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Source 1"Under the present circumstances, if we were to find ourselves in a war with France, it will be a peoples war that cannot be won in one decisive battle but will turn into a long and deadly struggle with a country that will not give up before the strength of its entire people has been broken. Our own people, too, will be utterly broken and exhausted, even if we emerge victorious at the end."Helmuth von Moltke, German general, letter to the German emperor Wilhelm II, 1905Source 2"The integrity of what remains of the Ottoman Empire is one of the principles upon which the worlds balance of power is based. Therefore, I reject the idea that it is in our national interest to shatter one of the cornerstones of the international order. What if, after we have attacked Libya* and destabilized the Ottoman Empire, the Balkans begin to stir? And what if a Balkan war provokes a clash between the two power blocs and a European war? Italy must not be the country that bears the responsibility of putting a match to the powder keg."*Italy wanted to colonize Libya, which at the time was a province of the Ottoman Empire.Giovanni Giolitti, prime minister of Italy, speech before the Italian parliament as it debated whether to attack Ottoman Libya, 1911Moltkes prediction in Source 1 about the consequences of a potential war between Germany and France is most directly explained by the fact thatFrances recent industrialization made it militarily superior to GermanyFrance had a much larger population than Germanyprevious conflicts had stirred intense nationalism in France and Germanyfascists within Germany sought to use a potential war with France as an excuse to establish a dictatorship
PLEASEEEEE HELPPPP Project: Cystic Fibrosis Testing and Ethical DecisionsThis project provides an exact exposure to the lesson on cystic fibrosis. An alternative project your teacher may prefer is to research a genetic ethics case and complete the same set of questions. However, the sites are educational projects funded by the NIH specifically for educational purposes.First, read the page at DNA files (http://www.dnafiles.org/programs/prenatal-genetic-testing). DNA files is an educational project funded by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. Be sure to see that there are two different dates. The original information came out in 1998, and was later updated in 2007.Next, listen to the radio program on the same page. It can be streamed or downloaded. It is about an hour long. Be sure to take notes as you listen, which you'll turn in as rough notes.After you listen to the radio program, answer the following questions in writing.What kinds of thoughts made the women deciding on prenatal tests nervous?Describe what exactly is a wrongful life or wrongful birth suit?After the segment on wrongful life suits concluded, what was YOUR opinion on this kind of case?Describe how the ability to test for genetic abnormalities via an amnio ended up coming at a crossroads with the legalization of the abortion procedure in the United States. That is, how did these two separate events first become intertwined?Describe the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) test and its use. Be sure to mention how often it screens as positive. Are all positive screenings truly spina bifida?Summarize the story of Judy, who had an amnio that came back as showing a possible problem.Describe what Tay Sachs syndrome is and what groups most often carry the disease.Describe how the Orthodox Jewish community avoids the ethical dilemmas of prenatal testing, but still manages to screen for Tay Sachs.Summarize some of the things that the family of Brendan, who has cystic fibrosis, must do to cope with his disease.Which two ethnic groups are mentioned as not having a strong possibility of carrying CF?Why does the radio program mention that CF can be a very mild disease without too many symptoms or problems? Can prenatal testing tell a couple how bad the baby's problems may be?In the portion of the program regarding testing for Down Syndrome, what is the importance of the geography and culture of the doctor's patients? What does it have to do with prenatal testing?Describe what eugenics is. What is its philosophical connection and similarity with German Nazi views? How does it relate to genetic testing?What is achondroplasia?According to the program, by what percent has prenatal testing reduced the prevalence of genetic abnormalities?One doctor, Lee Silver, describes a possible future where genes are introduced purposefully into a baby's make up in order to give the person future protection against a disease. What is the potential ethical conflict of this practice?