To determine which resistors are in series and which are in parallel, you need to look at how they are connected in the circuit. Resistors that are connected end to end with no other components in between are in series, while resistors that share the same two points and have other components connected to them are in parallel.
To solve for the currents and voltages in the circuit, you can simplify it by replacing resistors that are either in series or in parallel with an equivalent resistor. In this case, you can replace R2 and R3 with an equivalent resistor labeled R2,3.
The equivalent circuit would then consist of R1 in series with R2,3 in parallel with R4. The value of R2,3 can be found by using the formula:
1/R2,3 = 1/R2 + 1/R3
Once you have the value of R2,3, you can use Ohm's law to solve for the currents and voltages in the circuit. Don't forget to label all components with their values in the equivalent circuit diagram.
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what typically happens to the channel width, channel depth, flow velocity, and discharge between the headwaters and mouth of a stream?
The flow velocity increases as the channel slope lowers near a stream's mouth; upstream, the channel size and discharge increase, and the channel roughness diminishes.
Position in the stream channel, abnormalities in the stream channel brought on by resistive rock, and stream gradient all affect a stream's velocity. Water near channel edges is slowed by friction. In larger, shallower streams, friction is greater, but in narrower, deeper streams, friction is less.
The middle of straight channels has the highest velocity. In curved channels, the outside curve, where the channel is primarily scoured and deepened, is where the largest velocity is traced. Sediment is deposited on the interior of the curve where the velocity is lowest. The thalweg, which meanders with the bend of the stream, is the deepest section of the channel. The path of flow around curves is spiral.
Laminar stream flow is when water molecules all follow similar parallel routes; turbulent stream flow is when particles all follow different courses. It is typical of stream flow to be turbulent. There is a lot of mixing, whirling eddies, and occasionally tremendous velocity in this chaotic, unpredictable flow. Water shear and flow obstacles are what generate turbulence. The bottom of the stream is eroded because turbulent eddies scrape the channel bed and can retain sediment in suspension for longer periods of time than laminar flow.
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A mechanical device rests in a level position on two supports, each 42 inches high, at 60°F. The support at one end is gray cast iron; at the other end, structural steel. What is the greatest amount the device can be out of level due to differences in expansion if the temperature rises to 165°F?
Answer:
0.006174 in
Explanation:
The thermal expansion coefficients I found were ...
5.8×10^-6/°F for gray cast iron
7.2×10^-6/°F for structural steel
Then the difference in expansion dimensions for a 42-inch length will be ...
(42 in)((7.2 -5.8)×10^-6/°F)(165 -60)°F = (42 in)(1.4×10^-6)(105) = 0.006174 in
The difference in thermal expansion over that temperature range will be about 0.006174 inches.
How many flip-flop values are complemented in an 8-bit binary ripple counter to reach the next count value after: 0110111 and 01010110?
Answer:
- Four (4) flip-flop values will complemented
- one (1) flip-flop value will complemented
Explanation:
To find how many flip flop number of bits complemented, we just need to figure out what the next count in the sequence is and find how many bits have changed.
taking a look at the a) 00110111
we need to just 1 to the value,
so
00110111 + 0000001 = 00111000
So here, only the first four bits are complemented.
Therefore Four (4) flip-flop values will complemented
Next
b) 01010110
we also add 1 to the value
01010110 + 00000001 = 01010111
only the first bit is complemented.
Therefore one (1) flip-flop value will complemented
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules are used to capture and store ________ during metabolism.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules are used to capture and store **energy** during metabolism.
ATP serves as the primary energy currency in cells, providing the necessary energy for various cellular processes and reactions. Through the hydrolysis of one of its phosphate groups, ATP releases energy that can be utilized by cells to perform work, such as muscle contraction, active transport, and synthesis of biomolecules. The energy released during the breakdown of nutrients, such as glucose, is used to regenerate ATP through processes like cellular respiration. Thus, ATP acts as a vital molecule for energy transfer and storage in biological systems.
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Question 3 (5 points)
Two HVAC/R technicians are discussing the use of flaring tools. Technician A says
that a flaring tool is used to form the end of piece of copper tubing to allow it to be
connected using a flare nut and fitting. Technician B says that a double flare is used
on connections that will be repeatedly loosened and retightened. Which one of the
following statements is correct?
Only Technician A is correct.
Only Technician B is correct.
Both Technician A and Technician B are correct.
Neither Technician A nor Technician B is correct.
Answer:
Technician A is corect
Explanation:
Because he said the correct reason
The flaring tube connection is made with the connection from the copper end of the tube in the nut and fitting. Hence, option A is correct.
What are flaring tools?Flaring tubes are the tools that are made for the formation of the joining in the two tubes. They are used to make connections or fittings.
The use of a flaring tube is made with the formation of the copper tube to be connected with the nut and the fitting. Thus technician A is correct. Hence, option A is correct.
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59. Water Power Corporation wants to begin operations that include the discharge of waste into navigable waters. Under the Clean Water Act, the company must install certain equipment a. with all deliberate speed after beginning operations. b. before beginning operations. c. only on a voluntary basis. d. only if a regulatory agency challenges the discharge.
The goal of the Water Power Corporation is to start operations that involve dumping waste into navigable waters. The business is required by the Clean Water Act to install specific machinery. before beginning operations.
What is operation?
Operation is the process of carrying out or performing a task or set of tasks. It is the execution of a plan or an action. Operations involve working with people, equipment, or technology to manage resources and create goods and services. Operations are essential to any organization, regardless of its size or type. They can range from simple tasks such as phone calls and mailings to complex tasks such as manufacturing parts and shipping them to customers. Operations are at the heart of any company’s success; they are the lifeblood of any business. They encompass the entire process from initial planning and design through production and quality control to the delivery of goods and services. Operations are responsible for ensuring that all aspects of the organization, from financial management to customer service, are running smoothly.
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A train is traveling with a velocity of 23 m/s when the conductor sees a car stuck on the tracks 500 m away. What acceleration is needed for the train to stop 10 m from the car?
Answer:
\(a = -0.54\ m/s^2\)
Explanation:
Given
\(u = 23m/s\) --- initial velocity
\(v = 0m/s\) --- final velocity
\(s = 500m\) --- distance of the car
Required
Determine the train's acceleration to stop 10m before the obstacle
This will be solved using:
\(v^2 = u^2 + 2aH\)
Where
\(H = s - 10\) i.e to stop 10m before the car
So, we have:
\(0^2= 23^2 + 2a(s - 10)\)
\(0^2= 23^2 + 2a(500 - 10)\)
\(0= 529 + 2a*490\)
Collect like terms
\(2a*490 = 0 -529\)
\(2a*490 = -529\)
Make a the subject
\(a = -\frac{529}{2*490}\)
\(a = -\frac{529}{980}\)
\(a = -0.54\ m/s^2\) --- approximated
It is negative because the train decelerates
Which of the following defines context?
the ability to find new ways of thinking about a problem
the condition in which a problem exists
the study of the theoretical nature of an event
the problem-solving technique of an engineer
Answer:
The condition in which a problem exists
Explanation:
Context is the situation surrounding information, e.g. if you don't understand a word in a passge you can look for "context clues" where you use surrounding words to infer the meaning of the unknown one
when welding which steps should be taken to protect the welder and/or others in the area
Answer:
eye protection safety gloves and rubber shoes and a safe ground
Explanation:
A 20cm-long rod with a diameter of 0.250 cm is loaded with a 5000 N weight. If the diameter of the bar is 0.490 at this load, determine: I. the engineering stress and strain, and [2] II. the true stress and strain
If the diameter of the bar is 0.490 at this load, determine I. the engineering stress and strain, and [2] II. the true stress and strain is 1561. 84 MPa.
What is strain?Strain is a unitless degree of ways a great deal an item receives larger or smaller from an implemented load. Normal stress happens while the elongation of an item is in reaction to an everyday pressure (i.e. perpendicular to a surface), and is denoted via way of means of the Greek letter epsilon.
L = 20 cm d x 1 = 0.21 cmdx 2 = 0.25 cmF=5500 a) σ= F/A1= 5000/(π/4x(0.0025)^2)= 1018.5916 MPa lateral stress= Ad/d1= (0.0021-0.0025)/0.0025 = - 0.1 longitudinal stress (ɛ_l)= -lateral stress/v = -(-0.16)/0.3(assuming a poisson's ration of 0.3) ε_l=0.16/0.3 = 0.5333b) σ_true= σ(1+ ɛ_I)= 1018.5916(1+0.5333 = 1561.84 MPa.Read more about the diameter :
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Give reasons why it is difficult to accurately quantify the quantum of carbon released from terrestrial ecosystems that are as a result of land-use change.
The reason that makes it is difficult to accurately quantify the quantum of carbon released from terrestrial ecosystems are linked with Sensitivity analysis as well as bias made by gap filling of satellite data.
What is the principal quantum of carbon?
In its ground state, the six electrons of carbon (atomic number 6) in the second row of the periodic table occupy two of its primary energy levels, giving the highest-energy electron a principal quantum number n of 2.
Therefore, note that the act of carrying out Sensitivity analysis is a factor that has hindered the knowledge about the amount of release of carbon in the atmosphere.
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The angle of attack of a wing directly controls the A) angle of incidence of the wing. B) amount of airflow above and below the wing. C) distribution of pressures acting on the wing.
The angle of attack of a wing directly controls the C) distribution of pressures acting on the wing.
When the angle of attack of a wing is increased, the air moving over the curved upper surface of the wing must travel a greater distance and faster than the air moving beneath the wing's flat lower surface. This creates an area of lower air pressure above the wing and an area of higher air pressure beneath the wing, resulting in lift. The greater the angle of attack, the greater the lift produced.
However, if the angle of attack is too great, the airflow over the wing may separate, causing a loss of lift and potentially leading to a stall. Therefore, proper control of the angle of attack is crucial for safe and efficient flight.
Option C is answer.
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1. What are some pendulum wave characteristics?
2. What are waves characteristics?
3. List characteristics that they both share
Answer:
Explanation:
1. types of ecosystem ?
2. explain each ecosystem
the horizontal sections of a steel frame are the . a. shell c. suspension b. i-beams d. rebar please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
The horizontal sections of a steel frame are known as the B: i-beams.
I-beam is a kind of structural steel used in buildings, also called H, W, wide, universal beam, or roll beam. I-beams play an important role as the supporting links of the structure. These beams can withstand different types of loads.
I-beams are frequently utilized to build beams and columns in a range of dimensions and specifications. It is vital for civil engineers and foremen to understand the necessity of i-beams in steel structures.
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When you approach an uncontrolled intersection, you should treat it as though which sign is present?
Answer: A yield sign
Explanation:
what is the main mechanism used by cisco dna center to collect data from a wireless controller?
The main mechanism used by Cisco DNA Center to collect data from a wireless controller is through the use of APIs (Application Programming Interfaces).
Cisco DNA Center leverages APIs to establish a direct communication channel with the wireless controller, enabling the exchange of information and data retrieval.
APIs act as the interface that allows different systems to interact and exchange data in a standardized and structured manner. In the case of Cisco DNA Center and a wireless controller, the controller exposes specific APIs that allow Cisco DNA Center to retrieve relevant data and statistics related to the wireless network.
By leveraging these APIs, Cisco DNA Center can access information such as the status of access points, client devices, network utilization, RF (Radio Frequency) performance, and other relevant wireless network metrics. The wireless controller's APIs provide a means for Cisco DNA Center to query and retrieve this data in real-time or on-demand.
The collected data is then processed and analyzed within Cisco DNA Center's centralized management platform. It allows network administrators to gain visibility into the wireless network, monitor its performance, detect anomalies, and make informed decisions regarding network optimization, troubleshooting, and security.
Overall, the use of APIs enables seamless integration and data synchronization between Cisco DNA Center and the wireless controller, facilitating efficient management and monitoring of the wireless network infrastructure.
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a low carbon steel is heated to a temperature below the lower transformation temperature before cooling in an effort to soften it slightly. which is the heat treating process being performed?
The heat treating process being performed when a low carbon steel is heated to a temperature below the lower transformation temperature before cooling in an effort to soften it slightly is known as annealing.
Annealing is a heat treatment process that involves heating a metal to a specific temperature and holding it there for a certain amount of time before allowing it to cool down slowly. The purpose of annealing is to make a metal softer, more ductile, and more machinable. It also improves its toughness and makes it easier to form.Annealing can be done in several different ways, including full annealing, stress relief annealing, and spheroidizing annealing.
Full annealing involves heating the metal to a temperature above its upper critical temperature, holding it there for a period of time, and then allowing it to cool down slowly. Stress relief annealing involves heating the metal to a lower temperature and holding it there for a shorter period of time, while spheroidizing annealing is used to improve the machinability of high-carbon steels.
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If current flowing through a conductor is 10 mA. how many electrons travel through it in 10 s?
6.25×10⁻¹⁸ electrons will flow through a copper wire.
What are electrons?Electrons can be defined as the sum of atomic particles that is the career of negative charge, they are responsible for the chemical property of an element, the electrons are present in the shell.
Use formula ( I = ne/t )
Here,
number of electron
electron =1.6 x 10¯¹9 C
We have a relation between charge and current as
Charge = Current×time i.e
Q = i×t.
Now we have current = 10 amp & time = 10sec from given data.
Therefore charge Q = 10×1 = 100 coulombs.
Again we have a relation between charge and no of electrons
I.e no of electrons= total charge / 1.6×10⁻¹⁹
So, no of electrons = ( 100C/1.6×10⁻¹⁸ )
= 6.25×10⁻¹⁸ electrons.
Therefore, 6.25×10⁻¹⁸ electrons will flow through a copper wire carrying 10 amps current for 10 sec
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What must Congress do first to establish an administrative agency? o Obtain judicial approval for the creation o Do nothing, as establishing agencies is an executive power. o Enact an enabling statute. o Research whether a new agency is needed.
To establish an administrative agency, Congress must first enact an enabling statute.
An enabling statute is a law passed by Congress that grants authority to create and establish a specific administrative agency. This statute outlines the purpose, powers, functions, and responsibilities of the agency. It provides the legal basis for the agency's existence and sets the framework for its operations, regulations, and decision-making.
Congress plays a crucial role in the establishment of administrative agencies as it has the authority to create and delegate certain powers to these agencies through legislation. By enacting an enabling statute, Congress confers the necessary legal authority on the administrative agency to carry out its designated tasks and responsibilities.
Obtaining judicial approval for the creation of an administrative agency is not typically required. While the courts may review and interpret the actions and regulations of administrative agencies to ensure they are consistent with the law and the Constitution, the initial establishment of an agency falls within the legislative domain.
Conducting research to determine the need for a new agency is a prudent step before enacting the enabling statute. This research helps Congress evaluate the necessity, potential impact, and effectiveness of establishing a new administrative agency. However, the actual establishment of the agency requires the passage of legislation in the form of an enabling statute.
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Consider an infinite lattice with coordination number z in which every site is occupied by a molecule. (As a reminder, the coordination number is the number of neighbors each site has). Each molecule can be in one of two states: an 'up' state, and a 'down' state. A system interacts only with adjancet particles that share its state (i.e. ups interact with ups and downs interact with downs). Each interaction of this kind contributes an interaction energy of -epsilon to the system's energy. Using a mean-field approach, compute the following. (a) The fraction of molecules in the up state as a function of reduced temperature kT/(epsilon*z) (b) The mean energy per site as a function of reduced temperature. Here are some hints. In doing this, you will want to use the perturbation (mean field) approach retaining only F0 and F1. To obtain F0, just compute the entropy of the lattice in the absence of interactions. To obtain F1, compute the energy that is then introduced to the system by the attractions, using the configurational probabilities from the reference (noninteracting state). For this second part, you will have to use the idea I introduced in class that in a non-interacting lattice the site probability is just given by a mole fraction. When you determine the fraction of molecules in the up state, the easiest way will be to use the criterion that F is at a minimum at equilibrium, i.e. dF/dX = 0. In this case, you will want to minimize with respect to the fraction of up or down sites. This equation will require some numerical solution near the end. Note also that below some temperature, there should be two solutions to this minimization, in terms of two possible equilibrium values of the mole fraction of up sites (or down sites). This leads to the final part of this problem: (c) Determine the reduced temperature below which two different fractions of 'up' molecules are possible at the same temperature.
What is a kind of useful car?
DİGİTAL LOGİC DESİGN
Answer:
Uh- dude if you think I'm gonna download that, think twice...
According to Ref. 213/91, fire extinguishing equipment can be frozen True or False
False. Fire extinguishing equipment cannot be frozen according to Ref. 213/91.
According to Ref. 213/91, fire extinguishing equipment cannot be frozen. Fire extinguishers are essential safety devices designed to combat fires effectively. They contain pressurized agents that are specifically formulated to extinguish different types of fires. Freezing temperatures can significantly impair the functionality of fire extinguishers and render them ineffective in emergency situations.
When fire extinguishing equipment freezes, several issues can arise. First, the contents of the extinguisher may expand as they freeze, potentially leading to ruptures or leaks in the container. This can cause the extinguisher to malfunction or become hazardous when used. Second, freezing temperatures can affect the performance of the extinguishing agent itself. Certain agents, such as water-based solutions, can solidify or lose their effectiveness when exposed to extreme cold.
It is crucial to store fire extinguishers in suitable environments that are above freezing temperatures. This ensures that the equipment remains in optimal condition and is ready for immediate use during emergencies. Regular inspections and maintenance are also essential to identify any signs of damage or deterioration that may compromise the functionality of fire extinguishers.
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within what distance must an amateur station protect an fcc monitoring facility from harmful interference?
According to FCC regulation, within 160 kilometers of an FCC monitoring facility, an amateur station must protect it from harmful interference. FCC monitoring stations' duty is to prevent and investigate suspicious or unlawful radio communication activity.
These monitoring facilities play an important role in the monitoring of radio frequency communication. They monitor all radio communication for the safety of radio transmission and to ensure that it does not violate FCC regulations. FCC rules state that amateur radio operators must make certain that their radio transmissions do not interfere with other radio communications within the community or other nearby FCC facilities.
Amateur radio operator guidelines. The FCC regulations mandate that amateur radio operators must operate within their assigned frequencies, power levels, and the parameters specified by their particular license class. This ensures that all amateur radio transmissions remain clear and that no interference occurs with other communications or FCC monitoring facilities. FCC rules state that if interference is noticed in the amateur radio operator's transmission or if the operator is causing interference, the FCC may take action to terminate their license.
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A Russian rocket engine (RD-110 with LOX-kerosene) consists of four thrust chambers supplied by a single turbopump. The exhaust from the turbine of the turbopump then is ducted to four vernier nozzles (which can be rotated to provide some control of the flight path). Using the information below, determine the thrust and mass flow rate of the four vernier gas nozzles. For individual thrust chambers (vacuum): F= 73.14 kN, c = 3279 m/sec Overall engine with verniers (vacuum): F= 297.93 kN, c = 3197 m/sec.
Answer:
- Vernier thrust is 5.37 kN
- mass flow rate of the four Vernier gas nozzles is 0.4048 kg/s
Explanation:
Given that;
For individual thrust chambers (vacuum);
Fc = 73.14 kN , Cc = 3279 m/sec
For Overall engine with Vernier (vacuum);
Foa = 297.93 kN = , Coa = 3197 m/sec.
- determine the Vernier thrust
Vernier thrust Fv = Foa - ( 4 × Fc )
Vernier thrust Fv = 297.93 - ( 4 × 73.14)
Vernier thrust Fv = 297.93 - 292.56
Vernier thrust Fv = 5.37 kN
Therefore, Vernier thrust is 5.37 kN
-
Vernier mass flow rate;
we know that
\(Co_{a}\) = Fc + Fv / mc + mv
mv = Foa/Coa - Fc/Cc
we convert kilonewton to kilograms
1 kn = 102 kg
Fc = 73.14 kN = 73.14 × 102 = 7460.28 kg
Foa = 297.93 kN = 297.93 × 102 = 30388.86 kg
we substitute
mv = (30388.86 / 3197) - (( 4 × 7460.28) / 3279)
mv = 9.5054 - 9.1006
mv = 0.4048 kg/s
Therefore, mass flow rate of the four Vernier gas nozzles is 0.4048 kg/s
When the process is in control but does not meet specification which type of error is it?
When the process is in control but does not meet specification, it is referred to as a special cause error.
What is the term for a process in control but not meeting specification?In statistical process control, a process is considered to be in control when it operates within the defined limits and shows only random variations. However, when a process is in control but does not meet the desired specifications, it indicates the presence of a special cause error.
Special cause errors are attributed to specific factors or events that cause the process to deviate from the expected outcome. These errors are typically unpredictable and require investigation and corrective action to bring the process back within the desired specifications.
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describe an engineering advance that has led to greater knowledge about the solar system
Answer:
Space Rovers
Explanation:
The engineering advancement of the invention space rovers has changed space exploration tremendously. The first space rover ever to go out onto another planet was made by NASA and put on mars to learn more about the red planet and see if there where any plausible signs of past or maybe even present life. This mission was incredibly successful and for the first time in space exploration history, there was a spacecraft that you could move around that could with do the conditions of the planet for weeks, months, sometimes years at a time, moving around taking pictures and constantly collecting data. This was revolutionary for scientists, this way they could get copious amounts of information just on rover and not having to send multiple crafts only to die in the first few hours but sending back a relative amount of information. With rovers you can have them collect samples and bring the back to earth, not something that could’ve been done without a human, until rovers. They have completely changed and improved collecting data from other planets and have been one of the most revolutionary inventions when it comes to space exploration.
This is what I put for the answer, hope it helps in some way.
.2 plot the intrinsic carrier concentration, ni, for a temperature range of 200 t 600 k for (a) silicon, (b) germanium, and (c) gallium arsenide. (use a log scale for ni. )
The plot demonstrates the temperature-dependent increase in intrinsic carrier concentration (ni) for the three semiconductor materials, with higher temperatures resulting in higher concentrations of charge carriers.
What does the plot of intrinsic carrier concentration, ni, for silicon, germanium?The intrinsic carrier concentration, ni, represents the concentration of charge carriers in a semiconductor material at thermal equilibrium. It is temperature-dependent and can be plotted on a log scale to observe its variation over a temperature range.
For (a) silicon, (b) germanium, and (c) gallium arsenide, the intrinsic carrier concentration increases with increasing temperature.
The plot would show a logarithmic increase in ni with respect to temperature, indicating a higher concentration of carriers at higher temperatures.
The specific values of ni for each material at different temperatures can be obtained from semiconductor physics references or calculated using relevant equations.
The plot helps visualize the temperature dependency of intrinsic carrier concentration in different semiconductor materials.
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Need help fast 50 points Project: Creating a Morphological Matrix
Assignment Directions
A systematic way to view common functionality of an object's structure and components is through a morphological matrix. You are going to utilize this method to analyze a common household device (from the list below or your own idea). First, create the left-hand column by deciding on the parameters that allow the object to function normally. For example, a pencil sharpener has a blade and a housing unit to support the system. Use the parameters to describe the system. If the pencil sharpener is hand operated, list the parameter of hand turning (either the pencil itself in a small unit or a handle in a wall-mounted device). The parameter column can include specific structures in the device, power sources, or any other information you learned in the lesson. The right-hand columns will include the current methods used by the device to complete the parameter, as well as any other options that would satisfy the parameter. You must create at least two other options for each parameter.
While the matrix provides valuable information for an engineer, it is typically more technological than a client or decision team needs. Therefore, you will also need to complete a one- or two-page analysis of the device, including the current parameter solutions and any recommended alterations to a design. Each recommendation must be supported by information in the morphological matrix.
Here are some ideas of household devices that you can analyze:
can opener
bathroom or kitchen scale
doorknob assembly
stapler
Assignment Guidelines
a completed morphological matrix
each parameter must have at least three solutions
a written analysis of the device with supporting details from the matrix
Submission Requirements
One to two pages double spaced
Proper grammar and vocabulary is required.
Answer:
The fundamental difference between effective and less effective matrix organizations is whether the tension between different perspectives is creative or destructive. While various processes, systems and tools can help, what matters most is what top leadership says and does and how that flows through the organization in shared targets, clear accountabilities, live team interactions and team-building transparency and behaviors.
Getting matrix management right is linked inextricably to an organization’s culture - the only sustainable competitive advantage. Key components of a culture can be grouped into behaviors, relationships, attitudes, values and the environment.
Environment and values: Each organization has its own environment, context and bedrock values. Everyone needs to know what matters and why. Don’t try to do anything else until you’ve got that set.
Attitude is about choices: An organization’s overall strategy drives choices about which of its parts will be best in class (superior), world class (parity), strong (above average), or simplified/outsourced to be good enough. These choices help determine the need for a matrix and how best to design it.
Relationships and behaviors: This is why organizations have matrices. The most effective of them best balance focus and collaboration. They allow leaders and teams to build differential strengths and then work together to make the best possible decisions and scale enterprises with a creative tension that they could not do on their own.
My colleague Joe Durrett has worked all sides of matrix organizations in marketing at Procter & Gamble, sales and general management at Kraft General Foods and CEO of Information Resources, Broderbund Software and Advo. He has seen matrices at their best and at their worst and offered his perspective for this article along with his partners John Lawler and Linda Hlavac. The 12 ways to make matrix organizations more effective were built on their ideas.
Explanation: