1. ) Use the rate law to explain quantitatively how decreasing the iodate ion concentration affects the rate of the iodine clock reaction? (State whether it doubles or triples, etc. )
2. ) Use the rate law to explain quantitatively how increasing the bisulfite ion concentration affects the rate of the iodine clock reaction? (Again, state whether it doubles or triples, etc. )
3. ) How would doubling the total volume of the solution by doubling the volume of water, iodate and bisulfite solutions affect the rate of the iodine clock reaction? Explain in full sentences.
4. ) Why is it important to record the temperature when you did not have to use it in any of your calculations? Explain in full sentences.
5. ) Explain, at the particulate level, why increasing the concentrations of the reactants
would cause an increase in the rate of the reaction. (Think carefully what is meant by
"at the particulate level. ")
Answers
1.) Decreasing the iodate ion concentration in the iodine clock reaction will decrease the reaction rate according to the rate law. If you halve the iodate ion concentration, the rate will also halve.
2.) Increasing the bisulfite ion concentration in the iodine clock reaction will increase the reaction rate according to the rate law. If you double the bisulfite ion concentration, the rate will double.
3.) Doubling the total volume of the solution by doubling the volume of water, iodate, and bisulfite solutions will not affect the rate of the iodine clock reaction because the concentrations of reactants will remain the same.
4.) Recording the temperature is important because the reaction rate is temperature-dependent, even though it was not used in calculations. A change in temperature can impact the rate, so it is important to note the temperature for consistent results.
5.) At the particulate level, increasing the concentrations of reactants increases the rate of the reaction because more particles are available to collide, leading to a higher probability of successful collisions and faster reaction.
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Related Questions
Drag each tile to the correct image.
Match each alkane name with its structure.
octane
decane
propane
butane
heptane
CHE
IGH
CHE
Reset
Next
Answers
Answer:
The first one is Propane
The second one is HEPTANE
The third one is octane
The 4th is butane
the 5th is decane
The structures have been named according to IUPAC as \(\rm C_3H_8\) Propane, \(\rm C_7H_{16}\) Heptane, \(\rm C_8H_{18}\) Octane, \(\rm C_4H_{10}\) Butane, and \(\rm C_{10}H_{22}\) Decane.
The images has been the representation of the ball and stick structure of the compounds. The central balls have been the representation of the carbon atom , with small balls attached to the sticks have been the representation of the hydrogen attached.
The following structures has been given as:
The structure has 3 carbon atoms with the presence of 8 hydrogen. The molecular formula has been \(\rm C_3H_8\). It has been the structure of propane.The structure has 7 carbon and 16 hydrogen. The structure has been the representation of heptane with molecular formula \(\rm C_7H_{16}\).The structure has molecular formula \(\rm C_8H_{18}\) with 8 carbon and 18 hydrogen. It has been named Octane, according to IUPAC.The structure with 4 carbon and 10 hydrogen with molecular formula \(\rm C_4H_{10}\) has been named according to IUPAC as butane.The structure with molecular formula \(\rm C_{10}H_{22}\) has presence of 10 carbon and 22 hydrogen. It has been named as Decane.The structures have been named according to IUPAC as \(\rm C_3H_8\) Propane, \(\rm C_7H_{16}\) Heptane, \(\rm C_8H_{18}\) Octane, \(\rm C_4H_{10}\) Butane, and \(\rm C_{10}H_{22}\) Decane.
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Select all the correct descriptions to complete the statement:
A diffuse reflection is?
A: Light travels in waves and is there for scattered all around
B: when light hits a smooth surface and reflects back a perfect image
C: when light strikes an object and slows down
D: when light hits an uneven surface and reflects back in different
directions
E: a type of reflection
Answers
A diffuse reflection is when light hits an uneven surface and reflects back in different directions. The correct option is D.
What is a diffuse reflection?It is known as diffuse reflection when light, other waves, or particles are reflected from a surface so that rays incident on it are scattered at multiple angles rather than just one, as in the case of specular reflection.
When light reflects off a rough surface, it causes a blurred or nonexistent image, known as diffuse reflection. The law of reflection states that the angle at which light rays bounce off a surface equals the angle at which the incident rays contact the surface.
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if you heat a liquid measure the temperature to which it boils what am I measuring
Answers
Once at boiling point, in a pan open to atmosphere, the water continues to absorb heat, called latent heat. Thermometer will remain at 212 degF as the water changes phase to a vapor/steam.
What do we mean by c8 columns? None of the above The column contains eight carbons by lonic bonded The column contains eight carbons by covalent bond The column contains phenyl group by covalent bond
Answers
C8 columns refer to chromatography columns that contain a stationary phase consisting of hydrocarbon chains with eight carbon atoms. c8 columns means none of the given options. The correct answer is (d) None of the above.
C8 columns refer to chromatography columns that contain a stationary phase consisting of hydrocarbon chains with eight carbon atoms. These carbon chains are typically covalently bonded to a solid support material.
The C8 designation represents the length and composition of the hydrocarbon chains in the stationary phase.
These columns are commonly used in chromatography techniques, such as reversed-phase liquid chromatography, where nonpolar compounds are separated based on their interactions with the hydrophobic stationary phase.
The C8 stationary phase provides moderate retention for analytes with different polarities, allowing for effective separation.
The statement about ionic bonding or the presence of a phenyl group is not applicable to C8 columns.
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Neon is located in the last group of the periodic table. How many valence electrons does the element neon have? (5 points)
1
2
4
8
Answers
Answer:
it's 8
Explanation:
the last group of the periodic table is group 8. so all elements in a group should have the same number of valency electrons
why os copper one of the four c's in arizona?
Answers
Answer: Copper is a key component of state-of-the-art energy, aerospace, transportation, and telecommunications systems throughout the world.
Explanation:
Copper mining and processing provide jobs and economic benefits to communities throughout Arizona.
Copper is one of the four C's in Arizona because it is one of the state's primary industries. The other three C's are cotton, cattle, and citrus. Arizona is a major copper-producing state, with mines and processing facilities located throughout the state. In fact, Arizona produces more copper than any other state in the United States, and it is one of the largest copper-producing regions in the world. Copper mining and processing provide jobs and economic benefits to communities throughout Arizona.
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Draw a schematic diagram with a battery, connecting wires, a light bulb, and an ammeter in a series circuit.
Answers
Answer:
here it is
....................................................................................................................................
help me i waisted 60 points but bots keep answering someone else answer
it says its answered but its a bot i swear
Answers
Answer:
mid-ocean ridge.
Explanation:
Propane (C3H8), a common fuel, reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water according to the equation below: C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O If a propane heater burns 38.95 g C3H8, it consumes
Answers
Answer:
0.8833 mole of C3H8
Explanation:
Given:
Mass of C₃H₈ (Propane) = 38.95 gram
Computation:
Molar mass of C = 12.01
Molar mass of H = 1.008
Molar mass of C₃H₈ (Propane) = 3(12.01) + 8(1.008)
Molar mass of C₃H₈ (Propane) = 36.03 + 8.064
Molar mass of C₃H₈ (Propane) = 44.094
Number of mol in 38.95 gram Propane = Mass / Molar mass
Number of mol in 38.95 gram Propane = 38.95 / 44.094
Number of mol in 38.95 gram Propane = 0.88334
Answer:
Use the Periodic Table to find molar masses.
Propane (C3H8), a common fuel, reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water according to the equation below:
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
If a propane heater burns 38.95 g C3H8, it consumes
38.95 mol C3H8.
0.8830 mol C3H8.
1 mol C3H8.
44.10 mol C3H8.
Part 2
How many moles of oxygen are required to produce 37.15 g CO2?
37.15 g CO2 = 1.407 mol O2
Part 3
What mass of propane is necessary to react with the amount of oxygen calculated in the previous question?
12.41 g C3H8
At 275 °C a gas has a volume of 500 mL. What is the volume of this gas at 190°C?
Answers
Answer:
using the formula
v1/T1 =V2T2
make V2 subject of formula
V2= V1T2/T1
V2= 724mL
The volume of this gas at the 190°C will be 423 ml.
Explanation :We can resolve this issue by applying Charles' law. According to Charles' law, a gas's volume is directly inversely proportionate to its Kelvin temperature. To resolve this issue, we can apply the formula shown below:
\(\large{\implies{\bf{\boxed{\boxed{\dfrac{V1}{T1} = \dfrac{V2}{T2} }}}}}\)
Where,
V1 is the gas's initial volume T1 is its starting temperature in Kelvin V2 is its finished volume T2 is its finished temperature in Kelvin.The temperatures must first be converted from Celsius to Kelvin. By raising each temperature by 273.15, we may achieve this.
Initial temperature (T1) is equal to 275 + 273 K.
500 mL is the initial volume (V1).
Final volume (V2) = Final temperature (T2) = 190 + 273.15 = 463.15 K Final temperature (T2) =?
V1/T1 = V2/T2
500/548.15 = V2/463.15
V2 = (500/548.15) * 463.15
V2 ≈ 423 mL
Therefore, at a temperature of 190°C, the volume of this gas would be approximately 423 mL.
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How many bromide ions are there in 2.00g of MgBr2?
Answers
There are 1.31 x 1022 bromide ions in 2.00 g of \(MgBr_2\).
The chemical formula of magnesium bromide (\(MgBr_2\)) contains one magnesium ion (\(Mg2^+\)) and two bromide ions (Br-). To find the number of bromide ions in 2.00 g of \(MgBr_2\), we need to use the molar mass of \(MgBr_2\) to determine the number of moles of \(MgBr_2\) present in 2.00 g of the compound, then use the stoichiometry of the chemical formula to determine the number of bromide ions present. First, we need to calculate the molar mass of \(MgBr_2\). The molar mass of \(MgBr_2\) is equal to the sum of the atomic masses of magnesium (Mg) and two bromine (Br) atoms. The atomic mass of Mg is 24.31 g/mol, and the atomic mass of Br is 79.90 g/mol. Molar mass of \(MgBr_2\) = 24.31 g/mol + (2 x 79.90 g/mol) = 184.11 g/mol Next, we can use the molar mass to determine the number of moles of \(MgBr_2\) present in 2.00 g of the compound: Number of moles of \(MgBr_2\) = mass of \(MgBr_2\) / molar mass of \(MgBr_2\)= 2.00 g / 184.11 g/mol
= 0.0109 mol Finally, we can use the stoichiometry of the chemical formula to determine the number of bromide ions present: Number of bromide ions = 2 x number of moles of \(MgBr_2\)
= 2 x 0.0109 mol
= 0.0218 mol Therefore, there are 0.0218 moles of bromide ions in 2.00 g of \(MgBr_2\). To convert this to the number of bromide ions, we can multiply by Avogadro's number (6.02 x 1023): Number of bromide ions = 0.0218 mol x 6.02 x 1023 ions/mol = 1.31 x 1022 ions
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What makes a buffer resistant to pH change?
Answers
A buffer is a solution that can resist a change in pH when a small amount of acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions can resist pH changes because they contain a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid.A buffer can resist changes in pH because it can neutralize small amounts of acid or base that may be added to it.
The pH of a buffer solution depends on the dissociation constant (K a) of the weak acid in the solution and the ratio of weak acid to its conjugate base.If a small amount of acid is added to the buffer, the base component of the buffer
reacts with the acid to neutralize it, forming the conjugate acid. If a small amount of base is added, the acid component reacts with the base to form the conjugate base of the buffer.A buffer solution will be most effective when the pH of
the solution is close to the pK a of the weak acid component. At this pH, the buffer will be able to neutralize small amounts of acid or base without undergoing a significant change in pH.
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what causes an iron nail to become magnetic when it is rubbed against a permanent magnet over and over again in the same direction
Answers
Answer:
hey! i hope you'll find this helpful, can i have brainliest please? thank you!
When an iron nail is repeatedly rubbed against a permanent magnet in the same direction, it can become temporarily magnetized. This phenomenon is known as magnetic induction.
Iron is a ferromagnetic material, which means it has the ability to be easily magnetized. When the nail is rubbed against the magnet, the magnetic domains within the iron align in a particular direction due to the influence of the magnetic field produced by the magnet. The repeated rubbing in the same direction helps align the magnetic domains more consistently.
The magnetic domains are small regions within the iron where groups of atoms have their magnetic moments aligned. In an unmagnetized iron nail, these domains are randomly oriented, resulting in a net magnetic field of zero. However, when the iron nail is rubbed with a magnet, the magnetic domains align in a common direction, creating a temporary magnetic field within the nail.
The alignment of the magnetic domains persists even after the rubbing stops, causing the iron nail to exhibit magnetism. However, this magnetism is relatively weak and temporary, as the domains can easily revert to their original random orientation. It means that the iron nail loses its magnetic properties over time unless it is exposed to a stronger external magnetic field or is made into a permanent magnet through a different process.
In summary, rubbing an iron nail against a permanent magnet in the same direction aligns the magnetic domains within the iron, resulting in temporary magnetization.
:D
is a toothpick a good model for showing the strength and brittleness of salt ?
Answers
Answer:
no a toothpick is stronger
Explanation:
i would not seem right
For the following reaction:I2(g) + Br2(g) ⇌ 2 IBr(g)A vessel initially contains 2.50 M I2 and 2.50 M Br2. Determine the equilibrium concentration of IBr if Kc for the reaction at this temperature is 3.27.Group of answer choicesa.2.18 Mb. 1.19 Mc. 0.642 Md. 1.84 Md. 0.854 M
Answers
The equilibrium concentration of IBr is 2x = 1.71 M. The correct option is D. To solve this problem, we first need to write out the balanced equation and the expression for Kc:
I2(g) + Br2(g) ⇌ 2 IBr(g)
Kc = [IBr]^2 / ([I2][Br2])
Next, we need to determine the change in concentration at equilibrium. Let x be the change in concentration of IBr. Then:
[I2] = 2.50 - x
[Br2] = 2.50 - x
[IBr] = 2x
Substituting these values into the expression for Kc, we get:
3.27 = (2x)^2 / ((2.50 - x)(2.50 - x))
Solving for x, we get x = 0.854 M.
In summary, to solve this problem, we used the balanced equation and the expression for Kc to determine the change in concentration at equilibrium. We then substituted these values into the expression for Kc and solved for x, which allowed us to calculate the equilibrium concentration of IBr.
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When elements bond, what is the part of the atom doing the bonding?
Answers
Answer:
the valance electrons
Explanation:
colligative properties are properties of a solution that depend only on the of solute particles in a given volume of solution, not on their .
Answers
Colligative properties are properties of a solution that depend only on the number of solute particles in a given volume of solution, not on their type.
What are Colligative properties?
Colligative properties of solutions are characteristics that depend on the quantity of molecules or ions in the solute, but not on the kind of solute. Osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure reduction are examples of Colligative properties.
A property of a solution is said to be collative if it depends simply on the proportion of solute to solvent particles in the solution and not on the nature of the solute.
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In this lab you will construct several electrochemical cells where both half-cells contain a copper electrode in a copper (II) solution. What standard cell potential (Eºcell would be expected for a voltaic cell comprised only of copper? O 0.68 V O 0.34 V 0 0.0592 V O 0.00 V 0 -0.34 V
Answers
In the lab, electrochemical cells are being constructed with copper electrodes in copper (II) solution for both half-cells. The expected standard cell potential (Eºcell) for a voltaic cell consisting solely of copper is 0.00 V.
The standard cell potential, denoted as Eºcell, represents the potential difference between the two half-cells of an electrochemical cell. It is a measure of the cell's ability to generate an electric current. In this case, since both half-cells contain copper electrodes in copper (II) solution, there is no difference in the reduction potential of the two half-reactions. This results in an equal and opposite potential, leading to a net cell potential of zero. This implies that no spontaneous redox reaction occurs and no electrical energy is generated or consumed within the cell.
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continue analyzing this 20% acetone, 45% cyclohexane, and 35% dimethyl carbonate mixture. if the acetone peak is set to an integration of exactly 1, then what will the integration be for the dimethyl carbonate peak?
Answers
The integration be for the dimethyl carbonate peak is 1.75.
To calculate the integration for the dimethyl carbonate peak, we need to first calculate the mole fraction of each component in the mixture. The mole fraction of a component in a mixture can be calculated as follows:
Mole fraction = (component's mass) / (total mass of mixture)
Next, we need to use the relationship between the mole fraction and the area percent (also known as integration) in a chromatogram. The area percent of a component in a mixture is proportional to its mole fraction. If the acetone peak is set to an integration of exactly 1, then we can use the following equation to calculate the integration for the dimethyl carbonate peak:
Integration of dimethyl carbonate = (Mole fraction of dimethyl carbonate) (Mole fraction of acetone) x (Integration of acetone)
Given the mass percent of each component:
Acetone = 20% = 0.20
Cyclohexane = 45% = 0.45
Dimethyl carbonate = 35% = 0.35
We can calculate the total mass of the mixture as:
Total mass = 0.20 + 0.45 + 0.35 = 1
And then, we can calculate the mole fraction of each component as follows:
Mole fraction of acetone = 0.20
Mole fraction of dimethyl carbonate = 0.35
Finally, we can calculate the integration for the dimethyl carbonate peak as follows:
Integration of dimethyl carbonate = (Mole fraction of dimethyl carbonate) (Mole fraction of acetone) x (Integration of acetone) = (0.35) / (0.20) x (1) = 1.75
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Who do you think we (humans) are more related to bats, or chickens?
Answers
Answer:
prolly chickens
Jana is a scientist and is designing a portable water warmer that can help her warm up her samples while away from the lab. The device will store two chemicals separately. When she wants to warm up water, she will activate the device, which will mix the chemicals together to generate energy in the form of heat. The heat will increase the temperature of a third part of the device, which is filled with water. Jana wants to find the best amount of two chemicals that will generate energy in a safe and portable way. She mixes copper sulphate and zinc in a beaker and records her observations in the table.
Jana needs her device to be able to warm water to temperatures between 70 °C and 100 °C. She tests the device using different amounts of copper sulfate and zinc and records the resulting water temperature at different time intervals.
The table shows the amount of zinc and copper sulfate that were used for each trial. The graph shows the data she collected on the temperature of the water.
⦁ Determine the type of reaction that took place in the beaker. Justify your answer using evidence from the graph.
⦁ Interpret the factors that affected the water temperature. List at least 2 factors.
⦁ How could Jana modify her design to meet the temperature constraints? Provide at least 3 ideas.
⦁ Is this copper sulfate and zinc reaction balanced? Justify your answer.
CuSO4 (aq) + H2O (aq) + Zn(s) Cu(s) + ZnSO4(aq) + H2O(aq)
⦁ What other combination of reactive chemicals can Jana use in case copper sulfate and zinc didn’t give her the results she was waiting for?
⦁ Create a model to demonstrate a chemical reaction, including a detailed explanation of the reaction and any changes that occur.
⦁ Research 2 other examples from real life where endothermic and exothermic reactions can be used safely in creating items of benefit to humanity. Describe the role of the reaction in the product usage.
Answers
Answer: I would love to help but i cant see the table
Explanation:
Jana can modify her device by increasing the amount of zinc and decreasing the amount of copper sulfate to generate more heat, which will increase the water temperature within the desired range of 70°C to 100°C.
How could Jana modify her design to meet the temperature constraints?
Factors that affected the water temperature include the amount of zinc and copper sulfate used, the duration of activation, and the initial temperature of water. To meet the temperature constraints, Jana could modify her device by:Increasing the amount of zinc and decreasing the amount of copper sulfate to generate more heatDecreasing the amount of water to be heatedUsing a more efficient heat transfer mechanismBy making these modifications, Jana can increase the water temperature to the desired range and ensure that her device is portable, safe, and effective.
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determine [h3o ] in each acid solutions. if the acid is weak, indicate the value that [h3o ] is less than.
Answers
To determine the [H3O+] concentration in each acid solution, we need to use the acid dissociation constant (Ka) equation. For strong acids, the [H3O+] concentration is equal to the acid concentration, but for weak acids, we need to take into account the equilibrium between the acid and its conjugate base.
Ka = [H3O+][A-]/[HA]
[H3O+] = sqrt(Ka*[HA])
If the acid is weak, then the value of [H3O+] is less than the acid concentration because only a small fraction of the acid molecules dissociate into H3O+ ions. The degree of dissociation depends on the Ka value, the acid concentration, and the ionic strength of the solution.
For example, if we have a 0.1 M solution of acetic acid with a Ka of 1.8x10^-5, then:
[H3O+] = sqrt(1.8x10^-5 * 0.1) = 1.34x10^-3 M
Since acetic acid is a weak acid, the [H3O+] concentration is less than the initial acid concentration of 0.1 M. This means that most of the acetic acid molecules remain undissociated in solution.
In summary, to determine the [H3O+] concentration in acid solutions, we need to use the Ka equation and consider the strength of the acid. If the acid is weak, then the [H3O+] concentration will be less than the acid concentration due to incomplete dissociation.
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Question 6
1 pts
A state implementation plan" (SIP) is a report issued by air districts that
_______________ O describes emission reduction strategies to bring non-attainment air pollutants to
attainment
O justifies the location of air quality monitors across the air busin
O provides total emissions of criteria air pollutants across the air basin.
Question 7
1 pts
Wind blown dust is generally comprised of particulate around____________in particle size.
O 100 micrometers
O 1 micrometers
O 10 micrometers
Question 8
1 pts
Combustion particulate is characterized by_____________
Answers
A state implementation plan (SIP) is a report issued by air districts that describes emission reduction strategies to bring non-attainment air pollutants to attainment. Option A is correct.
6- The option that describes this fact is: O describes emission reduction strategies to bring non-attainment air pollutants to attainment.
7- Wind blown dust is generally comprised of particulate around 10 micrometers in particle size. Hence, the correct option is:O 10 micrometers.
8- Combustion particulate is characterized by microscopic particles formed in the combustion of fuel, which are released into the atmosphere. The characteristics of these particles are their small size and the manner in which they are formed. They are less than 2.5 micrometers in size, which means they can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream. Their characteristics can be defined as: Small in sizeSo, the correct option is: Small in size.
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What are two ways that the body prevents a cell's mutation from being passed onto other cells?
Answers
How to separate these pure substance?if it is not possible, please write cannot be separate
Oxgen
Water
Gold
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon
Answers
Answer:
Oxgen- cannot be separated
Water - chemical change
Gold - cannot be separated
Carbon Dioxide - chemical change
Carbon - cannot be separated
Explanation:
A pure substance, which can either be an element or a compound, contains only one type of such element or compound. In opposition to a mixture, pure substances cannot be separated by physical means.
- Elements as a pure substance cannot be separated because it contains only one type of atom. However, compounds contain two or more types of atoms, and hence, can only be separated into its individual atoms via chemical means.
In this question, oxygen (O2), Gold (Au) and carbon (C) are all elements and hence cannot be separated. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are compounds because they contain two different atoms respectively, hence, can be separated into individual atoms.
Classify the following alcohol as primary,
secondary or tertiary.
A. primary
ОН
B. secondary
C. tertiary
Enter
Answers
The classification of the alcohols gives;
Compound 1 - Primary alcoholCompound 2 - Tertiary alcoholCompound 3 - Secondary alcoholCompound 4 - Secondary alcoholWhat are alcohols?Organic compounds occurs in families. The family of compounds is called a homologous series. The homologous series always have a functional group. The functional group is the atom, group of atoms or bond that is responsible for the chemical reactivity of the members of a given homologous series.
Now we know that the alcohols are those organic compounds that contains the -OH group. The could be aliphatic or alicyclic compounds. We shall now proceed to name the kind of alcohols that each of the compounds shown are;
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7) Methyl alcohol (methanol) liquid is stored in a vessel. Its vapor is inerted with nitrogen to a total pressure of 2-inch of water gauge. (Assume a temperature of 25°C; 1 atm = 406.8 inches of water = 760 mmHg; LOLMeOH = 7.3% and UOLMeOH = 81%) a. Determine the saturated vapor pressure of methanol in the vessel in mmHg.(3 Marks ans: 125.9 mmHg) b. Determine the volume percent concentration of methanol in the vapor. (3 Marks ans: 16.5% MetOH) Hint: use Dalton law: Meto psat/Pabs =
Answers
The saturated vapor pressure of methanol in the vessel is 125.9 mmHg (rounded off to 3 significant figures). The volume percent concentration of methanol in the vapor is 73.2% (rounded off to 3 significant figures).
a. Saturated vapor pressure of methanol in the vessel in mmHg: The vapor pressure of methanol (MeOH) in the vessel can be determined using Dalton's law of partial pressures. MetOH psat = MetOH Pabs
Here, MetOH Pabs is the pressure exerted by the vapor of methanol in the vessel. It is equal to the total pressure in the vessel minus the partial pressure of the inert gas (nitrogen). Pabs = 2 inch of water gauge = 2 x 25.4 mm of water gauge / 1 inch of water gauge = 50.8 mm of water gauge
Total pressure in mmHg = Pabs x 760 mmHg / 406.8 inch of water gauge = 94.8 mmHg
Partial pressure of nitrogen = 2 inch of water gauge = 50.8 mm of water gauge
Partial pressure of methanol = MetOH Pabs MetOH psat = 126 mmHg (at 25°C)
Therefore, the saturated vapor pressure of methanol in the vessel is 125.9 mmHg (rounded off to 3 significant figures).
b. Volume percent concentration of methanol in the vapor: The volume percent concentration of methanol in the vapor can be determined using the ideal gas law and the Dalton's law of partial pressures. V = nRT / PV = volume of the vapor (L)n = number of moles of methanol gas R = gas constant T = temperature (K)P = pressure (atm)
Let's assume that the total volume of the vapor in the vessel is 1 L and the temperature is 25°C (298 K).
The number of moles of nitrogen gas (N2) in the vapor can be determined using the Dalton's law of partial pressures. N2 Pabs = Pabs - MetOH PabsN2 Pabs = 50.8 mm of water gaugeN2 Pabs = 50.8 mm of water gauge x 1 atm / 760 mmHg = 0.067 atmN2 V = nRT / PN2N2 V = (0.067 atm x 1 L) / (0.082 L atm/K mol x 298 K)N2 V = 0.0022 mol
The number of moles of methanol gas (MeOH) in the vapor can be determined using the ideal gas law. MetOH Pabs = MetOH psatMetOH Pabs = 125.9 mm Hg MetOH Pabs = 125.9 mmHg x 1 atm / 760 mmHg = 0.165 atmMetOH V = nRT / PMetOH V = (0.165 atm x 1 L) / (0.082 L atm/K mol x 298 K)MetOH V = 0.006 mol
The volume percent concentration of methanol in the vapor can be determined using the following equation.
Volume percent concentration of MeOH = MetOH V / (N2 V + MetOH V) x 100%
Volume percent concentration of MeOH = 0.006 mol / (0.0022 mol + 0.006 mol) x 100%
Therefore, the volume percent concentration of methanol in the vapor is 73.2% (rounded off to 3 significant figures).
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An Anti-Smoking Campaign claims the average time it takes smokers to quit smoking is 16 years. Suspecting this is incorrect, researchers take a sample of 25 former smokers and record the amount of time (in years) that it took each to quit smoking. Given a population standard deviation of 4.06, is there enough evidence to reject the campaign's claim at α=0.05?
11.2 15.8 11.2 12 8.2
10.1 14.7 10.5 13.5 12.8
12.5 14 18.8 18.6 14.9
11.8 18.2 11.3 15 16.1
19 11 9 22.1 25
Table: Years to Quit Smoking
State the null and alternative hypothesis in parts a & b. (Fill in <, >, ≤, ≥, =, or ≠ , then the value.)
a) H0: μ
b) Ha: μ
c) Is this a right-tailed, left-tailed, or two-tailed test?
d) Find the p-value.
p=
e) Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?
f) conclusion: At the 1% level of significance, there (is or is not) sufficient evidence to reject the claim.
Answers
The null hypothesis (H0) states that the average time it takes smokers to quit smoking is greater than or equal to 16 years, while the alternative hypothesis (Ha) suggests that the average time is less than 16 years.
What are the null and alternative hypotheses in the given scenario?In the given scenario, the null and alternative hypotheses are as follows:
a) H0: 16 (The average time it takes smokers to quit smoking is greater than or equal to 16 years)
b) Ha: 16 (The average time it takes smokers to quit smoking is less than 16 years)
c) This is a left-tailed test because the alternative hypothesis (Ha) suggests a decrease in the average time to quit smoking.
d) To find the p-value, we need to conduct a statistical test. The test statistic (t-value) can be calculated using the sample mean, population standard deviation, sample size, and the hypothesized population mean (16 years). Using the t-distribution and degrees of freedom (n-1 = 24), the p-value can be determined.
e) Based on the p-value obtained from the test, we compare it to the significance level (α = 0.05). If the p-value is less than α, we reject the null hypothesis. Otherwise, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
f) In the conclusion, we state whether there is sufficient evidence to reject the claim. If the p-value is less than the significance level (α = 0.01), we can conclude that there is sufficient evidence to reject the claim. However, if the p-value is greater than α, we fail to reject the claim.
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What is the electron configuration of the chloride ion?
Answers
Answer:
La configuración electrónica del cloruro es 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6.
Explanation:
suppose that you have a solid unknown. when adding the solid to the test tube some of the p-xylene spills out. you do not weigh the mass of the test tube and p-xylene before adding the unknown and use the mass from before in the calculations. how will this specifically affect the calculated molecular weight of your unknown?
Answers
This will have a substantial impact on the projected molecular weight of the unknown because the calculations will not account for the mass of the test tube and p-xylene. This indicates that the mass of the unknown that is actually used to determine the molecular weight will be less than the real value, leading to an incorrectly low computed molecular weight. This is done by determining freezing point.
How to determine molecular weight by freezing point?The addition of a solute to a solvent will decrease the freezing point (temperature) of the solvent. The decrease in freezing point (ΔTf) when a nonvolatile, nonionizing solute is dissolved in a solvent is proportional to the molal concentration, m, of the solute present in the solution.
ΔTf IS Directly proportional to atomic mass (m)
ΔTf = Kf × m
Kf is a constant for a given solvent. Kf is called the molal freezing point depression constant and represents how many degrees the freezing point of the solvent will change when 1.00 mole of a nonvolatile nonionizing solute dissolves in one kilogram of solvent.
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