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calculate the osmolarity of the following solutions, are these solutions hypotonic solution, isotonic solution, or hypertonic solution?



(a) osmolarity of 0.069 m na2co3 is ___, this solution is a ___ solution (hypotonic


hypertonic, or isotonic)



(b) osmolarity of 0.62 m ai(no3)3 is ___, this solution is a ___ solution


this solution is a



(c) osmolarity of a 0.30 m glucose (c6h1206) aqueous solution is ___, this solution is a ___ solution

Answer:

The ideal gas law specifies the mechanical behavior of ideal gases. It is capable of calculating the volume of gases produced or consumed.

In chemical equations, these equations are widely used to convert between volumes and molar quantities.

Use ideal gas law

Therefore

is the same for both So, = same for both.

When n increases, T decreases, so, n is 1 for and 0.5 for , implying that is hotter.

The temperatures of the gases will not be equal.

\(PV=nRT\)

∵V is the same for both

∴T= same for both.

When n increases, T decreases, so, n is 1 for hydrogen gas and 0.5 for  oxygen gas ,implying that oxygen gas will have more temperature than hydrogen gas since its number of moles are lower than hydrogen gas.

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Answer:

a. pH → 8.12

b. pH → 10.55

c. pH → 8.38

Explanation:

In this excersise, the first two salts come from a strong base and a weak acid, so the anion will make hydrolisis that can help us, to determine pH.

The  NH₄ClO₄ comes from a weak acid and a weak base. This is an special case.

a. KNO₂ →  K⁻  +  NO₂⁻

NO₂⁻  +  H₂O  ⇄  HNO₃  +  OH⁻        Kb = 1.41×10⁻¹¹

Kb = x² / (0.12 - x)

We can avoid the x in denominator because Kb it is a very low value. This expression is reduced to:

[OH⁻] = √(Kb . 0.12)

[OH⁻] = √(1.41×10⁻¹¹ . 0.12)  = 1.30×10⁻⁶ M

- log [OH⁻] = pOH → - log 1.30×10⁻⁶  = 5.88

14 - pOH = pH → 14 - 5.88 = 8.12

b. NaOCl  →  Na⁻  +  OCl⁻

OCl⁻  +  H₂O  ⇄  HClO  +  OH⁻        Kb = 3.33×10⁻⁷

The same as before, we avoid the x in denominator because Kb it is a very low value.

[OH⁻] = √(Kb . 0.37)

[OH⁻] = √(3.33×10⁻⁷ . 0.37)

[OH⁻] = 3.51×10⁻⁴ M

- log 3.51×10⁻⁴ = 3.45 → pOH

14 - 3.45 = 10.55 → pH

c. NH₄ClO₄ → NH₄⁺  +  ClO⁴⁻

Both ions can make hydrolisis in water. Ammonium can give ammonia and the hypochlorite makes hypochlorous acid.

NH₄⁺  +  H₂O  ⇄  NH₃  +  H₃O⁺      Ka = 5.7×10⁻¹⁰

OCl⁻  +  H₂O  ⇄  HClO  +  OH⁻        Kb = 3.33×10⁻⁷

The reduced expression to calculate pH for this sort of salts, is to make the square root of the product between the Ka constant.

As we have Kb for the HClO, we need to determine the Ka

Kw = Ka . Kb   →  Kw/Kb = Ka → 1×10⁻¹⁴ / 3.33×10⁻⁷ = 3×10⁻⁸

[H₃O⁺] = √(5.7×10⁻¹⁰ . 3×10⁻⁸) = 4.14×10⁻⁹ M

- log [H₃O⁺] = pH → - log 4.14×10⁻⁹ = 8.38

As per the calculations of the pH the solutions of 0.12 M KNO2 and 0.37 M NaOCl and the 0.39 M NH4ClO4 web assign have been made with a significant check on the figures.

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The new volume of the balloon will be determined by the Ideal Gas Law.

The Ideal Gas Law is a mathematical equation used to describe the behavior of an ideal gas under a given set of conditions. It states that, at a constant temperature and pressure, the pressure, volume and amount of gas present are all directly proportional.

This law states that the product of the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas is a constant.
Since the pressure of the balloon remains constant, the new volume is inversely proportional to the temperature.
Therefore, the new volume can be calculated by dividing the original volume (13.5 liters) by the ratio of the original temperature (248 K) to the new temperature (324 K),
which is 248/324 = 0.76.
The new volume of the balloon is then 13.5 liters / 0.76 = 17.76 liters.

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Answer:

Newton's Second Law states that an object's acceleration depends on the net force upon the object, as well as the object's mass.

So, a real world example of this would be pushing a vehicle out of a ditch. If your vehicle is a motorcycle, with a relatively small mass, then you don't need to apply much force on it, as compared to if the vehicle were a pickup truck, with a large mass, which would require much more force applied to move it out of the ditch.

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Answer:

One reason why it could be important is hitting a ball. if the ball is heavy it will be harder to hit it far than if its light.

If we have solution with Ethanol as solvent and Water as solute, it is expected that water will not be dissolved in ethanol, because of the polarity, since water is polar and ethanol is only a little bit polar, they don't mix, which means that water will not be dissolved in ethanol

The number of new reactions initiated by each neutron increases exponentially with each generation.

If each neutron produced in the first fission event initiates a fission event that produces one neutron in the products, and assuming that all the neutrons go on to initiate subsequent fission events, we can calculate the number of new reactions initiated by each neutron.

In the initial fission event, let's assume that there is only one neutron produced.

The initial fission event produces one neutron.

This neutron goes on to initiate a new fission event, producing another neutron.

At this point, we have two neutrons.

Each of these two neutrons can independently initiate a new fission event, resulting in two more neutrons.

Now we have a total of four neutrons.

Each of the four neutrons can independently initiate a new fission event, resulting in four more neutrons.

And so on. We see that with each generation, the number of neutrons doubles. Therefore, the number of new reactions that can be initiated by each neutron follows a geometric progression:

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ...

In general, if "n" represents the generation number (starting from 0 for the initial fission event), the number of new reactions initiated by each neutron in that generation is given by 2^n.

So, for example:

In the second generation (n = 1), each neutron can initiate 2^1 = 2 new reactions.

In the third generation (n = 2), each neutron can initiate 2^2 = 4 new reactions.

The number of new reactions initiated by each neutron increases exponentially with each generation.

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All of the methods (1) to (4) could potentially be used to separate peptides produced by chymotrypsin treatment,

Depending on the specific properties of the peptides and the separation conditions.

(1) Chromatography on a cationic column, at pH=7, could be used to separate peptides based on their charge properties.

(2) Chromatography on an anionic column, at pH=4, could also be used to separate peptides based on their charge properties, but in this case, the pH is lower, and the column is negatively charged, so peptides with a net positive charge would bind less strongly and elute earlier, while peptides with a net negative charge would bind more strongly and elute later.

(3) Size exclusion chromatography could be used to separate peptides based on their size. Peptides that are larger would elute earlier, while smaller peptides would elute later, as they pass through the porous stationary phase.

(4) Electrophoresis could be used to separate peptides based on their charge properties and size. Peptides with a net positive charge would migrate towards the negative electrode, while peptides with a net negative charge would migrate towards the positive electrode.

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Answer:

b. 760 g

Explanation:

The mass of the solution = 800 g

5% of NaCl by mass of the solution can be determined as follows;

    5% of 800  =  \(\frac{5}{100}\) × 800

                       = 5 × 8

                       = 40 g

The mass of NaCl in the solution is 40 g.

The mass of water = mass of solution - mass of NaCl

                               = 800 - 40

                              = 760 g

Therefore, the mass of water required is 760 g.

Answer:

The reaction is exothermic because the energy of each bond in the reactants is less than the energy of a bond in the products is the right answer

The reactions based on the absorption and release of the energy are called endothermic and exothermic reactions. The reaction is exothermic.

Exothermic reactions are the reaction in which the reactant produces products that release energy from the system to the surroundings. In the reaction bond energy of the reactant is less than the product.

Energy from the system is released in the form of heat, sound, light and electricity. The weak bonds of the compounds are replaced with stronger ones and the standard enthalpy of the reaction is negative.

Therefore, option c. reaction is exothermic is correct.

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Free fatty acids do not typically form bilayers because they possess a single long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) at one end. The carboxylic acid group is polar and hydrophilic (water-loving), while the hydrocarbon chain is nonpolar and hydrophobic (water-repellent).

Carboxylic acids are a class of organic compounds that consist of a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to a hydrocarbon chain. They are considered one of the most important and versatile functional groups in organic chemistry. The carboxyl group is composed of a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to the same carbon atom.

Carboxylic acids are typically acidic due to the presence of the carboxyl group, which can donate a proton (H+) to a base. They exhibit several characteristic chemical properties, including the ability to form salts, esters, amides, and anhydrides. The length and structure of the hydrocarbon chain attached to the carboxyl group can vary, resulting in a wide range of carboxylic acids with different physical and chemical properties.

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Answer: C

Explanation:

Answer:

touch it :)

Explanation:

Answer: I Believe The answer to this question is to hover your hand over the piece of Metal, life what'd you do in a house fire to tell if the doorknob is hot.

Explanation:

Answer:

it is alkali

Explanation:

hope it helps you

Answer:

Closed-toe shoes, long pants, a lab coat, safety glasses with side shields or splash goggles, and gloves.

Explanation:

The burning of souse is a physical change whereas boiling sugar to make caramel is a chemical change. But both are caused by heating. Hence option C is correct.

Chemical changes involves making or breaking of chemical bonds. Whereas a physical change does not involve any bond making or breaking. The change in phase or state is a physical change.

For example, the conversion of a substance from liquid state to vapour state or solid to liquid are examples of physical changes. Whereas, chemical reaction such as combination of two reactants or decomposition results in new products by bond breaking or making or both.

These reactions are chemical changes. The boiling of sugar is a physical change. But when it is changed to caramel there occurs a chemical change since new product is formed.

Boiling sauce is also a physical change. Thus the common thing in these two situations is both are made by heating.

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Sauce burning on stove is a physical change and boiling of sugar to caramel is a example of chemical change. Both changes are caused by heating.

Burning is the chemical process of combustion, an object quickly combines with oxygen to produce heat. The initial material is referred to as the fuel, and the oxygen's source as the oxidizer.

However, as fire is a natural occurrence, nature has changed as a result of it. Periodic fires are beneficial to many ecosystems because they sweep out decaying organic matter; certain plant and animal populations depend on the advantages of fire for survival and reproduction.

Thus, option C is correct.

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A bimetallic strip used in thermostats relies on the fact that different metals have different coefficients of thermal expansion. This means that when these metals are heated or cooled, they expand or contract at different rates.

The bimetallic strip in a thermostat consists of two different metals, such as brass and steel, bonded together. When the strip is exposed to a change in temperature, one metal will expand or contract more than the other due to their different coefficients of thermal expansion. This causes the strip to bend or curve, with the side of the metal that expands more facing away from the heat source.

In a thermostat, this bending motion is used to control the temperature. As the bimetallic strip bends in response to temperature changes, it either opens or closes a switch. For example, when the temperature in a room rises, the strip bends and opens the switch, turning off the heating system. Conversely, when the temperature drops, the strip bends the other way and closes the switch, turning the heating system back on.

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17.41°C is the temperature of the Ethanol increase

q=mct

t=q/mc

t=2090/50×2.43

t=17.41°C

Heat or cold are measured in terms of temperature. It may be defined in terms of a number of arbitrary scales and shows how heat energy naturally moves from a hotter to a cooler substance (one at a lower temperature). Even if a match burns at a considerably greater temperature than an iceberg, an iceberg has a lot higher overall heat energy. The energy of a thermodynamic system differs from temperature.

Temperature, along with pressure, density, and other related qualities, is referred to as an intense property—one that is independent of the amount of material being addressed—in contrast to broad characteristics like mass or volume.

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During the light reactions water is oxidized to O2. hydrogen go to Used in the reduction of NADP+.

The photolysis process, sometimes referred to as the light reaction, occurs when light is present. Typically, it occurs in the chloroplasts' grana. Pigment molecules are present in photosystems. One of the key pigments in plants that actively participates in light-related processes like photosynthesis is chlorophyll. In the chloroplast of the mesophyll cells of the leaves, a light-dependent process takes place. The stacked disc-like structures known as thylakoids make up the double-membraned cell organelles known as chloroplasts. The membrane of these thylakoids contains the pigment chlorophyll, which is necessary for the process and is where the light reaction takes place.

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Solubility rules refer to a set of guidelines for predicting the solubility of different ionic compounds in water. According to solubility rules, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is insoluble in water, so it is the ionic compound that is insoluble in water. The other ionic compounds are soluble in water.

Solubility Rules:Solubility rules refer to a set of guidelines used to predict the solubility of different ionic compounds in water. The rules can be used to determine which ionic compounds will dissolve in water and which ones will not. The solubility of ionic compounds is determined by the strength of the attractive forces between the ions in the compound and the water molecules.Solubility rules:

If an ionic compound contains the following ions, it will be soluble in water:

Sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), ammonium (NH4+), and nitrate (NO3-)If an ionic compound contains the following ions, it will be slightly soluble in water:

Calcium (Ca2+), strontium (Sr2+), and barium (Ba2+)If an ionic compound contains the following ions, it will be insoluble in water:

Carbonate (CO32-), phosphate (PO43-), hydroxide (OH-), and sulfide (S2-)

Therefore, the ionic compound that is insoluble in water is CaCO3 (Calcium Carbonate) as it contains carbonate ions.

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Answer:

Mass is amount of matter. Weight is how that matter is affected by gravity.

Explanation:

That oil sands executive is greedy and heartless and therefore can't be trusted when she claims is Ad hominem attack. So, Option B is correct.

4-  The argument in question 4 is an example of an ad hominem attack. This is due to the argument's focus on the character of the oil sands executuive rather than the actual problem, which is how to improve the company's environmental record.

The argument holds that the executive cannot be believed when she says she wants to improve the company's environmental record because she is avaricious and callous. This is an error in logic, though, as the executive's character may not necessarily be related to the company's environmental policies.

5-  The argument in question 5 is an example of an appeal to ignorance. This is because the argument states that there is no proof that humans are causing climate change, so it must be natural causes. Just because there is no conclusive proof that humans are causing climate change, it does not mean that they are not.

The argument assumes that just because there is no evidence to the contrary, the argument must be true. This is a logical fallacy.

So, Option B is correct.

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The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and sulfur can be written as:Mg + S → MgSUsing this equation, we can determine the number of grams of magnesium sulfide produced when 2.3 grams of magnesium combines with 7.6 grams of sulfur. The first step is to determine which of the reactants is limiting.

The limiting reactant is the reactant that is completely consumed when the reaction goes to completion. The other reactant is in excess and will be left over once the reaction is complete.To determine the limiting reactant, we need to convert the mass of each reactant to moles. The molar mass of magnesium is 24.31 g/mol, and the molar mass of sulfur is 32.06 g/mol.Moles of Mg = 2.3 g / 24.31 g/mol = 0.0945 molMoles of S = 7.6 g / 32.06 g/mol = 0.237 molThe ratio of moles of magnesium to moles of sulfur is 1:1.

Therefore, magnesium is the limiting reactant.To determine the mass of magnesium sulfide produced, we need to use the stoichiometry of the balanced equation. One mole of magnesium reacts with one mole of sulfur to produce one mole of magnesium sulfide. Therefore, 0.0945 moles of magnesium will react with 0.0945 moles of sulfur to produce 0.0945 moles of magnesium sulfide.Mass of MgS = 0.0945 mol × 56.30 g/mol = 5.32 g.

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The chromium ion has been oxidized, meaning it has lost electrons while the dichromate ion has been reduced, meaning it has gained electrons.

The oxidation of the chromium ion (Cr) to dichromate ion (Cr2O7^-2) in basic aqueous solution is given as follows:

Cr → Cr2O7^-2

Since we are in a basic solution, we need to balance the charge of the reaction by adding OH^- ions to both sides of the reaction. The number of OH^- ions added should be equal to the number of H^+ ions that would be produced by the oxidation reaction.

The equation becomes:

Cr → Cr2O7^-2 + 14OH^- + 6e^-

The oxidation half-reaction of Cr is therefore:

Cr → Cr2O7^-2 + 14OH^- + 6e^-

You can write the state of the different compounds to get the complete balanced half-reaction as follows:

Cr(s) → Cr2O7^-2(aq) + 14OH^-(aq) + 6e^-(aq)

You should note that the chromium ion has been oxidized, meaning it has lost electrons while the dichromate ion has been reduced, meaning it has gained electrons.

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Answer:

1.55 moles if i am correct.

Answer:

The pistil, B.

Explanation:

The seeds are formed from the ovule which is contained in the ovary; all in the base, the pistil.

Answer:52!

Explanation: