At the bottom of the tank :
P = ρgH
P = (1000 kg/m³)(10 m/s²)(1 m)
P = 10000 N/m²
F = P • A
F = (10000 N/m²)(1 m²)
F = 10000 N
At the side of the tank :
Pav = ½ρgH
Pav = ½(1000 kg/m³)(10 m/s²)(1 m)
Pav = 5000 N/m²
F = P • A
F = (5000 N/m²)(1 m²)
F = 5000 N
If the pressure gage reading at a is 60 kpa, determine the pressure in pipe b and the pressure head, in millimeters of mercury
A pressure gauge reading of 60 kPa at point A, we need to determine the pressure in pipe B and the pressure head in millimeters of mercury.
The pressure in pipe B, we need to consider the concept of static pressure in a fluid system. Assuming the fluid is incompressible and the pipe is at the same level, the pressure at point A will be equal to the pressure at point B. Therefore, the pressure in pipe B will also be 60 kPa.
To convert the pressure to millimeters of mercury (mmHg), we can use the conversion factor that 1 kPa is equivalent to 7.50062 mmHg. Multiplying the pressure in kPa by this conversion factor, we get:
Pressure in mmHg = 60 kPa × 7.50062 mmHg/kPa
Calculating the expression, we find:
Pressure in mmHg ≈ 450.04 mmHg
Therefore, the pressure in pipe B is also 60 kPa, and the pressure head is approximately 450.04 mmHg.
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The removal of coal that is not close to earths surface through a horizontal opening in the side of a hill or mountain is called
The acceleration of an object is ____________________ related to the net force exerted upon it and _____________________ related to the mass of the object.
The acceleration of an object is directly related to the net force exerted upon it and inversely related to the mass of the object.
answer : directly , inversely
TRUE OR FALSE!!!!!
PLEASE HELP
Igneous rock is formed by volcanoes releasing magma from the mantle, the rock cools and piles up forming a mountain. Rivers direct water to cool magma underground forming metamorphic rock under lake beds.
Answer:
true
Explanation:
this is true, igneous rocks are formed from molten lava when it cools
Answer: True
Explanation:
An elaborate pulley consists of four identical balls at the ends of spokes extending out from a rotating drum. A box is connected to a light, thin rope wound around the rim of the drum. When it is released from rest, the box acquires a speed V after having fallen a distance d. Now the four balls are moved inward closer to the drum, and the box is again released from rest. After it has fallen a distance d, will its speed be equal to V, greater than V, or less than V? Show or explain why.
Answer:
its speed will be less than V
Explanation:
When the ball falls a distance d, its final kinetic energy plus rotational kinetic energy of the drum equals its initial potential energy.
K = U
With its speed V at the end of d, we have
1/2mV² + 1/2Iω² = mgd where I = rotational inertia of drum and balls, ω = angular speed of drum and balls and m = mass of box
1/2mV² + 1/2Iω² = mgd
1/2mV² = mgd - 1/2Iω²
V² = [2(mgd - 1/2Iω²)/m]
V = √[2(mgd - 1/2Iω²)/m]
When the four balls are moved inward closer to the drum, their rotational inertia increases and also its angular speed which thus causes an increase in rotational kinetic energy. But, since the box still falls the same distance of d, its final kinetic energy plus rotational kinetic energy of the drum plus balls still equals its initial potential energy
K = U
I' = new rotational inertia of drum and balls, ω' = new angular speed of drum and balls
With its new speed is now V' at the end of d,
1/2mV'² + 1/2I'ω'² = mgd
1/2mV'² = mgd - 1/2I'ω'²
V² = [2(mgd - 1/2I'ω'²)/m]
V' = √[2(mgd - 1/2I'ω'²)/m]
Since I' and ω' increase, the rotational kinetic energy of the drum and balls (1/2I'ω'²) increases. Thus, the difference (mgd - 1/2I'ω'²) < (mgd - 1/2Iω²) which implies that the kinetic energy of the box decreases. Hence, since its kinetic energy decreases, its speed V' also decreases.
So, V' < V
So, its speed will be less than V.
INSTRUCTION: Refer your TWO answers in diagram/picture above with explanation please
>Which combination of elements would likely form a covalent bonds?
a. W and Y
b. Y and Z
c. V and W
d. X and Y
>Which combination of elements would likely form a covalent bonds?
a. V and Z
b. Z and W
c. V and Y
d. Y and X
#Nonsense=Report
#1
W and Y
Y has 6electrons-->2electrons to complete octet.W has 2electrons-->6electrons to complete octet.Look at the attachment 1 for structure
#2
Z and V
V needs 7electrons to complete octet.Z needs 1 electron to complete octet.Look at the attachment 2 for structure
If you get too many fouls, you may not be able to play in the rest of the game.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
In the NBA that's true
Two cars are moving in the same direction. If the velocity of the first car is 55m/s & that of the second car is 40 m/s, calculate the relative velocity of the first car second car. If they were moving in the opposite direction, what would be the relative with respect to the velocity? Calculate.
(a) The relative velocity of the second car with respect to the first car is -15 m/s.
(b) The relative velocity of the second car with respect to the first car is 95 m/s when they are moving in opposite directions.
What is the relative velocity of the cars?When two objects are moving in the same direction, the relative velocity of the second object with respect to the first object is the difference between their velocities:
Relative velocity = Velocity of the second car - Velocity of the first car
Relative velocity = 40 m/s - 55 m/s
Relative velocity = -15 m/s
When the two cars are moving in opposite directions, the relative velocity of the second car with respect to the first car is the sum of their velocities:
Relative velocity = Velocity of the first car + Velocity of the second car
Relative velocity = 55 m/s + 40 m/s
Relative velocity = 95 m/s
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A cyclist slows down from 8m/s to 2m/s in 3 seconds. What is the
acceleration?
Answer:
a=2ms⁻²
Explanation:
v=8ms⁻¹ u=2ms⁻¹ t=3secs
a=\(\frac{v-u}{t\\}\)
a=\(\frac{6}{3}\)
a=2ms⁻²
Answer:
a=2ms-2
Explanation:
hope this helped
stellar equillibrium is a balance netween what two things
Stellar equilibrium is a balance between Outward pressure and inward gravity.
As long as a balance is maintained between the gravity that pulls the star inwards and the pressure that pushes it outwards, the stars are fine. During most of a star's life, its internal heat and radiation are provided by nuclear reactions in the star's core. Star balance refers to the balance of forces that exist within a star.
Stars are composed of helium gas and hydrogen gas constantly undergoing nuclear reactions in their core. The pressure of these reactions pushes out of the star. At the same time gravity is pushing the star. At the main-sequence stage of stellar evolution, the outward-pushing radiation pressure and the inward-pushing gravitational pressure are precisely balanced. In a stable star, the pressure of gas pushing away from the center is the same as the gravitational force pulling atoms toward the center.
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PLZ HELP, GIVING BRAINLIEST!!
A student uses a 320 Hz tuning fork during a lab investigation into the speed of sound. If the air temperature in the classroom is 20 degrees Celsius, what is the wavelength of the sound waves produced by the tuning fork?
A. 1.07 m
B. 3.43 m
C. 0.933 m
D. 343 m
E. 343 m
Answer:343m
Explanation:
A 10 kg-shopping cart is being pushed with a net force of 18 N, what is the acceleration
of the cart?
Answer:
180m/s²
Explanation:
A = Fm
A = 18(10)
A = 180m/s²
no atomic ___ is a picture of an atom but only helps explain the ___ of one
No atomic model is a picture of an atom but only helps explain the behavior of one
What is the atom?We know that the atom is the smallest particle of a substance that is able to take part in a chemical reaction. We know that in the atom there are certain smaller particles that we can be able to refer to as the subatomic particles.
In this case, we are talking about the different models that we can be able to use to show the atom. None of these models can be said to show the atom exactly but can approximate how the atom behaves.
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Sally and sam were building simple circuits in science class. they used d-cell batteries as an energy source. what kind of energy is found in batteries? question 1 options: potential light energy potential elastic energy potential chemical energy potential electrical energy
Answer:
option 3 potential chemical energy
If a paper airplane has a forward velocity of 2 m/s, but air resistance has a velocity of 1 m/s acting against the paper airplane, then what is the resultant forward velocity of the paper airplane?
Answer:
F_{resultant} = 1 [m/s]
Explanation:
These types of problems can be solved by means of relative velocities, where vectors (forces or velocities) are necessarily handled, these velocities depending on the velocity are added or subtracted.
Forces to the right are taken as positive and negative to the left.
\(F_{velocity}-F_{air}=F_{resultant}\\2-1 = F_{resultant}\\\\F_{resultant} = 1 [m/s]\)
A hunter shoots a 500 g arrow at a 2.0 kg bird perched on a tall tree growing on flat, level ground. The arrow is launched from ground level with a speed of 40 m/s at an angle of 30 degrees above the horizon. It is traveling horizontally when it strikes and embeds in the bird. How far from the base of the tree do the bird and the arrow land
Answer:
The bird and the arrow are 84.621 meters far from the hunter.
Explanation:
The arrow experiments of a parabolic motion, which is the combination of horizontal motion at constant velocity and vertical uniform accelerated motion. The arrow strikes the bird when it reaches its maximum height. First, we determined the time taken by the arrow before striking the bird:
\(v = v_{o}\cdot \sin \theta + g\cdot t\) (1)
Where:
\(v_{o}\) - Initial speed of the arrow, in meters per second.
\(v\) - Final speed of the arrow, in meters per second.
\(\theta\) - Launch angle, in sexagesimal degrees.
\(g\) - Gravitational acceleration, in meters per square second.
\(t\) - Time, in seconds.
If we know that \(v_{o} = 40\,\frac{m}{s}\), \(\theta = 30^{\circ}\), \(g = -9.807\,\frac{m}{s^{2}}\), \(v = 0\,\frac{m}{s}\), then the time taken by the arrow is:
\(t = \frac{v-v_{o}\cdot \sin \theta}{g}\)
\(t = \frac{0\,\frac{m}{s}-\left(40\,\frac{m}{s}\right)\cdot \sin 30^{\circ} }{-9.807\,\frac{m}{s^{2}} }\)
\(t = 2.039\,s\)
And the initial horizontal distance of the arrow (\(x_{i}\)) is determined by this kinematic formula:
\(x_{i} = (v_{o}\cdot \cos \theta)\cdot t\) (2)
If we know that \(v_{o} = 40\,\frac{m}{s}\), \(\theta = 30^{\circ}\) and \(t = 2.039\,s\), then the initial horizontal distance is:
\(x_{i} = \left[\left(40\,\frac{m}{s} \right)\cdot \cos 30^{\circ}\right]\cdot (2.039\,s)\)
\(x_{i} = 70.633\,m\)
There is an inelastic collision between the arrow and the bird, the initial velocity of the bird-arrow system is:
\(v = \frac{m_{A}\cdot v_{o}\cdot \cos \theta}{m_{A}+m_{B}}\) (3)
Where:
\(v\) - Initial velocity of the bird-arrow system, in meters per second.
\(m_{A}\) - Mass of the arrow, in kilograms.
\(m_{B}\) - Mass of the bird, in kilograms.
If we know that \(m_{A} = 0.5\,kg\), \(m_{B} = 2\,kg\), \(v_{o} = 40\,\frac{m}{s}\) and \(\theta = 30^{\circ}\), then the initial velocity of the bird-arrow system is:
\(v = \frac{(0.5\,kg)\cdot \left(40\,\frac{m}{s} \right)\cdot \cos 30^{\circ}}{0.5\,kg + 2\,kg}\)
\(v = 6.928\,\frac{m}{s}\)
And the maximum height reached by the arrow (\(y\)), in meters, is:
\(y = y_{o} + (v_{o}\cdot \sin \theta)\cdot t +\frac{1}{2}\cdot g\cdot t^{2}\) (4)
Where \(y_{o}\) is the initial height of the arrow, in meters.
If we know that \(y_{o} = 0\,m\), \(v_{o} = 40\,\frac{m}{s}\), \(\theta = 30^{\circ}\), \(g = -9.807\,\frac{m}{s^{2}}\) and \(t = 2.039\,s\), then the maximum height reached by the arrow is:
\(y = 0\,m + \left(40\,\frac{m}{s} \right)\cdot (2.039\,s)\cdot \sin 30^{\circ} +\frac{1}{2}\cdot \left(-9.807\,\frac{m}{s^{2}}\right)\cdot (2.039\,s)^{2}\)
\(y = 20.394\,m\)
Time needed by the bird-arrow system to land is determined by this expression based on (4):
\(y = y_{o} + (v_{o,y})\cdot t +\frac{1}{2}\cdot g\cdot t^{2}\)
If we know that \(y_{o} = 20.394\,m\), \(y = 0\,m\), \(v_{o,y} = 0\,\frac{m}{s}\) and \(g = -9.807\,\frac{m}{s^{2}}\), then the time needed to land is:
\(0\,m = 20\,m + \left(0\,\frac{m}{s} \right)\cdot t + \frac{1}{2}\cdot \left(-9.807\,\frac{m}{s^{2}} \right)\cdot t^{2}\)
\(t = 2.019\,s\)
And the horizontal distance travelled by the bird-arrow system (\(x_{ii}\)), in meters, is calculated from a formula based on (2):
\(x_{ii} = v_{o, x}\cdot t\)
If we know that \(v_{o,x} = 6.928\,\frac{m}{s}\) and \(t = 2.019\,s\), then the distance travelled by the bird-arrow system is:
\(x_{ii} = \left(6.928\,\frac{m}{s} \right)\cdot (2.019\,s)\)
\(x_{ii} = 13.988\,m\)
The final distance of the bird-arrow system from the hunter is:
\(x = x_{i} + x_{ii}\)
\(x = 70.633\,m + 13.988\,m\)
\(x = 84.621\,m\)
The bird and the arrow are 84.621 meters far from the hunter.
For a sled sliding down a frictionless slope with a constant inclination, the acceleration of the sled is?
The acceleration of the sled is, the acceleration is equal to the acceleration of gravity multiplied by the sine of the angle for a frictionless incline of degree.
How fast is an inclined plane without friction moving?The acceleration is equal to the acceleration of gravity multiplied by the sine of the angle for a frictionless incline of degree.The measure of the force applied by any surface is its acceleration. The motion is stopped on the frictionless surface by the friction force, which is meant to do so. Acceleration on frictionless surfaces is equal to zero since the net forces acting on the body are eliminated.The sine of the incline angle, (), determines how quickly something accelerates. The angle of inclination equals 90° when sin is equal to 1. It's the same as falling freely. The slope of the acceleration vs sin graph can then be used to calculate the acceleration during free fall.To learn more about acceleration refer to:
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11. A man lifts a weight of 300 N through a
vertical height of 2 m in 6 seconds. What
power does he develop?
Explanation:
Weight=force=300N
height=2m
time=6seconds
power=?
now,
power (p)=f×h÷t
power=300×2÷6
power=100w
therefore,A man develops 100 watt power in 6 seconds.
A car travels with 214j of force at a speed of 32mph. that means it has a mass of kg.
The information given in the question is not sufficient to determine the mass of the car. Force (F) is given in joules (J), which is a unit of energy, and cannot be directly used to determine the mass of the car.
Additionally, speed (v) is given in miles per hour (mph), which is not a standard unit in the SI system of units.
To calculate the mass of the car, we need either the acceleration or the time for which the force is applied. Once we have either of these values, we can use the equation:
F = ma
where F is the force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration.
We also need to convert the speed from mph to m/s, which is the standard unit of velocity in the SI system. To do this, we can use the conversion factor:
1 mph = 0.44704 m/s
So, 32 mph = 32 × 0.44704 = 14.33168 m/s
Without additional information about the acceleration or time, we cannot calculate the mass of the car. Mass is a fundamental physical quantity that measures the amount of matter in an object. It is typically measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g). Mass is distinct from weight, which is the force exerted on an object due to gravity.
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Differences between Pascal's Law & Law of flotation
Answer:
Pascal's principle states that pressure increases by the same amount throughout an enclosed or confined fluid. Archimedes' principle states that the buoyant force acting on a submerged object is equal to the weight of the volume of fluid displaced by the object.
the diagram shows a basic hydraulic system which has a small piston and a large piston with cross-sectional areas of 0.005m² and 0.1m² respectively. A force of 20 N is applied to the small piston. Determine (a) the pressure transmitted in the hydraulic fluid (b) the mass of the load
The pressure transmitted in the hydraulic fluid is 4000 Pa and the mass of the load is 40.82 kg.
To determine the pressure transmitted in the hydraulic fluid, we can use the formula:
Pressure = Force / Area
Given that a force of 20 N is applied to the small piston and the cross-sectional area of the small piston is 0.005 m², we can calculate the pressure as follows:
Pressure = 20 N / 0.005 m²
Pressure = 4000 Pa
Therefore, the pressure transmitted in the hydraulic fluid is 4000 Pa.
To determine the mass of the load, we need to consider the equilibrium of forces in the hydraulic system. The force applied to the small piston is transmitted to the larger piston. Since the system is in equilibrium, the force exerted by the larger piston must balance the force applied to the small piston.
Using the formula:
Force = Pressure × Area
The force exerted by the larger piston can be calculated as follows:
Force = Pressure × Area (large piston)
Force = 4000 Pa × 0.1 m²
Force = 400 N
Therefore, the force exerted by the larger piston is 400 N.
Since force is equal to mass multiplied by acceleration (F = m × a), and the acceleration due to gravity is approximately 9.8 m/s², we can calculate the mass of the load:
400 N = mass × 9.8 m/s²
Solving for the mass:
mass = 400 N / 9.8 m/s²
mass ≈ 40.82 kg
Therefore, the mass of the load is approximately 40.82 kg.
The question was incomplete. find the full content below:
The diagram shows a basic hydraulic system which has a small piston and a large piston with cross-sectional areas of 0.005m² and 0.1m² respectively. A force of 20 N is applied to the small piston. Determine (a) the pressure transmitted in the hydraulic fluid (b) the mass of the load
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The process of cytokinesis is different in plant and animal cells. What structure is needed for a plant cell to go through cytokinesis?
Answer:
Cytokinesis occurs differently in animal and plant cells. In animal cells, the plasma membrane of the parent cell pinches inward along the cell's equator until two daughter cells form. In plant cells, a cell plate forms along the equator of the parent cell.
Explanation:
what is meant by pressure?write its unit.
Answer:
Pressure is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed
Unit: Pascal (Pa)
1Pa = 1N/m^2
Performance task in Science ( answer in one whole paper) ESSAY TYPE
We already discuss the factors, by which butterflies has only 2% survival in the environment? What do you think the causes the these catterpillars died? And as a grade students, how will you able to help them protect and reproduce/propagate?
Answer:
Explanation:
There are several factors that contribute to the low survival rate of butterflies in the environment. One major factor is habitat loss. As human populations grow and urban areas expand, natural habitats such as forests and meadows are often destroyed or modified, leading to a loss of habitat for butterflies and other wildlife.
Another factor that can contribute to the low survival rate of butterflies is the use of pesticides and other chemicals in agriculture and other industries. These chemicals can be harmful to butterflies and other insects, and they can also have negative impacts on the plants that butterflies rely on for food and shelter.
Climate change is also a factor that can impact the survival of butterflies. Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns can affect the growth and development of butterflies and their habitats.
As grade students, there are a number of ways that we can help protect and reproduce/propagate butterflies:
Learn about the importance of butterflies and their role in the environment. This can help us understand the value of these insects and the need to protect them.
Participate in conservation efforts, such as habitat restoration or habitat creation projects. These efforts can help provide a safe and suitable home for butterflies.
Plant native flowers and plants that provide food and shelter for butterflies. This can help create a habitat that is attractive to these insects.
Avoid using pesticides and other chemicals that can be harmful to butterflies and other insects. Instead, use natural pest control methods such as traps or predators.
Educate others about the importance of butterflies and the steps that we can take to protect them. This can help spread the message and encourage more people to get involved in conservation efforts.
By taking these steps, we can help protect and reproduce/propagate butterflies, and we can contribute to the overall health and well-being of the environment.
The factors which are affecting the death of caterpillars are the use of chemicals in agriculture, climate change, and habitat loss, to protect them we have to increase the habitat and use less amount of chemicals and pesticides.
What is caterpillar?A little mammal that feeds on plant leaves and has numerous legs. The caterpillar later transforms into a butterfly or moth (a winged insect).
The low percentage of butterfly survival in the environment is caused by a number of causes. Loss of habitat is a significant factor. Natural ecosystems like woods and meadows are frequently destroyed or altered as human populations rise and urban areas increase, resulting in a loss of habitat for butterflies and other wildlife.
The use of pesticides and other pesticides in agriculture and other industries is another reason that can be contributing to the low survival rate of butterflies. These compounds have the potential to harm butterflies and other insects, as well as the plants that butterflies depend on for food and refuge.
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According to the graph of displacement vs. time, what is the object's velocity at a displacement of 0.2 meters?
According to the graph of displacement vs. time, the object's velocity is 0.02 m/s
What is displacement?The displacement is the shortest distance travelled by the particle. It is the vector quantity which re[presents both the magnitude and direction.
Velocity is the time rate of change of displacement with time.
Given is the displacement 0.2 m and time taken is 10s. So, the velocity is
v = 0.2/10
v = 0.02 m/s
Thus, the object's velocity is 0.02 m/s
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extra credit: of the scientists listed below, who first disproved the notion that forces are required to maintain motion?
Sir Isaac Newton first disproved the notion that forces are required to maintain motion by introducing the concept of inertia in his first law of motion.
The scientist who first disproved the notion that forces are required to maintain motion is Sir Isaac Newton. Newton's first law of motion, also known as the law of inertia, states that an object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will continue in motion with a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.
In simpler terms, Newton concluded that forces are not required to keep an object in motion or at rest. Instead, objects will naturally maintain their state of motion or rest unless acted upon by an external force. This means that if there are no forces acting on an object, it will continue to move in a straight line at a constant speed or remain at rest.
This conclusion in one line: Sir Isaac Newton first disproved the notion that forces are required to maintain motion by introducing the concept of inertia in his first law of motion.
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Unpolarized light with intensity Io is incident on two polarizing filters. The axis of the first filter makes an angle of α= 60 with the vertical, and the axis of the second filter is horizontal. What is the intensity of the light after it has passed through the second filter?
The intensity of the light after it has passed through the second filter is I₂ = 0.25Io.
What is the Unpolarized light with intensity?When unpolarized light passes through a polarizing filter, it becomes linearly polarized with an intensity proportional to the cosine squared of the angle between the filter's axis and the polarization direction of the incident light.
In this case, the first filter makes an angle of α = 60° with the vertical. The intensity of the light after passing through the first filter is I₁ = Io * cos²α = Io * cos²60° = Io * 0.25.
The second filter has a horizontal axis, which is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the light transmitted by the first filter. Since the light is already polarized in the vertical direction after passing through the first filter, it will be blocked completely by the second filter. Therefore, the intensity of the light after passing through the second filter is I₂ = 0 * I₁ = 0.
In summary, the intensity of the light after passing through the second filter is zero (0).
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what is the SI unit of wavelength of a wave?
The SI unit of wavelength of a wave is meters (m).
Calculate the momentum of christine and her cart as she rolls immediately after they are no longer in contact. hint: p=mvp=mv
The total momentum of the system is 81.69 kg m/s.
Define momentum.The result of a particle's mass and velocity is momentum. It has both magnitude and direction because momentum is a vector quantity. According to Isaac Newton's second law of motion, the force pushing a particle has an equal and opposite effect on the temporal rate at which its momentum changes. According to Newton's second law, if a particle is subjected to a constant force for a specific amount of time, the impulse, which is the product of the force and the time interval, is equal to the change in momentum. In contrast, a particle's momentum is a measurement of the amount of time needed for a consistent force to bring the particle to rest.
According to the question:
Total momentum = Momentum of Christine's car + Momentum of Demon's car.
Total momentum = (37.8+43.89) kg m/s.
= 81.69 kg m/s.
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The lowest note on a grand piano has a frequency of 27.5 Hz. The entire string is 2.00 m long and has a mass of 400 g. The vibrating section of the string is 1.90 m long. Part A What tension is needed to tune this string properly?
A0 is the lowest notes on a conventional 88-key piano. This tells us that the note with in 0th octave is "A." A1 is an octave greater than that and is the notes "A" in the first octave.
What's the formula for the frequency of piano keys?Freq Equals note × 2 N/12, wherein N represents the number many notes from the initial note, can be used to compute the frequency to certain other notes starting at any note. N could be zero, negative, or positive.
How do frequencies come from a piano?Each note played on a piano is produced by a string, or group of strings, vibrating at a particular frequency (rate of back and forth motion), which is governed by length, diameter, tension, and density of the wire.
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