4. the bohr equation for the hydrogen atom is en = -2.18×10-18 j/n2. what is the energy in j of the lowest excited state?
a.2.42×10-19 b.1.66×10-18 c.5.45×10-19 d.2.18×10-19 e.2.18×10-18

Dehydration reactions create covalent bonds which link monomer units.

In organic chemistry, monomers are single-unit compounds that join with other compounds through covalent bonds.

When multiple units of monomers join they form giant molecules called polymers.

In glucose, monomers are joined together through glycosidic linkages and join to form large complex molecules or polymers such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

Similarly, in biochemical reactions, a dehydration reaction occurs between glucose and fructose monomers, where a small water molecule is produced as a byproduct. Sucrose is formed as a result of a dehydration reaction.

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Answer:

The right option is; an experimental investigation, because it allows for the control of variables.

Explanation:

Answer:

In a displacement reaction, a more reactive metal pushes out a less reactive metal from its compound. For example, aluminium displaces iron from iron oxide.

Explanation:

Because aluminium is more reactive than iron, it displaces iron from iron(III) oxide. The aluminium removes oxygen from the iron(III) oxide: iron is reduced.

...

Hope this answer can help you. Have a nice day!

In a displacement reaction, a more reactive metal pushes out a less reactive metal from its compound. For example, aluminium displaces iron from iron oxide.

Compound is defined as a chemical substance made up of identical molecules containing atoms from more than one type of chemical element.

Molecule consisting atoms of only one element is not called compound.It is transformed into new substances during chemical reactions. There are four major types of compounds depending on chemical bonding present in them.They are:

1)Molecular compounds where in atoms are joined by covalent bonds.

2) ionic compounds where atoms are joined by ionic bond.

3)Inter-metallic compounds where atoms are held by metallic bonds

4) co-ordination complexes where atoms are held by co-ordinate bonds.

They have a unique chemical structure held together by chemical bonds Compounds have different properties as those of elements because when a compound is formed the properties of the substance are totally altered.

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Answer:

It has a thick atmosphere which causes extremely high temperatures.

Explanation:

In Chemistry, we always have to balance the equations, in many topics within the subject of Chemistry, it is required to do that, this is because we have to account for every atom in the reaction, on both sides, reactant and product, the same number of atoms that are on the reactants side must be on the products side. Therefore, the best answer for this question will be letter D

One way to determine whether a mixture is a solution or a mechanical mixture is to perform a filtration test. Another way to determine whether a mixture is a solution or a mechanical mixture is to perform a visual inspection test.

Explain about the above two tests in detail?

One way to determine whether a mixture is a solution or a mechanical mixture is to perform a filtration test. In this test, the mixture is passed through a filter paper, and if the filter paper traps solid particles, it indicates that the mixture is a mechanical mixture. On the other hand, if the mixture passes through the filter paper without leaving any solid particles, it suggests that the mixture is a solution.

Another way to determine whether a mixture is a solution or a mechanical mixture is to perform a visual inspection test. In this test, the mixture is observed under a microscope, and if the particles in the mixture are evenly distributed and do not settle over time, it indicates that the mixture is a solution. In contrast, if the particles in the mixture are not evenly distributed, and they settle over time, it suggests that the mixture is a mechanical mixture.

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The experiment of Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty in which virulent by transformation was significant because it showed that nonvirulent bacteria were made A) bacteria can undergo transformation.

In their experiment, they demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material responsible for the transformation of nonvirulent bacteria into virulent bacteria. Prior to this experiment, it was not clear whether genes were composed of DNA or protein. The Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment provided strong evidence that genes are composed of DNA only, which was a major breakthrough in the field of genetics. The experiment did not directly address the susceptibility of humans or animals to pneumonia, nor did it show that pneumonia can be cured by transformation. However, the discovery that virulence is determined genetically has important implications for the development of treatments for infectious diseases.

So the answer is A) bacteria can undergo transformation.

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Explanation:

the pressure and temperature of the air increase

reason:

the volume of the space containing air decreases.

Explanation:

Whether you know it or not, compressed air is involved in every aspect of our lives, from the balloons at your birthday party to the air in the tires of our cars and bicycles. It was probably even used when making the phone, tablet or computer you’re viewing this on.

The main ingredient of compressed air is - you guessed it! - air. Air is a gas mixture, which means it consists of many different gases. Primarily these are nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%).

The temperature of the air is directly proportional to the mean kinetic energy of these molecules. This means that the air temperature will be high if the mean kinetic energy is large (and the air molecules move faster). The temperature will be low when the kinetic energy is small.

Compressing the air makes the molecules move more rapidly, which increases the temperature. This phenomenon is called “heat of compression”. Compressing air is literally to force it into a smaller space and as a result bringing the molecules closer to each other. The energy that gets released when doing this is equal to the energy required to force the air into the smaller space. In other words, it stores the energy for future use.

Answer:

Alkalai B

Explanation:

B because its a weak alkali ie baking soda ph 8.3(sodium bicarbonate)which is used as a remeady of heartburns and stomach acids.

The standard reaction entropy of N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g) is -196.3 J/K·mol.

What do you mean by standard reaction entropy?

Standard reaction entropy (ΔS°) is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a chemical reaction at a constant temperature and pressure. It is defined as the change in the entropy of the system when a reaction occurs under standard conditions. The standard state for a substance is its pure form at a pressure of 1 bar and a temperature of 25°C (298 K).

The standard reaction entropy (ΔS°) of a reaction can be calculated using the standard molar entropies (S°) of the reactants and products. The formula to calculate the standard reaction entropy is:

ΔS° = ΣS° (products) - ΣS° (reactants)

To calculate the standard reaction entropy for the reaction: N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g)

S° (N2) = 191.8 J/K·mol

S° (H2) = 130.6 J/K·mol

S° (NH3) = 192.5 J/K·mol

ΔS° = [2(S° (NH3)) - (S° (N2) + 3(S° (H2))]

ΔS° = [2(192.5) - (191.8 + 3(130.6))] J/K·mol

ΔS° = -196.3 J/K·mol

Hence, the standard reaction entropy of N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g) is -196.3 J/K·mol.

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There are two properties that can be used to identify an element: the atomic number or the number of protons in an atom. The number of neutrons and number of electrons are frequently equal to the number of protons, but can vary depending on the atom in question.

Oxyfuel gas process is the most popular method used to cut metals. It involves burning oxygen and gas to melt the metal. The molten metal is then blown away by the compressed gas, resulting in a clean cut. The process is used on metals such as mild steel, cast iron, and wrought iron, to name a few.

Mild steel is the most popular type of metal cut with oxyfuel gas processes. The reason behind this is that it is the least expensive, making it perfect for low-cost jobs. The metal is also easy to weld, making it the go-to material for a wide range of construction applications. Cast iron is another type of metal that is commonly cut using oxyfuel gas processes. It is widely used in engine blocks, pipe fittings, and hydraulic equipment.

Finally, wrought iron is another type of metal that is commonly cut using oxyfuel gas processes. This metal is widely used in fences, gates, railings, and other ornamental structures. In conclusion, the oxyfuel gas process can cut a wide range of metals such as mild steel, cast iron, and wrought iron.

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The brain chemicals known as endorphins produce effects similar to opioids.

Opioids are a class of drugs that act on opioid receptors in the brain and produce pain relief, euphoria, and a sense of well-being.

Endorphins are natural neurotransmitters that are produced by the body in response to various stimuli, such as exercise, laughter, and certain foods.

When endorphins are released, they bind to opioid receptors in the brain, leading to feelings of pleasure and pain reduction. This is why endorphins are often referred to as the body's natural painkillers. Similar to opioids, endorphins can produce a sense of euphoria and an overall improvement in mood.

The release of endorphins is commonly associated with exercise. During physical activity, endorphins are released, which can result in a phenomenon known as the "runner's high." This is a feeling of euphoria and increased well-being that is often reported by long-distance runners.

In addition to exercise, other activities that can stimulate endorphin release include laughter, socializing, and certain types of foods, such as dark chocolate and spicy foods. These activities can promote feelings of happiness, relaxation, and pain relief, similar to the effects of opioids.

In summary, endorphins produce effects similar to opioids, including pain relief, euphoria, and an overall sense of well-being. They are natural chemicals produced by the body in response to various stimuli, such as exercise, laughter, and certain foods.

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The concentration of H3O+ is higher than all the other species in a 0.01 M solution of 1,4 butanedicarboxylic acid, HOOCCH2CH2COOH (Ka1=2.9x10^-5, Ka2=5.3x10^-6). The two Ka values given are Ka1=2.9x10^-5 and Ka2=5.3x10^-6. The compound in question, HOOCCH2CH2COOH, is a dibasic acid.

This means that the molecule has two acidic hydrogen atoms, one of which is more acidic than the other. To begin, we must determine the pH of a 0.01 M solution of the acid at equilibrium, given the Ka values. The pH of a weak acid solution can be determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]), where A- represents the conjugate base, and HA represents the acid.

The value of pKa for Ka1 is -log (2.9 x 10^-5), which is equal to 4.54. For Ka2, the pKa value is -log (5.3 x 10^-6), which is equal to 5.28. The pH is determined using the pKa value for Ka1:4.54 = -log(2.9 x 10^-5) = log ([A-]/[HA]) + log (0.01 M [HA])log ([A-]/[HA]) = 4.54 - log (0.01 M [HA])log ([A-]/[HA]) = 4.54 + 2 = 6.54[A-]/[HA] = 3.53 x 10^-7

The ratio of [A-]/[HA] is about 1:3000. Therefore, at equilibrium, the majority of the acid exists in its neutral form, with just a tiny amount of the anion species present.

In addition, the concentration of H3O+ ions present in a 0.01 M solution of HOOCCH2CH2COOH will be much higher than any other species since the solution is acidic and will have a high concentration of hydrogen ions. Hence, the concentration of H3O+ is higher than all the other species in a 0.01 M solution of 1,4 butanedicarboxylic acid.

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The length of the iron wire is 2077 cm.

We have to note that the length of the wire is the thing that we are supposed to obtain in this question. We must note that the density of the object is the ratio of the mass to the volume of the object.

In this case, we need to first find the area of the iron wire from;

A = πr^2

A = A rea of the circle

r = radius of the circle

A = 3.142 * (0.2 * 10^-1)^2

A = 1.3 * 10^-3 cm^2

Now;

Density = mass/volume

Volume = Mass/ Density

Volume = 21 g/7.87 g/cm³

= 2.7 cm^3

Then volume = Area * length

Length = Volume/Area

Length = 2.7 cm^3/ 1.3 * 10^-3

= 2077 cm

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this is the answer, but check the calculations first and see if it matches 0.300 mol/Ls

Absorption of a reactant at specific sites on the surface facilitates bond breaking, making it easier.

In many surface reactions, reactants adsorb onto specific sites on the surface, leading to the formation of intermediate species that are highly reactive and promote bond breaking.

This is due to the fact that the adsorption process enhances the interaction between the reactant and the surface, reducing the activation energy required for bond cleavage. Moreover, the orientation and proximity of the adsorbed reactant to other surface species can also play a role in facilitating bond breaking.

Thus, the ability of a reactant to adsorb on a surface and form intermediate species can significantly influence the kinetics and mechanism of surface reactions, ultimately impacting the overall rate and selectivity of the process.

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Answer:

1.2×1023 molecules.

hope it helps

Answer:

C.  There would be more places for new species to enter the ecosystem.

Explanation:

The Shipwrecks established artificial reefs that address the problem of a natural reef.

The artificial reefs provide a stable growing area for corals, and habitat for fishes and new organisms along with food sources that is found in natural reefs. This helps to increase the growth of marine life.

Hence, the correct answer is "C.  There would be more places for new species to enter the ecosystem."

Step 1 - Understanding the law of mass conservation

In physics, chemistry and biology the law of mass conservation states that no atom is created or destroyed, they are only rearranged in any given physical/chemical/biological process.

Therefore, if all atoms are preserved, the total mass of reactants and products is the same.

Step 2 - Answering the exercise

The melting of an ice cube is a physical process and, as such, is also subjected to the law of mass conservation. Therefore, if 10g of ice melt, 10g of water are produced.

Answer: 10.0g

Answer:

Humans have increased the greenhouse gasses found in the atmosphere.

Explanation:

Greenhouse gases help to keep in the heat from the sun keeping the planet's temperature at a level that can support life, but this natural greenhouse effect of Earth is been altered by human activities. For example, carbon dioxide levels in our atmosphere increase when fossil fuels like coal and oil are used. If more greenhouse gases are emitted into the atmosphere, more heat gets trapped. This heat causes the Earth's temperature to rise. If Earth's temperature rises, ice caps will melt changing the Antarctic Tundra biome.  (All of this is explained in the lesson).

"Humans have increased the greenhouse gasses found in the atmosphere" was the correct answer in my test. (edge). I got 100%.

I hope this helps others that are looking for this.

Here's a step to draw resonance structures in organic chemistry:

There must be genuine Lewis structures in every resonance structure. (Remember that all the guidelines that apply to Lewis structures still hold true here.) The only difference in resonance structures' atom connection and electron configuration. (Electrons move; atoms NEVER do.)

The electron count and net charge are identical for all resonance configurations. (An atom's formal charge may differ, but the net charge, which is the total of all charges, must be the same.)

Only electrons and lone pair electrons (NEVER move bonds!) can be transferred by employing one of the following three transformations to move electrons from a region with a greater electron density to one with a lower electron density:

To depict the motion of the electrons in the "original" resonance structure, use curved arrows. By following the arrows, the "new" resonance structure should be a "product" that is automatically created.

Determine the "new" structure's formal charge and note any non-zero formal charges.

example attached below

Only the electrons can move around in this example because there is only one link and no lone pairs. The low electron density region, or carbocation, is present next to the bond. As a result, it makes sense to transfer the electrons to the position next to the carbocation to create another bond, which results in the "new" structure. Here, the two resonance structures are identical.

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Answer:

1. Proton number is 9

2. Neutron number is 10

3. Electron number is 9

Explanation:

The following data were obtained from the question:

Atomic number = 9

Mass number = 19

1. Determination of the number of protons.

The atomic number of an element is simply the number of protons present in the atom of that element. Mathematically, it is expressed as:

Atomic number = proton number

Atomic number = 9

Proton number = atomic number = 9

Thus, the proton number is 9

2. Determination of the Neutron number.

Mass number = 19

Proton number = 9

Neutron number =?

Mass number = Proton + Neutron

19 = 9 + Neutron

Collect like terms

19 – 9 = Neutron

10 = Neutron

Thus, the Neutron number is 10.

3. Determination of the number of electrons.

Since the sample is made up of neutral atoms, the number of protons and electrons are equal i.e

Electron number = Proton number

Proton number = 9

Electron number = Proton number = 9

Thus, electron number is 9

Using the information given in the diagram, the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom of the Fluorine-19 sample are 9, 10 and 9 respectively.

Given :

The number of protons = Atomic number

Hence, the number of protons = 9

2).

Recall :

Substituting the values into the formula :

19 = 9 + neutron number

neutron number = 19 - 9

neutron number = 10

3.)

The number of electrons = proton number + charge

Since, the atom contains neutral atom, then charge = 0

Number of electrons = 9 + 0

Number of electrons = 9

Therefore, the Number of protons, neutrons and electrons are 9, 10 and 9 respectively.

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A discrete cellular structure composed of a neatly packaged DNA molecule is called a "chromosome."

Chromosomes are structures found within the nucleus of cells and are responsible for carrying the genetic information in the form of DNA. Each chromosome consists of a single, long DNA molecule tightly coiled and organized with proteins.

This packaging allows for the efficient storage, replication, and transmission of genetic material during cell division. Chromosomes are visible under a microscope during specific stages of cell division when they condense and become visible as distinct structures. In humans, each somatic cell typically contains 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs.

These chromosomes contain the genes that determine an individual's inherited traits and characteristics. Alterations or abnormalities in the structure or number of chromosomes can lead to genetic disorders and diseases. The study of chromosomes is essential in genetics and plays a crucial role in understanding heredity, genetic disorders, and evolutionary relationships between species.

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Answer:

When light hits CRY2, it changes shape and binds to its natural partner protein, known as CIB1. When light shines on the cells, the CRY2 protein binds to CIB1, which is floating in the cell. CIB1 brings along a gene activator, which initiates transcription, or the copying of DNA into mRNA.

Explanation:

41.7% is the percentage by mass of hydrogen (H) in lithium hydroxide (LiOH). The solution mixture is frequently defined in terms of mass percentage.

The mass percent might be used to denote a degree. Furthermore, it defines the element during a specific mixing. The solution mixture is frequently defined in terms of mass percentage. It represents the amount of solute contained in a mass m of solution.

The quantity of solutes can be stated in terms of mass or moles. We will study the percent by mass formula with numerous solved numerical examples in this post.

Mass percent = (component’s mass ÷ total mass) x 100%

                      = (1/ 23.95)x 100%

                     = 41.7%

Therefore, 41.7% is the percentage by mass of hydrogen (H) in lithium hydroxide (LiOH).

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The chemical equation for the reaction of Sn2(aq) to Sn4(aq) in an acidic or basic solution is:Sn2(aq) + 2e- → Sn4(aq)

What is the chemical equation for the reaction of Sn2(aq) to Sn4(aq) in an acidic or basic solution?

In this reaction, Sn2(aq) is being oxidized to Sn4(aq) by losing two electrons (2e-). The oxidation state of Sn increases from +2 to +4.

It's important to note that the phases of the substances involved in the reaction are not specified in the question.

However, based on the naming conventions, "(aq)" indicates that the substances are in aqueous solution, meaning they are dissolved in water.

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To reduce the danger of contamination in any product, it is essential to apply the proper hygiene standards and preventative measures. Contamination can happen through a variety of channels.

To avoid cross-contamination, it is essential to routinely clean and sterilise buildings and equipment, monitor and test water sources, and handle items correctly. It is feasible to lower the danger of contamination and assure the safety and quality of the product by practising proper hygiene and taking preventative measures.

The type of product and the probable sources of contamination, however, will determine the precise steps needed, therefore it is vital to take into account the particulars of each circumstance. It is possible to reduce the risk of contamination and assert the safety and quality of the product by practicing proper hygiene and taking preventative measures.

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An example are the emulsions used in the food industry.

One way someone could benefit from the non-separation of a colloid mixture is in the case of emulsions, which are a type of colloid mixture. Emulsions are mixtures of immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, stabilized by an emulsifying agent.

The non-separation of emulsions can be beneficial in various practical applications, such as the food Industry, where emulsions are commonly used in the food industry to create a wide range of products, including salad dressings, mayonnaise, sauces, and margarine. Emulsions provide desirable texture, appearance, and taste properties to these food products, and their non-separation allows for long shelf life and consistent quality.

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