Anaplasia is recognized by loss of organization and a marked increase in nuclear size. true or false

Answers

Answer 1

The statement "Anaplasia is recognized by loss of organization and a marked increase in nuclear size" is true.

Anaplasia refers to a condition in which cells lose their normal structural and functional characteristics, often associated with malignancy or cancer. This process results in cells becoming less differentiated, losing their organization, and often showing an increase in nuclear size.

In normal cells, differentiation occurs as cells specialize to perform specific functions. However, when anaplasia occurs, cells revert to a less specialized state, which can lead to uncontrolled growth and division. This uncontrolled growth, in turn, contributes to the formation of tumors and can promote the spread of cancerous cells throughout the body.

Anaplastic cells display several distinct features, including large, irregularly shaped nuclei, increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, and a higher rate of cell division. These characteristics make anaplastic cells more aggressive and difficult to treat, as they are often more resistant to standard cancer therapies.

In conclusion, anaplasia is a key indicator of malignancy and is characterized by the loss of organization and an increase in nuclear size. Understanding this process can help in the development of new diagnostic tools and targeted therapies for cancer treatment.

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Answer 2

Anaplasia is recognized by loss of organization and a marked increase in nuclear size - True.

Anaplasia is a disease, frequently linked to malignancy or cancer, in which cells lose their typical morphological and functional properties. As a result of this process, cells lose their organisation, become less differentiated, and frequently exhibit a rise in nuclear size.

Differentiation takes place in healthy cells as they specialise to carry out particular tasks. Anaplasia, on the other hand, causes cells to return to a less specialised condition, which can cause uncontrolled growth and division. In turn, this unchecked proliferation aids in the development of tumours and has the potential to encourage the spread of malignant cells throughout the body.

The nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio is elevated, the nuclear size is enlarged, and the rate of cell division is raised in anaplastic cells. Anaplastic cells are more aggressive and challenging to treat due to these traits, as they are frequently more resistant to conventional cancer therapy.

In conclusion, anaplasia, which is characterised by the loss of organisation and an increase in nuclear size, is a significant sign of malignancy. Understanding this procedure can aid in the creation of novel diagnostic techniques and focused cancer therapy.

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Related Questions

PLEASE CHEMISTRY HELP IS NEEDED PLEASE

PLEASE CHEMISTRY HELP IS NEEDED PLEASE

Answers

Based on the balanced equation of the reaction, the completed table is  as follows:

2.0 moles of N₂, 56 g of N₂; 1.0 moles of Ti₃N₄; 200.0 g of Ti₃N₄

6.0 moles of N₂, 168 g of N₂; 3.0 moles of Ti₃N₄; 600.0 g of Ti₃N₄

1.0 moles of N₂, 28 g of N₂; 0.5 moles of Ti₃N₄; 100.0 g of Ti₃N₄

7.0 moles of N₂, 196 g of N₂; 3.5 moles of Ti₃N₄; 700.0 g of Ti₃N₄

12.6 moles of N₂, 352.8 g of N₂; 6.3 moles of Ti₃N₄; 1260.0 g of Ti₃N₄

What is a balanced equation of the reaction?

A balanced equation is one for a chemical reaction in which the overall charge and the number of atoms for each component are the same for both the reactants and the products.

In other words, the moles of atoms of elements on both sides of the reaction are equal.

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synthesis of acetaminophen from p-aminophenol and acetic anhydride mechanism

Answers

The synthesis of acetaminophen from p-aminophenol and acetic anhydride involves an acylation reaction. Here is a simplified mechanism for the synthesis:

Step 1: Protonation of the p-aminophenol: In the presence of an acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4), the p-aminophenol molecule is protonated, resulting in the formation of the p-aminophenol cation (p-AP+). Step 2: Formation of the acylium ion: Acetic anhydride is then added to the reaction mixture. The acetic anhydride molecule loses one of its oxygen atoms, forming an acylium ion (CH3CO+). Step 3: Nucleophilic attack: The lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of the p-aminophenol cation (p-AP+) acts as a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon of the acylium ion (CH3CO+). This results in the formation of a new bond between the nitrogen atom and the carbon atom of the acylium ion, while one of the oxygen atoms of the acylium ion is displaced.Step 4: Proton transfer: A proton transfer occurs from the oxygen atom of the acylium ion (now attached to the nitrogen atom) to a nearby molecule or solvent, regenerating the aromaticity of the phenyl ring. Step 5: Tautomerization: The resulting intermediate undergoes tautomerization, where a hydrogen atom is transferred from the hydroxyl group to the adjacent nitrogen atom. This forms the final product, acetaminophen.

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Identify the acid associated with each conjugate base. I-SO4 2-Cl-OH -F-

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The acid associated with each conjugate base is I-SO4 2= H2SO4 (sulfuric acid), ClO=  HClO(hypochlorous acid), OH= H2O( water) and F- = HF (hydrofluoric acid).

For each conjugate base, the associated acid can be identified by adding a proton (H+) to the anion. The acid associated with each conjugate base is as follows:

I-SO4 2- : The conjugate base is derived from the acid H2SO4, which is sulfuric acid. The acid can donate two protons to form H+ ions and SO4 2- ions in aqueous solution.ClO- : The conjugate base is derived from the acid HClO, which is hypochlorous acid. The acid can donate a proton to form H+ and ClO- ions in aqueous solution.OH- : The conjugate base is derived from the acid H2O, which is water. The acid can donate a proton to form H+ and OH- ions in aqueous solution.F- : The conjugate base is derived from the acid HF, which is hydrofluoric acid. The acid can donate a proton to form H+ and F- ions in aqueous solution.

Conjugate acid-base pairs are important in many chemical reactions, including acid-base reactions, redox reactions, and complex formation reactions. In acid-base reactions, for example, the acid donates a proton to the base to form its conjugate base and conjugate acid. The strength of the acid and base determines the position of the equilibrium in the reaction, with stronger acids and bases driving the reaction toward the formation of their weaker conjugate partners.

In summary, the concept of conjugate acids and bases is a fundamental aspect of acid-base chemistry and helps to explain the behavior of acids and bases in many different chemical reactions.

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whoever answers this first gets brainly

whoever answers this first gets brainly

Answers

Answer:

A option

Explanation:

water gets split in photosynthesis

The answer Is A) The plants needed the water to help the leaves undergo photosynthesis.

Hope this helped you!

Brainliest Please ?

Calculate the number of NaBr formula units formed when 50 NBr3 molecules and 57 NaOH formula units react? 2NBr3 + 3NaOH ---> N2 + 3NaBr + 3HOBr

Answers

When 50 NBr3 molecules and 57 NaOH formula units react according to the given balanced equation, the result is the formation of 150 NaBr formula units.

According to the balanced equation provided:

2 NBr3 + 3 NaOH -> N2 + 3 NaBr + 3 HOBr

From the equation, we can see that 2 moles of NBr3 react with 3 moles of NaOH to form 3 moles of NaBr.

To determine the number of NaBr formula units formed, we need to convert the given quantities into moles.

Given:

Number of NBr3 molecules = 50

Number of NaOH formula units = 57

To convert the number of NBr3 molecules to moles, we need to divide the given quantity by Avogadro's number. Similarly, for NaOH formula units, we can directly consider them as moles.

Using Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol), we can calculate the number of moles for NBr3 and NaOH:

Number of moles of NBr3 = 50 / (6.022 x 10^23)

Number of moles of NaOH = 57

Now, we can use the mole ratios from the balanced equation to determine the number of moles of NaBr formed. From the equation, we know that 2 moles of NBr3 react to form 3 moles of NaBr.

Number of moles of NaBr = (Number of moles of NBr3) x (3 moles of NaBr / 2 moles of NBr3)

Finally, we can convert the number of moles of NaBr to the number of NaBr formula units using Avogadro's number:

Number of NaBr formula units = (Number of moles of NaBr) x Avogadro's number

Calculating these values, we find that 50 NBr3 molecules and 57 NaOH formula units react to form 150 NaBr formula units.

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What important thing to understand about fitness?



What I already know about
fitness?






Please helep

Answers

Answer:

There are many benefits to being fit.

Explanation:

Fitness isn't just about the physical part but also the mental wellbeing. For example the physical involves exercising, not just to lose weight or look more beautiful (remember everyone has unique looks) but to live longer, reduce the rick of diseases such as heart diseases and to enhance our bodies. Whereas the mental has to do with the brain, how you train the brain e.g logic puzzles, riddles and so on.

the 3 basic part of the cell theory?

Answers

Answer:

All living things are made up of cellcells are the smallest units of lifeAll cells come from preexisting cells through the process of cell division

how is ionic radius used to find chemical bonds and reactions

Answers

Answer:

Although atoms with equal numbers of protons and electrons exhibit no electrical charge, it is common for atoms to attain the stable electronic configuration of the inert gases by either gaining or losing electrons. The metallic elements on the left side of the periodic table have electrons in excess of the stable configuration. Table 1 shows the electron loss necessary for three light metals to reach a stable electron structure.

The positive charge on the resulting metal ion is due to the atom possessing more nuclear protons than orbital electrons. The valence electrons are most distant from the nucleus; thus, they are weakly held by the electrostatic attraction of the protons and, consequently, are easily stripped from atoms of the metals.

By contrast, the nonmetallic elements on the right side of the periodic table have fewer electrons than that of a stable configuration and can most readily attain the stable configuration of the inert gases by gaining electrons. The negative charge on the resulting nonmetal ion is due to the atom possessing more orbital electrons than nuclear protons. Table 2 compares three nonmetals to the inert gas argon.

Because metallic elements tend to lose electrons and nonmetallic elements tend to gain electrons, a pair of contrasting elements will exchange electrons so that both achieve stable electronic configurations. The resulting ions of opposite charge have a strong force of electrostatic attraction, which is called an ionic bond. Note: This bond forms through the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another, in contrast to the electron sharing of the covalent bond.

The force of attraction between two points of opposite electrical charge is given by Coulomb's law:  

equation

where q + is the positive charge, q – is the negative charge, and d is the distance between the two charges. This law of electrostatic attraction can be used to measure the distance between two spherical ions because the charges can be considered to be located at the center of each sphere. (See Figure 1.)

Figure 1. The distance between ionic charges.

figure  

Notice that the distance between the centers of the two ions is the sum of radii of the ions. The appropriate electrostatic force then is calculated from the equation  

equation

where q C is the charge of the positive cation, q A is the charge of the negative anion, and the denominator is the sum of their radii.

The strength of ionic bonding, therefore, depends on both the charges and the sizes of the two ions. Higher charges and smaller sizes produce stronger bonds. Table 3 shows the approximate radii of selected ions, which have the electronic configuration of an inert gas. The radii are in equation.

For ions of the same charge, the ionic radius increases as you go down any column because the elements of higher atomic number have a greater number of electrons in a series of electronic shells progressively farther from the nucleus. The change in ionic size along a row in the chart just above shows the effect of attraction by protons in the nucleus.

In Table 4, the five ions O 2– through A1 3+ are all isoelectronic; that is, they have the same number of electrons in the same orbitals.

For continuity, the neutral Ne atom is also in the chart, with its atomic radius. As you proceed to the right in Table 4, the greater number of protons attracts the electrons more strongly, producing progressively smaller ions.

Now use Coulomb's law to compare the strengths of the ionic bonds in crystals of magnesium oxide and lithium fluoride. The sizes of the four ions are taken from the tabulation of radii of cations and anions in Table 5.

equation

Comparing the two relative forces of electrostatic attraction that you calculated, you can conclude that ionic bonding is considerably stronger in magnesium oxide. This affects the physical properties and chemical behavior of the two compounds. For example, the melting point of MgO (2,852°C) is much higher than that of LiF (845°C).

The strength of chemical bonding in various substances is commonly measured by the thermal energy (heat) needed to separate the bonded atoms or ions into individual atoms or ion

Explanation:

A hydraulic actuator has a piston area of 0.03 m² in contact with hydraulic fluid, and is required to lift a 10000 kg mass. What pressure must be supplied to the hydraulic fluid to do this? Calculate the volume of fluid that a pump would need to provide to move the actuator by 10 cm.

Answers

A pressure of 3.27 MPa must be supplied to the hydraulic fluid. Additionally, to move the actuator by 10 cm, a pump would need to provide a volume of 0.003 cubic meters of fluid.

To calculate the pressure required to lift the 10000 kg mass, we can use the formula:

Pressure = Force / Area

First, we need to calculate the force exerted by the mass:

Force = mass × gravity

Force = 10000 kg × 9.8 m/s²

Force = 98000 N

Next, we can substitute the values into the formula to find the pressure:

Pressure = 98000 N / 0.03 m²

Pressure = 3,266,667 Pa (or 3.27 MPa)

Therefore, the pressure supplied to the hydraulic fluid needs to be 3.27 MPa.

Calculation of Required Volume of Fluid

To calculate the volume of fluid that a pump would need to provide to move the actuator by 10 cm, we can use the formula:

Volume = Area × Distance

First, we need to convert the distance from centimeters to meters:

Distance = 10 cm × 0.01 m/cm

Distance = 0.1 m

Next, we can substitute the values into the formula to find the volume:

Volume = 0.03 m² × 0.1 m

Volume = 0.003 m³

Therefore, the pump would need to provide a volume of 0.003 cubic meters of fluid to move the actuator by 10 cm.

In summary, to lift the 10000 kg mass, a pressure of 3.27 MPa must be supplied to the hydraulic fluid. Additionally, to move the actuator by 10 cm, a pump would need to provide a volume of 0.003 cubic meters of fluid. These calculations are essential in hydraulic systems to determine the required pressure and fluid volume to perform specific tasks, such as lifting heavy loads or moving hydraulic actuators.

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How many moles are in 10 g aspartame?

Answers

A substance has 0. 0152088 moles per 10 grammes. One can use the equation grams = weight / molar mass to determine this. The volume of one mole of a chemical is represented by its molar mass on the chemical elements.

You would take its weight (10g) and multiply it by the material's molar mass to determine the number of molecules within 10g of a substance. For instance, if the material is water, its molar mass is 18. 015 g/mol, meaning that 10 g is comparable to 0. 555 molecules of water.

However, the formula moles = mass / molar weight can be used to determine the number of moles in an unit weight regardless of the substance. Therefore, there are 0. 0152088 mole in 10

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the laboratory experiment where a solution of a known concentration is reacted with a solution of an unknown concentration to determine its molarity is called a ___________.

Answers

The laboratory experiment where a solution of a known concentration is reacted with a solution of an unknown concentration to determine its molarity is called a titration.                                                                                                                            

This method involves gradually adding the known solution to the unknown solution until a chemical reaction occurs, and then calculating the molarity of the unknown solution based on the amount of known solution used. Titration is a widely used technique in chemistry, and is commonly used to analyze the concentration of acids, bases, and other chemical compounds in various samples.
This technique is widely used in chemistry to determine the concentration of various substances in solution.

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If a student puts a dialysis tube with 15% salt in it, into a beaker that has only 5% salt, what would happen to the movement of water?

If a student puts a dialysis tube with 15% salt in it, into a beaker that has only 5% salt, what would

Answers

Answer:

- Water from beaker will move to the tube

Explanation:

Total percentage of water in the beaker;

\( = { \tt{100\% - 5\%}} \\ = { \tt{95\%}}\)

Total percentage of water in dialysis tube;

\({ \tt{ = 100\% - 15\%}} \\ = { \tt{85\%}}\)

So, there is much water concentration in the beaker than the dialysis tubing, this causes a determined percentage of water to diffuse to the tubing, and determined percentage of salt to move from tubing to the beaker.

Percentage of water moving to tubing;

\({ \tt{ = 95\% - 85\%}} \\ = { \tt{10\%}}\)

Percentage of salt moving from tubing to beaker

\({ \tt{ = 15\% - 5\%}} \\ { \tt{ = 10\%}}\)

Which substance is considered to be neutral on the pH Scale? *
2 points
battery acid
pure water
bleach
ocean water

Answers

Answer:

Pure Water  

Explanation:

Battery acid is well and acid

Bleach is a base

Ocean water is impure so it could lean either way

Which type of bonding forms due to electrical attractions between oppositely charged elements

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Ionic bond

Ionic bond, also called electrovalent bond, type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound.

What happens to the rate of a reaction as the reaction progresses?

What happens to the rate of a reaction as the reaction progresses?

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

The rate of a reaction decreases as time progresses. ... If the amount of reactant particles is decreasing as the reaction progresses, then the chance of successful collisions must also decrease, and ultimately when all the reactant particles have reacted, the reaction must stop and the rate become zero.

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Sodium chloride is a soluble salt that can be made by mixing sodium hydroxide with an acid. Sodium metal cannot be used because it is too... what?

Answers

Answer:

Reactive.

Explanation:

am sure bro..…….

Because it is too reactive, sodium metal cannot be used to make sodium chloride. Since sodium is a highly reactive alkali metal, it easily interacts with other substances to form new ones.

What is the intraction of the sodium ?

Sodium metal interacts fast with water to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. The metal may catch fire and burn as a result of this reaction since it is so exothermic, or heat-producing.

Sodium metal interacts fast with acids like hydrochloric acid to produce sodium chloride and hydrogen gas. However, handling this reaction can be risky due to its high exothermic nature.

There is a significant safety risk since the heat from the reaction might cause the acid to boil and spray.Boil and spatter poses a major risk to people's safety. In comparison, using sodium hydroxide to create sodium chloride is significantly safer.

When sodium hydroxide and an acid are combined, the reaction is significantly slower and less exothermic. This response is considerably simpler to manage and does not provide a significant risk to safety. Sodium hydroxide is also considerably simpler to get than sodium metal. As a result, it is the technique of choice for producing sodium chloride.

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someone please help meeeee, i’ll help u if u help meeeeeeeeee :)

someone please help meeeee, ill help u if u help meeeeeeeeee :)

Answers

All u do is divide the mass by the volume so 85.4/7 which is 12.2

There are 50grams of Cl2 how many molecules are produced for Cl2?

Answers

Explanation:

cl2 = 50/71

mole of cl2 = 0.704

no.of molecules = mole × avagadro no.

no of molecules = 0.704× 6.022×10²³

no. of molecules = 4.23×10²³

When water freezes, it freezes the salt with it.


True

False

Answers

It is not true so it False

Answer: False

When salt water or any other liquid that has some type of particle in it, freezes the salt or particles sink to the top or bottom, depending on weather it is more dense than the liquid it is meaning B. False is our correct answer.

I hope this helps & Good Luck <3!!

The molar mass of ammonium acetate is 77.083 g/mol. A student uses 0.100 mol of ammonium acetate in a chemical reaction. The
student claims that the reaction uses (0.100 mol) (77.083 g/mol) = 7.71 g of ammonium acetate, which has
(7.71) (6.022 x 1023) = 4.64 x 1024 molecules.
In one to two sentences, explain the mistake that the student made and determine the correct number of molecules of ammonium
acetate used in the reaction.

Answers

The student's claim of 4.64 × 10^24 molecules is incorrect, and the correct number of molecules of ammonium acetate used in the reaction is 6.022 × 10^22 molecules.

The mistake the student made is assuming that the molar mass of ammonium acetate directly corresponds to the number of molecules. However, the molar mass of a substance represents the mass of one mole of that substance, not the number of molecules.

To determine the correct number of molecules of ammonium acetate used in the reaction, we need to use Avogadro's number, which relates the number of particles (atoms, molecules, etc.) in one mole of a substance.

Avogadro's number is approximately 6.022 × 10^23 particles/mol. Given that the student used 0.100 mol of ammonium acetate, we can calculate the correct number of molecules by multiplying the number of moles by Avogadro's number:

Number of molecules = (0.100 mol) × (6.022 × 10^23 molecules/mol)

Performing the calculation, we find that the correct number of molecules of ammonium acetate used in the reaction is 6.022 × 10^22 molecules.

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What is the IUPAC name for the following organic compound?

What is the IUPAC name for the following organic compound?

Answers

Answer:

C^4OH^10

Explanation:

Can someone please help me

Can someone please help me

Answers

Help you with what ma’am

sodium hydroxide + __________ → sodium chloride + water
What fills in the gap

Answers

Answer:

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Explanation:

start by writing out the formula for your reaction:

NaOH+________-------> NaCl +H2O

Reactants   ---------------->    Products

Our reactants have to be composed of an acid and a base. Already we know that sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base, therefore we know that the missing reactant has to be an acid. We see our products have an extra Hydrogen and Chlorine, so knowing that our our missing reactant is an acid and knowing that we have a hydrogen and chlorine we know that one of the strong acids is hydrochloric acid which its formula is (HCl).

Explain whether the cane sugar is hydrated.​

Answers

Yes, the sugarcane is hydrated.

A species of long, perennial grass called sugarcane or sugar cane is used to make sugar. The plants have strong, jointed, fibrous stalks that are 2–6 m tall and rich in sucrose, which gathers in the internodes of the stalks. Your body is hydrated by sugarcane juice, which also helps you feel less tired in hot conditions. You can combat dryness with the help of the minerals, proteins, and carbs found in this drink.

Because sugarcane is high in antioxidants, it helps the body fight illnesses and increases immunity. Due to its high iron, magnesium, calcium, and other electrolyte content, it is excellent for dehydration. As it increases the body's protein levels, it helps the body fight fever as well as the common cold and other diseases.

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yes sugarcane is hydrate to get respected products of sugarcanes like juice , raw materials etc.

sugar cane is gathered and then treated with water to create raw juice, which has a low pH and dissolved contaminants. To increase the pH and react with the contaminants to create soluble calcium organic compounds that can be removed, hydrated lime is added to the juice. Lime excess is eliminated through carbonation or phosphoric acid addition. Depending on the needed level of final product purity, this process could be done numerous times.Two independent processes are involved in the production of sugar: (a) turning sugar cane or sugar beets into raw sugar, and (b) turning the raw sugar into refined sugar. The yield of the crystalline product is decreased by the presence of polysaccharides, proteins, starches, gums, waxes, and other colloidal contaminants in cane and beet sugar extracts, which also include unacceptable levels of sucrose.

therefore the cane sugar is hydrated to get the following products.

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The simplest carbohydrate is called what?Group of answer choicesmonosaccharidepolysaccharidenone of the abovedisaccharide

Answers

Carbohydrates are macromolecules made of smaller monomers called monosaccharides, which will be linked together to form polysaccharides and Carbohydrates, therefore letter A

HELP ASAP WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!!

HELP ASAP WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!!

Answers

Answer:

22.4/3.8=5.89

Explanation:

If block 1 were broken in two equal pieces, what would be the density of each piece? Why?

Answers

Explanation:

The density of the new blocks will be the density of the original block.

For example if the density of the block is 2g/cm³, when the block is broken down into two, each of the new block will have a density of 2g/cm³.

Density is an intensive property of matter. It does not depend on the mass of the substance available. Every sample of a substance have the same value of density.

5. A set of mixtures is :
(a)ink, honey, ice cream, milk
(B)tap water, gold, common salt, alloy
(c)milk, brass, silver, honey
(d) butter, petroleum, tap water, iron

Answers

Answer:

A  

Explanation:

All of the other options contain pure elements and/or compounds

what is an exothermic reaction? which has greater energy in an exothermic reaction, the reactants or the products?

Answers

The reactants has greater energy in an exothermic reaction. Exothermic reactions often produce heat as defined by thermochemistry.

What is an exothermic reaction?

Exothermic reactions often produce heat as defined by thermochemistry as "reactions for which the total standard enthalpy change H is negative."

According to the energy diagram below, in an exothermic reaction, the reactants have a greater energy level than the products. The products are therefore more stable than the reactants. Overall, the reaction's H H H is negative, meaning that energy is expelled as heat.

When new bonds form in the products, less energy is produced during an exothermic reaction than is required to break bonds in the reactants. Energy is continuously released during an exothermic process, frequently in the form of heat. Exothermic reactions characterise all combustion processes.

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A solution containing a nonvolatile solute will have a(n) vapor pressure than the pure solvent. The change in the vapor pressure is proportional to the fraction of the solute in the solution.

Answers

A solution containing a nonvolatile solute will have a lower vapor pressure than the pure solvent and the change in vapor pressure is directly proportional to the fraction of the solute in the solution.

What happens to a liquid when a non-volatile solute is dissolved in it?

The addition of a nonvolatile solute to a liquid solvent results in a lowering of the vapor pressure of the solvent.

The change in the vapor pressure is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solute in the solution.

Therefore, a solution containing a nonvolatile solute will have a lower vapor pressure than the pure solvent and the change in vapor pressure is directly proportional to the fraction of the solute in the solution.

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