A manufacturing process that unintentionally introduces cracks to the surface of a part was used to produce load-bearing components. The design requires that the component be able to withstand a stress of 450MPa. A component failed catastrophically in service. You are asked to do a failure analysis to determine whether the component failed due to an overload in service or flaws from the manufacturing process. The manufacturer claims that the components were polished to remove the cracks and inspected to ensure that no surface cracks were larger than 0. 5mm, which means the component could stand a stress greater than 450MPa. The manufacturer believes the component failed due to operator error. It has been independently verified that the 5cm diameter cylindrical part was subjected to a axial tensile load of 1x106N. The component is made from a material, which has a fracture toughness of and an ultimate 75????Pamtensile strength of 600MPa. Assume Y=1. 12 for the external cracks. Who is at fault for the component failure, the manufacturer or the operator, or both? Show your work to support your answer

The load current is to be varied from 12 to 100 mA while maintaining a constant voltage across R at 12 7.2 = 4.8 V.

When the load current is at its highest, the minimal Zener current will occur. The output voltage will remain constant over the regulating range if R = 43.5 is added to the circuit. It is possible to write the current I in a p-n junction diode as I=I0(exp(eVKBT)1), where I0 is referred to as the reverse saturation current, V is the voltage across the diode, which is positive for forward bias and negative for reverse bias, I is the current through the diode, and KB is the Boltzmann constant.

The load current will be zero (IL = 0) when there is no load connected to the circuit.

Learn more about voltage here-

https://brainly.com/question/13521443

#SPJ4

To construct the generating function for the number of partitions of n such that no part is a multiple of 3, we can use the following approach:

Let p(n) be the number of partitions of n such that no part is a multiple of 3. We can then define the generating function P(x) as:

P(x) = ∑ p(n) xn

To find an expression for P(x), we can use the following recursive formula for p(n):

p(n) = p(n-1) + p(n-2) - p(n-3) - p(n-6) + p(n-9) + p(n-12) - ...

where the sum continues with alternating signs and the terms are given by p(n-3k^2) for k = 1, 2, 3, ...

This formula can be derived using the theory of partitions and the generating function for partitions.

Using this formula, we can express P(x) as:

P(x) = 1 + x + 2x^2 + 2x^3 + 4x^4 + 5x^5 + 7x^6 + 9x^7 + 12x^8 + 15x^9 + ...

where the coefficients of x^n give the number of partitions of n with no part a multiple of 3.

Therefore, the generating function for the number of partitions of n such that no part is a multiple of 3 is:

P(x) = 1 + x + 2x^2 + 2x^3 + 4x^4 + 5x^5 + 7x^6 + 9x^7 + 12x^8 + 15x^9 + ...

This generating function can be used to find the number of partitions of any integer n such that no part is a multiple of 3 by extracting the coefficient of x^n.

for more such questions on number of partitions

https://brainly.com/question/28248724

#SPJ11

The total cost of the 100−kW unit= Cost of 100−kW unit + Additional cost of the pre-compressor= $166,786 + $10,000= $176,786.

Given: Cost of 80-kW diesel-electric set six years ago = $145,000Cost index for this class of equipment six years ago = 187Cost index for this class of equipment now = 194Cost of 120−kW unit of the same general design to power a small isolated plant = $200,145

The plant engineering staff is considering a 100−kW unit of the same general design to power a small isolated plant.Cost of adding pre-compressor = $10,000

To determine the total cost of the 100−kW unit, we need to find the cost of the 80-kW diesel-electric set at present, the cost of the 100−kW unit, and the additional cost of the pre-compressor.Cost of 80-kW diesel-electric set at present= Cost of 80-kW diesel-electric set six years ago × (Cost index for this class of equipment now / Cost index for this class of equipment six years ago)= $145,000 × (194 / 187)= $150,816.34Cost per kW of the 80-kW diesel-electric set= Cost of 80-kW diesel-electric set at present / 80= $150,816.34 / 80= $1,885.20

Cost per kW of the 120−kW unit= Cost of 120−kW unit / 120= $200,145 / 120= $1,667.87The cost of the 100−kW unit of the same general design= 100 × Cost per kW of the 120−kW unit= 100 × $1,667.87= $166,786

Additional cost of the pre-compressor= $10,000. Hence, the total cost of the 100−kW unit is $176,786.

To know more about diesel electric set visit :

https://brainly.com/question/13175083

#SPJ11

Answer:

Purpose of review papers

They carefully identify and synthesize relevant literature to evaluate a specific research question, substantive domain, theoretical approach, or methodology and thereby provide readers with a state-of-the-art understanding of the research topic.

Answer:

-Computer going blank .

-Mouse pointer freezing.

-Keyboard getting stuck.

Explanation:

Any problems with the computer related to its hardware will consist of issues directly related to the physical components of the PC or computer. So any problem involving the physical component of the computer, then it can be termed as a hardware problem.

Based on the problems given in the option, the hardware issues will be problems with the computer, mouse, and keyboard. These form the physical parts of the computer so they will be a hardware issue.

Thus, the correct answers are the third, fourth, and fifth options.

Answer:

c d e

Explanation:

A partition framed with 2x4 studs and finished with 1/2" gypsum board on both sides will have an actual thickness of 4 1/2 inches.

The 2x4 studs, which are typically sized at 1 1/2 inches by 3 1/2 inches, contribute 3 1/2 inches to the overall thickness.

The 1/2" gypsum board on each side adds an additional 1 inch (1/2 inch on each side).

Therefore, when combined, the studs and gypsum board result in a partition with a total thickness of 4 1/2 inches.

Learn more about partition framed

brainly.com/question/32329065

#SPJ11

Technician A says that a range shift is used to select high or low gear ratios within the transfer case is true while Technician B  is false.

A range shift is known to often take place when there is either high or low speed ratio of the given transfer case that is known to be selected.

Note that A range shift arrangement is known to be seen  for moving a gear reduction unit that is found between a low-range operating speed and also that of a high-range operating speed.

Learn more about Technician from

https://brainly.com/question/2328085

#SPJ1

Answer:

2901 vehicles

Explanation:

We are given;

Percentage of large trucks & buses; p_t = 7% = 0.07

Percentage of recreational vehicles; p_r = 3% = 0.03

PHF = 0.90

Driver population adjustment; f_p = 0.92

First of all, let's Calculate the heavy vehicle factor from the formula;

f_hv = 1/[1 + p_t(e_t - 1) + p_r(e_r - 1)]

Where;

e_t = passenger car equivalents for trucks and buses

e_r = passenger car equivalents for recreational vehicles

From the table attached, for a mountainous terrain, e_t = 6 and e_r = 4. Thus;

f_hv = 1/[1 + 0.07(6 - 1) + 0.03(4 - 1)]

f_hv = 1.44

Let's now calculate the initial hourly volume from the formula;

v_p = V1/(PHF × N × f_hv × f_p)

Where;

v_p = 15-minute passenger-car equivalent flow rate

V1 = hourly volume

N = number of lanes in each direction

From online tables of LOS criteria for multilane freeway segments, v_p = 1300 pc/hr/ln

Thus;

1300 = V1/(0.9 × 3 × 1.44 × 0.92)

V1 = 1300 × (0.9 × 3 × 1.44 × 0.92)

V1 = 4650 veh/hr

Now, let's Calculate the final hourly volume;

From online sources, the maximum capacity of a 6 lane highway with free-flow speed of 50 mi/h is 2000 pc/hr/ln.

We are told the online peak-hour factor increases to 0.95 and so PHF = 0.95.

Thus;

2000 = V2/(0.95 × 3 × 1.44 × 0.92)

V2 = 2000(0.95 × 3 × 1.44 × 0.92)

V2 = 7551 veh/hr

Number of vehicles added to the highway = V2 - V1 = 7551 - 4650 = 2901 vehicles

Answer: 75,000 Hz

Explanation:

To calculate the frequency of the supply voltage, we need to use the formula:

frequency = 1 / time period

where the time period is the time it takes for one complete cycle of the waveform. For a sine wave, the time period is given by:

time period = 2π / angular frequency

where the angular frequency is the rate of change of the angle with respect to time and is given by:

angular frequency = 2π × frequency

Comparing the given voltage expression v = 240 sin (471,239t) V to the general form of a sine wave:

v = Vm sin(ωt + θ)

where Vm is the amplitude, ω is the angular frequency, t is time, and θ is the phase angle, we can see that the amplitude is 240 V, the angular frequency is 471,239 rad/s, and there is no phase angle (θ = 0).

Using the formula for angular frequency, we can find the frequency:

angular frequency = 2π × frequency

471,239 = 2π × frequency

frequency = 471,239 / (2π) ≈ 75,000 Hz

Therefore, the frequency of the supply voltage is approximately 75,000 Hz.

Hope this helps, :^)

Answer:

Carpenter's square

Explanation:

The most common hand tool used to measure or set angles with its application extending to setting angles of roofs and rafters. Another name of a Carpenter's square is a framing square.

Other hand tools that are used to measure angles are;

Answer: 240.9 Kpa

Explanation:

Let first changes pressure Gage B from mm of mercury to KPa. That is,

254mm of mercury = 33.86KPa.

To calculate the pressure at C, we need to consider the atmospheric pressure and calculate the absolute pressure of the tank compartment

At gage C, the reading will read P1– P2

Where P1 = absolute pressure

Give that the pressure at B = 254 mm Hg

But (101.33/760) = 33.87 kPa

Where 101.33 = atmospheric pressure

Therefore,

P2 = 101 - 33.87 = 67.13 kPa

P2 = Pa ( pressure at A

Absolute P1 = Patm + Pa= 101 + 207 = 308 kPa abs.

Therefore, Pc = 308 - 67.13

Pc = 240.9Kpa

Therefore, gage C will read 240.9 Kpa if it is connected to compartment 1 but inside compartment 2

Answer:

A stepped circuit is designed in the engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor within a powertrain control module (PCM) to increase the sensor's accuracy. A simple non-stepped ECT sensor circuit has a specific resistance which increases or decreases according to the changes in engine coolant temperature.

Explanation:

The specific enthalpy values and specific latent heat for saturated steam at 2.8 bar, you would need to refer to the relevant steam tables or use a steam properties calculator that provides data for the specific pressure you are interested in.

To determine the specific enthalpy of saturated water, saturated vapor, and the specific latent heat, we can refer to steam tables or use the steam properties calculator. However, since I don't have access to real-time data or the calculator, I can provide you with a general explanation of the values and how they can be determined.

a. Specific enthalpy of saturated water: The specific enthalpy of saturated water refers to the energy content per unit mass of water at the saturated state. It represents the total energy of the water, including its internal energy and the energy associated with its temperature and pressure. To determine the specific enthalpy of saturated water at a given pressure, you would need to refer to steam tables or use a steam properties calculator.

b. Specific enthalpy of saturated vapor: The specific enthalpy of saturated vapor refers to the energy content per unit mass of steam at the saturated state. It represents the total energy of the vapor, including its internal energy, temperature, and pressure energy. Like the specific enthalpy of saturated water, you would need to refer to steam tables or use a steam properties calculator to determine the specific enthalpy of saturated vapor at a given pressure.

c. Specific latent heat: The specific latent heat refers to the amount of heat energy required or released during a phase change process at constant temperature and pressure. In the case of saturated steam, the specific latent heat represents the amount of heat energy required to convert a unit mass of water into steam at the saturated state, or vice versa. It is the difference in specific enthalpy between saturated vapor and saturated water. The specific latent heat can also be obtained from steam tables or steam properties calculators.

To obtain the specific enthalpy values and specific latent heat for saturated steam at 2.8 bar, you would need to refer to the relevant steam tables or use a steam properties calculator that provides data for the specific pressure you are interested in.

Learn more about enthalpy here

https://brainly.com/question/30464179

#SPJ11

Let's take this step by step.

a. The process capability ratio is given as Cp = 392. However, I believe there may be a misunderstanding or typo in the original question. Process capability ratio typically falls within the range 0-3. The formula for the process capability ratio (Cp) is:

Cp = (USL - LSL) / (6σ)

Where:

- USL is the upper specification limit (in this case, 2.9 ounces)

- LSL is the lower specification limit (in this case, 2.1 ounces)

- σ is the standard deviation (in this case, 0.34 ounces)

Let's recalculate the Cp given these inputs:

Cp = (2.9 - 2.1) / (6 * 0.34) = 0.800

This indicates that Leah's Toys' process is currently capable of producing balls within the tolerance limits about 80% of the time, assuming a normal distribution of weights. There may be a misunderstanding with the provided Cp of 392.

b. If Leah's Toys wants to meet the tolerance limits 99.7% of the time, then they would need to reduce the standard deviation such that the output falls within +/- 3σ (3 standard deviations from the mean). This is also known as achieving a "Six Sigma" level of quality.

We can rearrange the Cp equation to solve for σ:

σ = (USL - LSL) / (6 * Cp)

Assuming a Cp of 1.0 (which represents a process that meets tolerance limits 99.73% of the time under a normal distribution), we find:

σ = (2.9 - 2.1) / (6 * 1.0) = 0.13 ounces

This is the standard deviation Leah's Toys would need to achieve to meet the tolerance limits 99.7% of the time.

c. If Leah's Toys invests in process improvements and lowers the standard deviation to 0.13 ounces, then the new process capability ratio (Cp) would be:

Cp = (2.9 - 2.1) / (6 * 0.13) = 1.026

This means Leah's Toys could achieve Six Sigma quality levels (99.7% of products within specification limits) with this new standard deviation. Six Sigma is often represented by a Cp or Cpk (which takes into account mean shift) of 1.5 or more, but in a perfect process centered between the limits, a Cp of 1.0 represents 99.73% within limits, which aligns with your 99.7% target.

When a material is subjected to tensile or stretching pressures, the amount of force per unit area that it experiences is measured as tensile stress. It symbolises the material's intrinsic resistance or response to these forces.

Tensile stress, which occurs when a material is pushed or stretched, causes the substance to lengthen in the direction of the applied force. By dividing the applied force (or load) by the cross-sectional area of the material perpendicular to the applied force, tensile stress is computed.

Because it helps to determine the strength and deformation characteristics of materials under strain, tensile stress is a crucial quantity in materials engineering and structural design.

Learn more about tensile here:

brainly.com/question/14293634

#SPJ4

Answer:

The range of true mean value is "\(6.92 \pm 1.11142\)".

Explanation:

The given values are:

Number of bricks,

n = 15

Variance,

σ² = 6.89 MN/m²

Mean,

\(\bar{x} = 6.92 \ MN/m^2\)

90% confidence level,

z = 1.64

Now,

The margin of error will be:

= \(z\sqrt{\frac{\sigma^2}{n} }\)

On substituting the given values, we get

= \(1.64\sqrt{\frac{6.89}{15} }\)

= \(1.64\times 0.6777\)

= \(1.11142\)

So,

Range of true mean value will be:

=  \(Mean \pm Margin \ of \ error\)

=  \(6.92 \pm 1.11142\)

Granite has a weight density of 174.72 lbs/ft3 based on its specific gravity. Since specific gravity is the ratio of two comparable quantities, it has no dimensions.

A material's specific gravity is determined by comparing its density to that of a standard substance, often water. Another name for specific gravity is the substance's relative density. Since specific gravity is the ratio of two comparable quantities, it has no dimensions. Porosity, commonly referred to as void fraction, is an indicator of how many spaces in a material are void, or "empty." It reflects the volume of voids relative to the entire volume and ranges from 0 to 1, or between 0% and 100%, as a percentage. In some experiments, the entire volume of void space that can be reached from the surface, or the "accessible void," is measured (cf. closed-cell foam).

Learn more about Specific gravity here:

https://brainly.com/question/28704115

#SPJ4

A single diode is used in a single-phase half-wave rectifier, and its rectification efficiency is calculated to be 45.2%. On the other hand, the single-phase full-wave rectifier employs two diodes and has a rectification efficiency of 90.2%.

Rectifier circuit is a combination of diodes that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and is used in power supplies for electronic devices. The circuit's primary purpose is to convert the AC waveform into a DC waveform that can be used for energy storage and supply. Single-phase half-wave, single-phase full-wave, and three-phase rectifiers are the most popular types of rectifiers, which will be described in detail below.

n the world of electronics, a rectifier circuit is a critical component. It is a circuit made up of diodes that converts AC to DC. The circuit's primary purpose is to convert AC to DC so that it may be used for energy storage and supply. In the world of electronics, single-phase half-wave, single-phase full-wave, and three-phase rectifiers are the most widely used. In a single-phase half-wave rectifier, a single diode is used. The rectifier's efficiency can be determined using the formula η= (VDC/VRMS) x 100%. For a single-phase half-wave rectifier, the rectification efficiency is calculated to be 45.2%. The full-wave rectifier, on the other hand, employs two diodes to convert AC to DC. The rectification efficiency of the full-wave rectifier is calculated using the same formula as before. The rectification efficiency for a single-phase full-wave rectifier is calculated to be 90.2%. The three-phase rectifier, unlike the single-phase rectifier, employs three diodes. The rectification efficiency of a three-phase rectifier is calculated using the same formula as before. The rectification efficiency for a three-phase rectifier is calculated to be 91.7%.

The rectifier circuit is a crucial component in the world of electronics. Single-phase half-wave, single-phase full-wave, and three-phase rectifiers are the most popular types of rectifiers, as mentioned. A single diode is used in a single-phase half-wave rectifier, and its rectification efficiency is calculated to be 45.2%. On the other hand, the single-phase full-wave rectifier employs two diodes and has a rectification efficiency of 90.2%. A three-phase rectifier, on the other hand, employs three diodes and has a rectification efficiency of 91.7%.

Learn more about Rectifier circuit visit:

brainly.com/question/30764113

#SPJ11

When observing the air above a flame, there are a few things that you may notice:Heat,Movement,Smoke or gases and Light.

1. Heat: The air above the flame will feel warm or hot due to the heat generated by the combustion process.

2. Movement: The air above the flame may appear to be moving or shimmering. This is caused by the rising hot air, which creates convection currents.
3. Smoke or gases: Depending on the type of flame and the materials being burned, you may see smoke or gases rising from the flame. These can be byproducts of the combustion process.
4. Light: The air above the flame may appear to be brighter or illuminated due to the light emitted by the flame. This is especially noticeable in darker environments.
It is important to note that when observing a flame, it should be done with caution and proper safety measures. Flames can be dangerous, and it is best to observe them from a safe distance.

For more such questions flame,Click on

https://brainly.com/question/33310359

#SPJ8

Answer:

Magic

Explanation:

magic is the answer to everything unexplainable

Explanation:

Manages the boot process.

Answer:

Beam of 25" depth and 12" width is sufficient.

I've attached a detailed section of the beam.

Explanation:

We are given;

Beam Span; L = 20 ft

Dead load; DL = 0.50 k/ft

Live load; LL = 0.65 k/ft.

Beam width; b = 12 inches

From ACI code, ultimate load is given as;

W_u = 1.2DL + 1.6LL

Thus;

W_u = 1.2(0.5) + 1.6(0.65)

W_u = 1.64 k/ft

Now, ultimate moment is given by the formula;

M_u = (W_u × L²)/8

M_u = (1.64 × 20²)/8

M_u = 82 k-ft

Since span is 20 ft, it's a bit larger than the average span beams, thus, let's try a depth of d = 25 inches.

Effective depth of a beam is given by the formula;

d_eff = d - clear cover - stirrup diameter - ½Main bar diameter

Now, let's adopt the following;

Clear cover = 1.5"

Stirrup diameter = 0.5"

Main bar diameter = 1"

Thus;

d_eff = 25" - 1.5" - 0.5" - ½(1")

d_eff = 22.5"

Now, let's find steel ratio(ρ) ;

ρ = Total A_s/(b × d_eff)

Now, A_s = ½ × area of main diameter bar

Thus, A_s = ½ × π × 1² = 0.785 in²

Let's use Nominal number of 3 bars as our main diameter bars.

Thus, total A_s = 3 × 0.785

Total A_s = 2.355 in²

Hence;

ρ = 2.355/(22.5 × 12)

ρ = 0.008722

Design moment Capacity is given;

M_n = Φ * ρ * Fy * b * d²[1 – (0.59ρfy/fc’)]/12

Φ is 0.9

f’c = 4,000 psi = 4 kpsi

fy = 60,000 psi = 60 kpsi

M_n = 0.9 × 0.008722 × 60 × 12 × 22.5²[1 - (0.59 × 0.008722 × 60/4)]/12

M_n = 220.03 k-ft

Thus: M_n > M_u

Thus, the beam of 25" depth and 12" width is sufficient.

In a domestic air conditioner, forced draft refers to the process of actively pushing air across the evaporator coil to facilitate cooling. It involves the use of a fan or blower to create a forced flow of air through the system.

When the air conditioner is turned on, the fan or blower draws in air from the surrounding environment and propels it over the evaporator coil. The evaporator coil contains refrigerant that absorbs heat from the air passing over it, resulting in the cooling of the air.

The forced draft ensures that a sufficient amount of air is continuously circulated across the evaporator coil, enhancing the cooling efficiency of the air conditioning system.

The forced draft mechanism helps in maintaining a consistent airflow and temperature distribution within the conditioned space.

It also assists in removing humidity from the air by causing condensation on the evaporator coil. This helps to dehumidify the indoor environment, improving comfort levels.

By employing forced draft, domestic air conditioners can achieve better cooling performance and provide a more comfortable indoor environment for occupants. The forced airflow ensures effective heat exchange and enhances the overall efficiency of the cooling process.

For more such questions on forced draft, click on:

https://brainly.com/question/14063032

#SPJ11

Answer:

resistance = 2.52 ohms

Explanation:

from the formula

V =IR

Voltage = (current)(resistance)

Resistance =

R=

R= 2.52 ohms

Answer:

The PCV reduces blowby emissions from the engine.