all of the following are optimal treatment modalities in treating periodontal disease except: group of answer choices a) periodontal instrumentation to remove microbial etiology b) removing diseased cementum during root scaling c) periodontal surgery d) repairing overhanging margins on restorations

Bioaccumulation is the total accumulation of certain chemicals/contaminants in an organism, coming from diverse sources such as water, air, and diet. Therefore the case of mercury occurs when mercury is accumulated in an organism, for example, fish. The most common pathway for this to happen is through the food chain, nonetheless can occur through abiotic means, an example is in fish, where methylmercury is acquired through the gills.

When methylmercury is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract & enters the bloodstream and goes rapidly to other parts of the body.

Mercury is a persistent substance, which can bioaccumulate, in living organisms, inflicting increasing levels of harm on higher-order species such as predatory fish and fish-eating birds and mammals through a process known as "biomagnification"

The release of processed mercury can lead to a progressive increase in the amount of atmospheric mercury, which enters the atmospheric-soil-water distribution cycles where it can remain in circulation for years. Mercury poisoning is the result of exposure to mercury or mercury compounds resulting in various toxic effects depending on its chemical form and route of exposure.

The major route of human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) is largely through eating contaminated fish, seafood, and wildlife that have been exposed to mercury through the ingestion of contaminated lower organisms.

King mackerel, marlin, orange roughy, shark, swordfish, tilefish, ahi tuna, and all contain high levels of mercury.

Human activity is the main cause of mercury release, especially coal-fired power stations, residential coal burning for heating and cooking, industrial processes, waste incinerators, and as a result of mining for mercury, gold, and other metals.

Reducing consumption of raw materials and products generating mercury releases

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The five levels of complexity of DNA structure are: nucleotides, DNA strands, double helix, chromatin, and chromosomes.

Nucleotides: Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA, consisting of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine). These nucleotides form the basic units of DNA.

DNA strands: DNA strands are formed by the bonding of nucleotides through phosphodiester bonds. They consist of two complementary strands held together by hydrogen bonds between the base pairs (adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine).

Double helix: The DNA strands twist around each other to form a double helix structure. The double helix is stabilized by the hydrogen bonding between the base pairs and the hydrophobic interactions between the stacked bases.

Chromatin: DNA is further organized and compacted by associating with proteins called histones to form a complex called chromatin. Chromatin plays a role in packaging DNA efficiently within the nucleus.

Chromosomes: Chromosomes are highly condensed and organized structures composed of DNA and proteins. They are formed by the further folding and coiling of chromatin during cell division. Chromosomes contain multiple genes and are responsible for carrying and transmitting genetic information.

These levels of complexity in DNA structure allow for the storage, replication, and transmission of genetic information in cells.

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Explanation:

The early atmosphere was mainly carbon dioxide and water vapour. Water vapour condensed to form the oceans. Photosynthesis caused the amount of carbon dioxide to decrease and oxygen to increase.

Earth has its own atmosphere which is made up of various gaseous such as carbon dioxide, water vapour, oxygen and etc

There are various activities that change the composition of the earth atmosphere.

The earth atmosphere has 78 per cent nitrogen, 21 per cent oxygen, 0.9 per cent argon, and 0.1 per cent other gases.

During the activities perform as mentioned the composition of the earth is changed and the amount of carbon dioxide is increased by 0.01 %.

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Answer:

I will tell them to take care of their child

Explanation:

HOPE IT HELPS!

Answer:

A Trust me I'm a genius

Explanation:

I pretty sure it would only make sense to me

Explanation:

A keystone species is an organism that helps define an entire ecosystem. By keeping populations of mussels and barnacles in check, this sea star helps ensure healthy populations of seaweeds and the communities that feed on them—sea urchins, sea snails, limpets, and bivalves.

Answer:

By keeping populations of mussels and barnacles in check

Answer:

Explanation:

Both the B cell membranes and the cancer cells are composed largely of phospholipids. Explain how the polar parts of the phospholipids from one cell interact with the phospholipids from the other cell when the membranes are fused, and how the nonpolar parts of one-cell phospholipids interact with the phospholipids from the other cell.

The polar parts of the phospholipids (hydrophilic head) from one cell to the other dissolve in water when the membranes are fused, and form hydrogen bonds with water. The non-polar portions of the phospholipids (hydrophobic tail) from one cell to the next to prevent water. They build a lipid bilayer between the hydrophilic heads where the hydrophobic tails are in between.

The heads are exposed to water when this layer is formed, while the tails only communicate with other tails, not the water.

Marine sponges contain a biological catalyst that blocks a certain step in the separation of cholesterol from ergosterol. As a result, cholesterol cannot be synthesized in cells, thus affecting the synthesis of cholesterol in cells.Cholesterol is a sterol lipid that plays a vital role in cellular functions.

The cell membrane contains a significant amount of cholesterol. It helps maintain the fluidity of the cell membrane, which is necessary for the proper functioning of cells. Cholesterol is also a precursor to the synthesis of steroid hormones such as testosterone, estrogen, and cortisol.

Because marine sponges contain a biological catalyst that blocks the separation of cholesterol from ergosterol, the synthesis of cholesterol is inhibited. As a result, cellular functions that require cholesterol are affected. This includes the maintenance of the fluidity of the cell membrane and the synthesis of steroid hormones.

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Answer: the order of base pairs

Explanation: i took this quiz lol

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The only difference in the chemical structure of DNA between various organisms is the order of base pairs that is present in the second option. The order of base pairs is different in different organisms.

There are two DNA strands in double-helical DNA that are linked together by hydrogen bonds, such as adenine's double hydrogen bond with thymine and guanine's triple bond with cytosine. All the organisms that belong to different species have the same bases and same nucleotides, such as ATP, GTP, CTP, and TTP, but the base pair order is different, and that makes them unique. The gene having some specific sequences in an animal is different from the gene of another animal, and this is due to the various base pairs in the DNA.

Hence, the only difference in the chemical structure of DNA between various organisms is the order of base pairs that is present in the second option.

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There will be a total of four haploid cells produced at the end

There will be one chromosome at the end of each cell

Answer:

Enzymes are biological catalysts. Catalysts lower the activation energy for reactions. The lower the activation energy for a reaction, the faster the rate. ... The enzyme active site is the location on the enzyme surface where substrates bind, and where the chemical reaction catalyzed by the enzyme occurs.

Explanation:

Answer:

Facilitated diffusion and phosphate

Explanation:

For the second one, ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate, and ADP stands for adenosine diphosphate. "Tri" means three, so when ATP turns into ADP, it loses one phosphate.

Answer:

Facilitated diffusion & phosphate

give other person brainliest :)))

Explanation:

The main difference between single-crossover and double-crossover events is that single-crossover events involve an exchange of genetic material between two homologous chromosomes at one point, while double-crossover events involve two separate exchange points.

In a single-crossover event, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material at a single point called a chiasma during meiosis. This leads to recombination, creating new combinations of genes in the resulting gametes.

In contrast, a double-crossover event occurs when two separate chiasmata form between the homologous chromosomes, allowing for two distinct exchanges of genetic material.

This results in a more complex pattern of recombination, generating greater genetic diversity among the offspring. The frequency of double-crossover events is typically lower than that of single-crossover events due to the greater probability of single-exchange events occurring.

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food, water, timber, air purification, soil formation and pollination

The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is a long-term ecological research site located in New Hampshire, USA. One of the key areas of research at Hubbard Brook has been the study of bird populations over time.

The data collected at Hubbard Brook over several decades shows that the total number of birds at the site has fluctuated over time.

For example, a study published in 2018 analyzed bird surveys conducted at Hubbard Brook between 1969 and 2016 and found that bird populations had declined by an average of 14.2% during that time period. However, the study also found that some species had increased in abundance, while others had decreased.

One possible explanation for the decline in bird populations at Hubbard Brook is the loss of forest habitat in the surrounding area due to logging and development. Another factor that may be contributing to the decline is climate change, which can alter the timing of seasonal events, such as migration and breeding, that are critical for bird populations.

Despite the decline in overall bird populations, the data collected at Hubbard Brook has also revealed some positive trends.

For example, several species that were rare or absent in the early years of the study, such as the Pileated Woodpecker and the Bald Eagle, have since increased in abundance at the site. These changes may be the result of conservation efforts or natural recovery after periods of decline.

Overall, the data collected at Hubbard Brook suggests that bird populations at the site have undergone significant changes over time, and that ongoing monitoring and research will be necessary to understand the underlying factors driving these changes.

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Answer:

If the checkpoint mechanisms detect problems with the DNA, the cell cycle is halted, and the cell attempts to either complete DNA replication or repair the damaged DNA. If the damage is irreparable, the cell may undergo apoptosis, or programmed cell death 2.

Explanation:

Answer:

When a cell loses control in the cell cycle when it it trying to replicate itself in a process called mitosis, the cell will continue to try and keep replicating itself and make incorrect copies that will mass together in a blob called a tumor. This is where cancer comes from.

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Answer:The enduring use of HeLa cells in biomedical research is represented below through a timeline of events and scientific publications that describe research using HeLa cells.

Explanation:

The bone marrow produces all blood cells, including lymphocytes, monocytes, and others. Hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow to generate these cells.

The bone marrow is the primary site of hematopoiesis, where all blood cells, including lymphocytes, monocytes, and other cell types, are produced. Hematopoiesis is the process of generating new blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells located within the bone marrow. Lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell involved in immune responses, are derived from lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Monocytes, another type of white blood cell, are also produced in the bone marrow.

Additionally, red blood cells (erythrocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes) are formed in the bone marrow through a different lineage of precursor cells. Therefore, the bone marrow is responsible for the production of all blood cells.

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Germ cells produce gametes through meiosis. Before DNA replication/8/c. After DNA replication/5/g. Prophase I/9/f. Metaphase I/13/i. Anaphase I/17/b. Telophase I/10/k. Prophase II/18-1/a. Metaphase II/11-2/e. Anaphase II/6-3/h. Telophase II/12-15/d. Gametes/7-16-14-4/j.        

Meiosis is the sequence of events that occur when a germ cell divides and produce gametes. Through Meiosis, a diploid cell (2n) produces four haploid daughter cells (n).

There are two meiotic phases. Before each phase, the cell undergoes the interphase, during which the cell content duplicates and DNA replicates.

Meiosis I: reductive phase.

Meiosis II: not reductive division.

In the exposed example, each image is numbered and each description is named with a letter. You will find the complete flow chart in the attached files.

The order is as follow.

Stage                                       Image         Description

Before DNA replication             8                    c

After DNA replication                5                    g

Prophase I                                  9                    f

Metaphase I                               13                   i

Anaphase I                                 17                   b

Telophase I                                10                   k

Prophase II                                 18-1                a

Metaphase II                               11-2                e

Anaphase II                                 6-3                 h

Telophase II                               12-15               d

Gametes                                     7-16-14-4        j            

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The BEST statement describing the difference between ringworm and other zoonotic diseases such as plague or SARS is:

Ringworm is not life-threatening, whereas most others are.

Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin, hair, or nails that can be transmitted from animals to humans. While it can be uncomfortable and unsightly, it is not generally a serious or life-threatening condition. On the other hand, diseases like plague and SARS are highly contagious and can be deadly if left untreated.

Plague is caused by a bacterium that is typically spread by fleas from infected rodents, while SARS is caused by a virus that can be transmitted from animals to humans, with bats and civet cats being the suspected reservoirs. Both diseases can cause severe respiratory symptoms and can be fatal in some cases.

Cell scructure

Explanation:

I hope it helps

The answer to the given question will be that the muscles that guard the entrances and exits of the internal passage are known as sphincter (circular muscles).

Hence, the answer is that the muscles that guard the entrances and exits of the internal passage are known as sphincter (circular muscles).

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Answer:no

Explanation:

it can not be a hybrid because the plant is to short and two recessive genes instead of two different genes

Mature nerve cells, which are incapable of cell division, are most likely in the G0 phase of the cell cycle.

Mature nerve cells are cells that have developed to the point of being ready for use. They are cells that have differentiated, meaning that they have taken on the characteristics of a particular cell type, in this case, nerve cells. As a result of the cell division cycle, these mature nerve cells have ceased dividing and are incapable of cell division. They are in a quiescent state, referred to as the G0 stage. It is the stage in the cell cycle where cells are no longer dividing, yet they remain metabolically active and functional.

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Answer:

It is an observation.

Explanation:

The scientist observed that the worm is 2 cm long.

Answer:

glycogen substances can be classified as a carbonhydrate

Explanation:

cells must be attached to a substrate or extracellular matrix of a tissue.

Most animal cells exhibit anchorage dependence, which means that in order to divide cells must be attached to a substrate or extracellular matrix of a tissue. Thus, the correct option for this question is D.

Anchorage dependence may be defined as the process of increase in proliferation that is observed when cells are permitted to attach to a solid surface. It ensures that each type of cell in the body survives and divides when only it is appropriately allowed to do the same.

The process of cell division is controlled through two processes which are known as mitosis and meiosis. The extracellular matrix of the tissues is directly connected to the cell that it completely surrounds. Some of the key connectors are integrins, fibronectin, etc.

Therefore, cells must be attached to a substrate or extracellular matrix of tissue in most animal cells that exhibit anchorage dependence. Thus, the correct option for this question is D.

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The oxygen atom, human cardiac muscle cells, human cardiac connective tissue, human heart, human cardiovascular system, and humans are the order of organization according to size from smallest to largest.

The human body has frequently been compared to a machine. Consider some everyday devices like drills and washing machines. Each component of a machine, which is made up of several elements and has a variety of functions, cooperates to carry out a single overall task.

In all these aspects, the human body is much like a machine. In fact, it could be the most amazing device ever created. The human machine is structured on a variety of levels, from the cell to the complete body. There is an increase in complexity with each level of organization.

Therefore, from smallest to largest, the level of organization is an oxygen atom, human cardiac muscle cells, human cardiac connective tissue, human heart, human cardiovascular system, and human.

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