5. Which task would be best accomplished in a field of engineering? A. Explaining how water travels up the tissues of a plant b. Predicting the outcome of mixing oxygen and hydrogen gases at high temperature c. Identifying the organisms that live in a liter of healthy soil d. Designing and building an artificial heart for the human circulatory system
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - d. Designing and building an artificial heart for the human circulatory system.
Explanation:
Engineers have various types of the field according to their skill and knowledge, bioengineers are also one of them, who design biomedical equipment and devices, artificial organs, or technical help in the biological field such as Designing and building an artificial heart for the human circulatory system.
Thus, the correct answer would be d. Designing and building an artificial heart for the human circulatory system.
Related Questions
Is a bird calls warning for prey a physical or behavioral adaptation?
Is an animals body temperature changing a physical or behavioral adaptation?
Is birds flying to high ground when they sense movement a physical or behavioral adaptation?
NO LINKS! NO PDF'S. Please, help ASAP!
Answers
which type of primate is associated with these traits: sectorial complex, y-5 or bilophodont molars, and postorbital closure.
Answers
The traits of sectorial complex, y-5 or bilophodont molars, and postorbital closure are associated with primates in the suborder Haplorhini, specifically the infraorder Simiiformes (simians or monkeys) and the superfamily Hominoidea (apes).
Carnivorous animals have a dental modification known as the sectorial complex, which transforms the lower first premolar into a cutting blade. This is evident in the suborder Haplorhini of primates, which includes apes and simians. For shearing difficult things like leaves, fruits, and insects, the sectorial complex is employed. The Y-5 or bilophodont molars are several molar kinds that are seen in humans, gorillas, and simians, and they are used for crushing and grinding food. While bilophodont molars have two ridges with four cusps grouped in two rows, Y-5 molars have five cusps placed in a Y-shape. Postorbital closure: In simians and apes, the bony ring that encircles the eye socket is fully developed. Postorbital closure is important for providing protection and support to the eye and associated muscles and is absent in most other mammals Overall, the combination of these traits indicates a specialized dentition and an enhanced visual system, which are important for the omnivorous and arboreal lifestyle of simians and apes.
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Suppose that you are starting a long-term study of a population of annual, flowering plants isolated on a small island. Reading some recent papers has convinced you that global warming will probably cause long-term changes in the amount of rain the island receives. Outline the observations and experiments you would need to do to document whether natural selection occurs in your study population over the course of your research. What traits would you measure, and why
Answers
The observations and experiments needed to study the effects of global warming and natural selection on a population of annual, flowering plants on a small island.
Suppose you are starting this long-term study, and you are aware that global warming could cause changes in rainfall patterns. To document whether natural selection occurs in your study population, follow these steps:
1. Baseline data collection: First, gather baseline data on the current plant population, including the distribution and abundance of different plant species, as well as their various traits. Important traits to measure could include size, number of flowers, flower color, root structure, and drought tolerance.
2. Monitor environmental conditions: Continuously monitor the island's temperature, rainfall, and other climatic factors. This will help you understand how global warming is affecting the environment and whether the rainfall patterns change over time.
3. Observe plant responses: Regularly observe and document changes in the plant population over the years, focusing on the traits previously measured. Pay special attention to any changes in the distribution and abundance of different species, as well as variations in the traits of individual plants.
4. Controlled experiments: Conduct controlled experiments in a greenhouse or growth chamber to test the effects of various rainfall conditions on the plant population. By manipulating rainfall levels, you can determine which plant traits are more adaptive under different rainfall conditions, helping you understand how natural selection might be acting on the population.
5. Data analysis: Analyze the data collected from your observations and experiments to determine if there are any correlations between changes in environmental conditions (e.g., rainfall patterns) and the plant population's traits. Look for evidence of natural selection, such as shifts in the distribution of traits or the prevalence of certain traits becoming more or less common over time.
By following these steps and focusing on traits relevant to the plant's survival under varying rainfall conditions, you can document whether natural selection occurs in your study population as a result of global warming's impact on rainfall patterns.
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jessie has elevated levels of triacylglycerides and fatty acids and normal levels of cholesterol. however, there is no evidence of ketone body formation. which statement best explains jessie's test results?
Answers
The statement which best explains Jessie's test results is b)She has elevated levels of triglycerides and fatty acids, because she recently ate a large meal. So, option b is correct.
A fatty substance (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester gotten from glycerol and three unsaturated fats (from tri-and glyceride).[1] Fatty oils are the fundamental constituents of muscle versus fat in people and different vertebrates, as well as vegetable fat. They are likewise present in the blood to empower the bidirectional transaction of fat and blood glucose from the liver, and are a significant part of human skin oils.
Many kinds of fatty substances exist. One explicit grouping centers around soaked and unsaturated sorts. Immersed fats have no C=C gatherings; unsaturated fats highlight at least one C=C gatherings. Unsaturated fats will generally have a lower melting point than immersed analogs; subsequently, they are in many cases fluid at room temperature.
Hence, option b is correct.
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(Complete question) is:
Jessie has elevated levels of triacylglycerides and fatty acids and normal levels of cholesterol. However, there is no evidence of ketone body formation. Which statement best explains Jessie's test results?
a)She has elevated levels of triglycerides and fatty acids, because she is obese.
b) She has elevated levels of triglycerides and fatty acids, because she recently ate a large meal.
c)She does not produce ketone bodies due to her athleticism
d)She does not produce ketone bodies because of her vegan diet.
e) She does not produce ketone bodies due to a metabolic impairment. MacBook Air
Q.18. During which period did the first trilobites appear?
a) Cambrian
b) Devonian
c) Silurian
d) Ordovician
Answers
Answer:
a) cambrian
Explanation:
The first body fossils of trilobites appeared in the Early Cambrian Period, about 540 million years ago.
Answer:
A. Cambrian period
Hope this helps :)
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life? *
A. having a nucleus
B. maintain homestasis
C. contain DNA & RNA
D. The respond to stimuli
Answers
Answer:
A. Having a nucleusExplanation:
Many organisms have nuclei, but certain types of one-celled prokaryotes and bacteria do not have one.
Answer:
D? im guessing cause we have not learned this yet
Explanation:
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
a. oxygen
b. high-energy sugars and starches.
C. ATP and oxygen .
d. oxygen and high-energy sugars and starches.
Answers
6CO2+6H2O-->C6H12O6+6O2
therefore the correct answer is d. oxygen and high-energy sugars and starches
Answer: The answer is D. oxygen and high-energy sugars and starches.
Explanation:
PLEASE answer all these questions if you can. 1 attempt for all
1.) Which of the following is true about prophase?
chromatin changes into chromosome form
all of the choice occur during prophase
chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
cytokinesis occurs
2.) Which of the following is true about metaphase?
chromatin changes into chromosome form
chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
all of the choice occur during metaphase
nucleolus disappears
3.) Which of the following describes the products of mitosis?
one cell identical to the parent
cell death
two unique cells
two daughter cells that have identical DNA to the parent
4.) What is the role of the spindle during cell division?
to separate the chromosomes
to break down the nuclear membrane
to divide the cell in half
to duplicate the DNA
5.) In what phase of mitosis are chromosomes first visible?
Interphase
Prophase
Telophase
Metaphase
6.) A centromere
holds two sister chromatids together
is an unduplicated chromosome
is half of a duplicated chromosome
forms the spindle fibers
7.) In which phase of meiosis would you see crossing over occur?
Anaphase I
Prophase I
Anaphase II
Prophase II
8.) Oogenesis produces __ viable cell/s, and spermatogenesis produces __ viable cell/s.
4, 2
4, 1
4, 4
1, 4
9) Haploid gametes produced in males are called sperm.
True
10.) Which of the following best describes a tetrad?
the spindle fibers at the end of telophase I
the four cells resulting from meiosis
homologous chromosomes during prophase I
tetrads are not present in meiosis, they are present mitosis
False
Answers
Answer:
1. a
2. b
3. d
4. a
5. b
6. d
7.b
8. im not sure abt this one, sry :(
9. yeah, true
10. c
Explanation:
Pro phase is the starting stage of the division where the cell division begins. Spindle fibers are broken into half and the type of division that is present in gametes is reduction division that is the meiosis. Synapsis occurs during mitosis.
What is synapsis ?It is defined as the stage in which the pairing of the homologous chromosomes take place.
Chromosomes do not line at the equator as the lining of the chromosomes at the equator occurs on the stage of mitosis where it is possible to see the V,J and L shapes of the paired chromosomes. After this stage the exchange of genetic material takes place.Chromatin do not change into chromosomes in the metaphase.
Mitosis is present only to make the duplicate copies of the cell. The identical daughter cells are made when the division of mitosis is taking place in the cell. Chromosomes are first visible in the prophase. A centromere holds two sister chromatids together.
In meiosis crossing over takes place in anaphase 1.
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The theory of endosymbiosis is based onA.evidence from the fossil record B.the knowledge that chloroplasts and mitochondria resemble bacteria C.similarities between chloroplasts and other organelles in animals D.the experiments in which bacteria were grown in plant cells and formed chloroplasts E.the knowledge that ribosomes are structures found in bacteria, plants, and animals
Answers
Endosymbiosis is the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent bacterial cells that were engulfed by another cell and began functioning as organelles within that cell.
Answer: B
Which molecule's function is to bind to proteins to serve as part of the enzyme unit of a ribosome?
Answers
The rRNA molecules in the ribosome control the catalytic stages of protein synthesis, which involve joining amino acids to form proteins. To represent this role, rRNA is frequently referred to as a ribozyme or catalytic RNA.
The ear canal is surrounded by hair follicles and glands that secrete cerumen, a waxy oil. On occasion, the glands produce more wax than the ear can effectively clear. Hearing might be obstructed by the excess wax if it hardens in the ear canal. The ear canal is surrounded by hair follicles and glands that secrete cerumen, a waxy oil. On occasion, the glands produce more wax than the ear can effectively clear. Hearing might be obstructed by the excess wax if it hardens in the ear canal. The ribosome contains three binding sites for transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules and one for mRNA. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules and various numbers of ribosomal proteins, respectively, make up the large and small ribosomal subunits.
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Air and water quality, climate, erosion, disease transmission, pest proliferation, and pollination are all examples of which category of ecosystem services, defined by the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment
Answers
Answer:
Regulating
Explanation:
According to Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, there are four major categories of ecosystem services. These services include:
1. Provisioning
2. Regulating
3. Supporting
4. Cultural
The Regulating category is the category that consists of Air and water quality - Purification, climate, erosion, disease transmission, and pest proliferation - Biological control, and pollination.
The ecosystem services are services or functions rendered by the natural environment that ensure the environment is sustainable and healthy for human use.
What are several reasons why apoptosis happens
Answers
Answer:
There are several reasons: it gets rid of cells that are not needed, in the way or potentially dangerous to the rest of the organism. "Cells that are not needed may never have had a function. In other cases, they may have lost their function, or they may have competed and lost out to other cells.
Explanation:
someone please help me ugh . ;0
Answers
some examples are
ecosystem, biosphere, organs
populations and cell .Also tissues
I hope this help
The growing solid waste problem is characterized by:
a. Increasing amounts of MSW
b. Increasing costs of tipping fees
c. Filling up and closing landfills in some areas of the U.S.
d. More garbage produced by developing countries
e. All of the above
Answers
The growing solid waste problem is characterized by: Increasing amounts of MSW, Increasing costs of tipping fees, Filling up and closing landfills in some areas of the U.S., More garbage produced by developing countries. The correct option is e.
The growing solid waste problem is characterized by all of the above factors:a. Increasing amounts of MSW: Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) refers to the waste generated by households, commercial establishments, and institutions. The solid waste problem is characterized by a continuous increase in the volume of MSW produced over time. This is a result of population growth, urbanization, and changes in consumption patterns.
b. Increasing costs of tipping fees: Tipping fees are charges imposed on waste disposal facilities, such as landfills or incinerators, for accepting and disposing of waste. As the volume of waste increases, the demand for waste disposal capacity also rises, leading to higher tipping fees. The growing solid waste problem is accompanied by increasing costs associated with waste disposal.
c. Filling up and closing landfills in some areas of the U.S.: Landfills are commonly used for the disposal of solid waste. However, due to the growing amounts of waste generated, many landfills are reaching their capacity and are being filled up. In some areas, land scarcity or environmental concerns may lead to the closure of landfills, exacerbating the solid waste problem and necessitating alternative waste management strategies.
d. More garbage produced by developing countries: Rapid economic development and population growth in developing countries often result in increased levels of consumption and waste generation. These countries may face challenges in implementing effective waste management systems, leading to higher quantities of garbage. This adds to the global solid waste problem, as waste management infrastructure and practices may be insufficient to handle the growing waste volumes.
These factors collectively contribute to the escalating solid waste problem, posing environmental, health, and economic challenges. To address this issue, sustainable waste management practices, such as waste reduction, recycling, composting, and the development of alternative disposal methods, are being emphasized to minimize the environmental impact of solid waste and promote resource conservation.
Thus, the correct option is e. All of the above.
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9. Write the chemical equation for the process of photosynthesis.
Answers
Answer:
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Explanation:
bam
1. List the different regions of the spinal
cord.
2. Which nerve fibers connect the sympathetic chain to
the spinal nerves?
3. What type of fluid is in the epidural
space?
(please answer all)
Answers
The different regions of the spinal cord are cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. White and gray rami communicantes connect the sympathetic chain to the spinal nerves. The fluid in the epidural space is epidural fluid or epidural fat.
The spinal cord can be divided into different regions, which include:
Cervical region: This region consists of the spinal cord segments located in the neck area (C1 to C8).
Thoracic region: It comprises the spinal cord segments in the chest area (T1 to T12).
Lumbar region: This region includes the spinal cord segments in the lower back area (L1 to L5).
Sacral region: It consists of the spinal cord segments in the pelvic area (S1 to S5).
Coccygeal region: This is the smallest region and consists of the spinal cord segment at the base of the spine (Co1).
The sympathetic chain, also known as the sympathetic trunk or ganglia, is a part of the autonomic nervous system. It is connected to the spinal nerves through two types of nerve fibers:
White rami communicantes: These nerve fibers are myelinated and connect the sympathetic chain ganglia to the spinal nerves at the thoracic and upper lumbar levels. They transmit preganglionic sympathetic fibers from the spinal cord to the sympathetic ganglia.
Gray rami communicantes: These nerve fibers are unmyelinated and connect the sympathetic chain ganglia to the spinal nerves at all levels of the spinal cord. They transmit postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the sympathetic ganglia back to the spinal nerves, which then distribute them to various target organs and tissues.
The epidural space is the region outside the dura mater (the tough outermost membrane surrounding the spinal cord). It contains a type of fluid called epidural fluid or epidural fat. This fluid is primarily composed of adipose tissue (fat) and provides cushioning and protection to the spinal cord and nerve roots within the spinal canal. The epidural space is an important area for medical interventions, such as epidural anesthesia or epidural steroid injections, which involve the administration of medication into this space to provide pain relief or reduce inflammation.
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a eukaryotic cell has the following characteristics except for ______
A. Prominent nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Cell wall and cell mebarane
D. Single circular chromosome
Answers
Answer:
D.singular circular chromosome
Explanation:
a eukaryotic cell has a nucleus whilst prokaryotic doesn't, whcih means the DNa is not housed and is built in a single circular strand. eukayotes have chromasomes or strands of dna
which of the following is a slow moving nutrient
A. oxygen
B. phosphorus
C. hydrogen
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Slow moving nutrients include Nitrogen and Phosphorus.
Answer:
B. phosphorus
Explanation: Phosphorus moves slowly from deposits on land and in sediments, to living organisms, and then much more slowly back into the soil and water sediment. Phosphorus cycle is the slowest of all nutrient cycles.
iii) Give one species of bacteria each that are beta, alpha, or gamma hemophilic
iv) mention two organisms each that can be cultured on:
a) Blood agar
b) MacConkey
c) Chocolate agar
d) CLED
Answers
iii) Species of bacteria that are beta, alpha, or gamma hemophilic are as follows:
Beta-hemophilic bacteria:
Haemophilus influenzae. Alpha-hemophilic bacteria: Streptococcus pneumoniae. Gamma-hemophilic bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
iv) The organisms that can be cultured on different agars are:
Blood agar: Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus.
MacConkey: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Chocolate agar: Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis.
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During the cell division process, Sulfolobus segregates its chromosomes in a manner similar to bacteria, and performs cytokinesis in a manner similar to that of eukaryotes. (T/F)
Answers
True. Sulfolobus segregates its chromosomes in a manner similar to bacteria by using a protein called ParB, and performs cytokinesis in a manner similar to eukaryotes by using a contractile ring made of actin-like proteins. This process has been studied and there is a detailed explanation available in scientific literature.
Sulfolobus is an archaeon, which is a microorganism that shares characteristics with both bacteria and eukaryotes. During cell division, Sulfolobus segregates its chromosomes in a manner similar to bacteria, as both use a process called binary fission. Additionally, Sulfolobus performs cytokinesis in a manner similar to eukaryotes, involving the formation of a contractile ring that pinches the cell in two, just as eukaryotic cells do during cell division.
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Once you print, cut all the pieces apart. Then reassemble the puzzle so the the definition backs up with the card that has the term. So if one card says: double helix, the card that matches with it would say: the shape of DNA.
Answers
DNA replication is the process through which DNA duplicates. It occurs in the interphase and involves different enzymes, DNA molecules, and free nucleotides. Terms and definitions in the attached files.
What is DNA replication?
DNA replication is the process through which DNI molecule duplicates. This event takes place during the S stage of the interphase. So when the cell divides during mitosis or meiosis, each cell will get a complete set of chromosomes.
DNI replication is semi-conservative because each new molecule carries an original DNI strand and a new one. The fact that the new molecule is composed of an original strand makes it semi-conservative. The old existing strands are used to synthesize the new complementary strand.
The origin of the replication requires helicase enzymes to break hydrogen bonds and separate the two original strands. The topoisomerase enzyme is necessary to release tension. Other proteins are also needed to join the strains and keep them separated. Once the molecule is opened, there is a region named replication forks. DNA polymerase makes the new nucleotides enter into the fork and pairs them with the corresponding nucleotide of the original strand. Adenine pairs timine, and cytosine pairs guanine.
DNA strands are antiparallel, and replication occurs only in 5'-3' direction. So one of the strands will replicate continuously, while the other strain will be formed by short fragments known as Okazaki fragments.
Primers are needed to make the DNA polymerase work. Primers are small units of RNA and are placed at the beginning of each new fragment.
In the attached files you will find the terms and their definitions.
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x Johnny is looking at cells taken from plant roots. Which organelle that is
usually found in all plant cells is he not likely to find? *
cell wall
plasma membrane
nucleus
chloroplasts
x Given a situation where a cell had a 17% solution outside the cell and a 12%
Answers
Answer:
They will be pamned
Explanation:
ytryeryryryr
How do organisms get the energy they need? Choose the correct answer. Plants get energy from fertilizers. Animals get energy from water. Plants get energy from the soil. Animals get energy directly from sunlight. Plants do not need energy because they do not move. Animals get energy from food. Plants use energy from sunlight to make sugar molecules. Animals get energy from eating other organisms.
Answers
Answer:
If you are allowed multiple answers, I would choose: Plants use energy from sunlight to make sugar molecules. and Animals get energy from food.
Explanation:
Plants undergo photosynthesis, which uses sunlight to produce glucose, used for energy. Animals use food for energy, after digestion where the proteins and other valuable molecules from the food are used for reactions in the body.
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) and botulinum toxin (BTX) are two neurotoxins that causes paralysis. What is(are) the underlying mechanism(s)? a) Both block the voltage-gated Na+ channels to inhibit the firing of
Answers
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) and botulinum toxin (BTX) are two neurotoxins that cause paralysis. The underlying mechanisms are given below:a) Both block the voltage-gated Na+ channels to inhibit the firing of action potentials.
Both tetrodotoxin (TTX) and botulinum toxin (BTX) block voltage-gated Na+ channels to inhibit the firing of action potentials, which results in paralysis. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that is found in pufferfish, whereas botulinum toxin (BTX) is produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum.
Both neurotoxins inhibit the release of neuro transmitters from nerve endings in muscles. TTX inhibits the release of acetylcholine (ACh) by blocking voltage-gated Na+ channels in the axons of nerve cells that supply the muscles. Botulinum toxin (BTX) prevents the release of ACh from nerve endings by blocking the docking of vesicles containing ACh with the plasma membrane of the nerve ending. As a result, muscle contraction is prevented, leading to paralysis.
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All of these molecules are involved with protein synthesis except —
A. PGAL
B. tRNA
C. mRNA
D. DNA
Answers
What are the major components of the bases in a nucleotide?
Answers
The components of a nucleotide are a simple sugar (either pyrimidine in RNA or ribonucleic acid in DNA), a phosphate group, and a base that contains nitrogen.
Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine are the bases that are used in DNA (T). The ground uracil (U) replaces thymine in RNA.
The constituent parts of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are called nucleotides. Purines and pyrimidines are the two main groups of nitrogenous bases, which make up the majority of the outposts in a nucleotide.
Noble gases and nitrogenous bases make up the double-ring structure of purines, which are bigger molecules. Nucleotides contain the uracil nitrogenous bases adenine (A) and guanine (G).
Atoms and nitrogen base make up the single-ring structure of pyrimidines, which are smaller molecules. Nucleotides contain the pyrimidine nitrogenous bases cytosine (C), thymine (T) in DNA, and uracil (U) in RNA.
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You test a strain of bacteria, Strain X with an antibiotic and all of the bacteria are killed. Overnight there is an accident
and your bacteria strain is mixed with another strain, Strain Y, known to be antibiotic resistant. You separate them out
again and perform the same antibiotic test on Strain X again, but this time a few survive. What probably happened?
A. Mixing with the other strain dissolved the capsule on some of the bacteria, allowing them to survive.
B. Bacteria can't transfer anything to each other, it was a coincidence.
C. When they mixed, some of the bacteria from strain X obtained plasmids from strain Y, these plasmids gave them DNA that allowed
them to resist the antibiotic.
D. Some of the bacteria from strain X engulfed the strain Y bacteria, taking their resistance to antibiotics.
Answers
Answer: C. When they mixed, some of the bacteria from strain X obtained plasmids from strain Y, these plasmids gave them DNA that allowed them to resist the antibiotic.
Explanation:
Conjugation is a mode of sexual reproduction used by some strains of bacteria to reproduce. In this the bacteria transfers the genetic material to another bacteria through direct contact. In this one bacteria act as a donor and another one act as a recipient.
The strain X which was affected by the antibiotic might have mixed with the strain Y, as a result of this strain X being not resistant with the antibiotic died. But when this bacterial strain got mixed with the strain Y, which is antibiotic resistant. The strain X might received the antibiotic resistant property from strain Y through sexual reproduction by the mode of conjugation. In this plasmid DNA transfer from strain Y to strain X, helped strain X to develop antibiotic resistance, and further helped strain X to survive.
How long does the repair stage last in bone healing?
How does it last like some years what time
Answers
Answer:
it depends on the type of injury people usually stop feeling pain long before the broken bone has healed such as a fractured bone can take up to 6-8 weeks
Explanation:
Answer:
Repairing or reparative phrase begins within the 1st few days after the bone fracture last for about 6 to 8 weeks. During this time, the body develops cartilage tissue in and around the fracture site. Children's bones normally heal faster than adults.
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in corn normal kernels are dominant to waxy kernels.if you crossed a waxy kernel plant to a heterozygous normal plant what type of seeds would be produced?
Answers
The genotype of the seeds that will be produced are as follows:
Nn (2) - normal kernel seedsnn (2) - waxy kernel seedsWHAT IS GENETIC CROSS?According to this question, a gene coding for kernel shape is involved. Normal kernel (W) is dominant over waxy kernel (w).
If a waxy kernel plant (ww) is crossed with a heterozygous normal (Ww) plant as follows: Ww × ww, the following offsprings will be produced:
WwWwwwwwTherefore, the genotype of the seeds that will be produced are as follows:
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6. SpongeBob's mother is so proud of her son and his new wife, SpongeSusie, as they are expecting a little
sponge. She knows that they have a 50% chance of having a little roundpants, but is also hoping the new
arrival will be blue (a recessive trait) like SpongeSusie and many members of her family. If SpongeBob is
heterozygous for his vellow body color, what are the chances that the baby sponge will be blue? Use the
Punnett square to help you answer this question.
Answers
The probability of the baby sponge being homozygous recessive blue (ss) is 1/4 or 25%.
What are the chances that the baby sponge will be blue?The Punnett square for this scenario is given below
Y y
---|--------
S | Yy Yy
s | ys ys
In this Punnett square, the capital Y represents the dominant allele for yellow body color, and the lowercase s represents the recessive allele for blue body color.
SpongeBob is heterozygous for yellow body color, meaning he carries one dominant Y allele and one recessive s allele. SpongeSusie is homozygous recessive for blue body color, meaning she has two copies of the recessive s allele.
To determine the chances of the baby sponge being blue, we need to look at the possible combinations of alleles that the offspring could inherit from each parent. There are four possible combinations:
YY (yellow body color)
Ys (yellow body color)
sY (yellow body color)
ss (blue body color)
The probability of each combination occurring is:
YY: 1/2 (50% chance of inheriting a Y allele from each parent)
Ys: 1/2 (50% chance of inheriting a Y allele from SpongeBob and an s allele from SpongeSusie)
sY: 1/2 (50% chance of inheriting an s allele from SpongeBob and a Y allele from SpongeSusie)
ss: 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 (50% chance of inheriting an s allele from each parent)
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