Joan was born with six toes on each foot, a dominant trait called polydactyly. Two of her five siblings and her mother, but not her father, also have extra digits. What is Joan's genotype for the number-of-digits character? Explain your answer. Use D and d to symbolize the aleles for this character.
Answers
Joan's genotype for the number-of-digits character (polydactyly) can be deduced. Let's use D to symbolize the dominant allele for polydactyly (having extra digits) and d to symbolize the recessive allele (normal number of digits).
Since polydactyly is a dominant trait, individuals with either one or two copies of the dominant allele will express the phenotype. We know that Joan has six toes on each foot, which indicates that she expresses the polydactyly phenotype. Since her father does not have extra digits, it suggests that he does not carry the dominant allele and is most likely homozygous recessive (dd) for the number-of-digits gene.
Now, let's consider Joan's mother and siblings. We are told that two of her five siblings and her mother have extra digits, indicating that they also express the polydactyly phenotype. From this information, we can infer that Joan's mother must carry at least one copy of the dominant allele (D) since she expresses the polydactyly phenotype. Joan's mother could be either heterozygous (Dd) or homozygous dominant (DD).
Given that Joan has polydactyly and her father is homozygous recessive (dd), the only way for Joan to inherit the polydactyly trait is if she receives a dominant allele (D) from her mother. Therefore, Joan's genotype for the number-of-digits character would be heterozygous (Dd), with one dominant allele (D) and one recessive allele (d).
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Related Questions
Imagine you are setting up a set of experiments to demonstrate the interdependence of the photosynthesis process and the aerobic cellular respiration processPredict what will hoppen in the following experiments based on what you know about photosynthesis and respiration aYou place plant alone in a covered airtight container in the presence of sunlight. Assume a watering system is provided. What will happen to the plant (will it live or die), and why? You place a mouse alone in a covered airtight container with food and a source of water. What will happen to the mouse (will it live or die), and why . You place a plant and a mouse together in a covered airtight container with food, water, and sunlight. What will happen to the plant and the mouse (will they live or die, and why ?
Answers
In the first and second experiments, no doubt that the plant and mouse will end up dead but in the third experiment they will both live.
Photosynthesis ExperimentFirst Experiment
In the first experiment, the plant will carry out photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight, producing oxygen as a byproduct and using water and carbon dioxide to create glucose.
However, in an airtight container, the oxygen produced by photosynthesis cannot escape, and the carbon dioxide produced by respiration cannot enter.
As a result, the concentration of oxygen in the container will decrease, and the concentration of carbon dioxide will increase. Eventually, the plant will run out of oxygen and will not be able to carry out aerobic respiration, leading to its death.
Second Experiment
In the second experiment, the mouse will carry out aerobic respiration, using the oxygen in the container to produce energy from the food it consumes.
However, in an airtight container, the oxygen will be gradually consumed by the mouse, and the concentration of carbon dioxide produced by respiration will increase. Eventually, the mouse will run out of oxygen and will not be able to carry out aerobic respiration, leading to its death.
Third Experiment
In the third experiment, the plant and the mouse will interact in a mutually beneficial way. The plant will carry out photosynthesis, producing oxygen that the mouse can use for aerobic respiration, and the mouse will produce carbon dioxide that the plant can use for photosynthesis. As a result, the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the container will remain relatively constant, and both the plant and the mouse will be able to carry out their respective metabolic processes, allowing them to live. However, it is important to note that an airtight container is not a suitable environment for long-term survival, as it does not allow for gas exchange with the outside environment, and other factors such as temperature and humidity can also affect the organisms' survival.
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How does the respiratory system work with the skeletal system
Answers
Answer:
The skeletal system provides structure to soft tissue in the upper respiratory tract. The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid (the long section, shown in blue) separates the nasal cavity into sides. The perpendicular plate is one of the structures that help form the nasal septum
Which of the following is true about skin, bones, the heart, and intestines?
Answers
Answer:
Each of these organs is made of tissues composed of different kinds of specialized cells
Explanation:
•Which best describes how an ionic bond forms ?
A. Two atoms share valence electrons
B. Two molecules share an electron
C. Two atoms both lose an electron
D. One atom pulls an electron from another atom
Answers
Answer:
One atom pulls an electron from another atom.
Explanation:
In Ionic bonds, donating and gaining of electrons takes places.
the population projection technique that allocates a projected population expansion to subregional areas is called:
Answers
The population projection technique that allocates a projected population expansion to subregional areas is called shift share approach.
What is population?
A community's inhabitants who belong to the same species. A population's makeup is influenced by things like density, sex ratios, birth and death rates, immigration, and emigration.
What is sub region?
A biogeographic region's major division. subregional.
Therefore, the population projection technique that allocates a projected population expansion to subregional areas is called shift share approach.
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As you observe an unknown cell under a microscope, you make the following observations. Need help ASAP. Thanks!
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Answer:
Plant cellHope it helps youDuring Mitosis, in which phase do two nuclei form?
Answers
How could the basic compounds necessary for life have been formed on early Earth
Answers
Answer: The Miller-Urey experiment provided the first evidence that organic molecules needed for life could be formed from inorganic components. Some scientists support the RNA world hypothesis, which suggests that the first life was self-replicating RNA.
Explanation:
Simple organic compounds might have come to early Earth on meteorites.
the origin of a muscle is associated with the stabilizing bone, while the insertion is associated with the bone that moves. select one: a. true b. false
Answers
The correct answer is option A.
The origin of a muscle is associated with the stabilizing bone, while the insertion is associated with the bone that moves. The given statement is true.
The origin of a muscle is the attachment point that remains relatively stable during muscular contraction, and it is typically associated with the stabilizing bone or the bone that remains stationary. The insertion, on the other hand, is the attachment point of the muscle that moves when the muscle contracts and it is typically associated with the bone that undergoes movement.
During muscular contraction, the muscle pulls on the insertion bone, causing movement around a joint. The origin and insertion of a muscle play a vital role in determining the range of motion and the specific actions a muscle can perform.
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what are extinct animals ?
Answers
Which best defines a gene?
A. A gene is a unit of protein that contains the
genetic code.
B. A gene is a unit of DNA that contains code
for the creation of one protein.
C. A gene is a unit of DNA that contains the
code for the creation of amino acids.
D. none of the above
Answers
How do the components of sugar molecules combine to form proteins and other larger carbon based molecules?
Answers
contact metamorphism takes place when rocks___pressure
Answers
Contact metamorphism is a type of metamorphism that occurs due to high temperature and low pressure when rocks are in direct contact with igneous intrusions. This process leads to the formation of new minerals and changes in the texture and appearance of the original rock. Contact metamorphism can occur in various rock types but is more commonly associated with sedimentary rocks.
Contact metamorphism is a type of metamorphism that occurs when rocks are exposed to high temperature and low pressure due to the intrusion of hot magma. This process often leads to the formation of new minerals and changes in the texture and appearance of the original rock.
Contact metamorphism occurs when rocks are in direct contact with an igneous intrusion, which introduces high temperature and low pressure to the surrounding rocks. This type of metamorphism is also known as thermal metamorphism since it is caused by heat. The temperature increase can be caused by a variety of events, such as the intrusion of magma, the proximity to a volcanic vent, or a contact with a hot geothermal system.
The heat causes the minerals within the rocks to become unstable, leading to the recrystallization of minerals and the formation of new minerals. The type of new minerals formed is determined by the composition of the original rock and the temperature and pressure of the metamorphism. For example, the mineral hornfels, which is typically fine-grained and contains a mix of minerals such as quartz, feldspar, and mica, can form from shale that has been exposed to high temperatures.
The pressure during contact metamorphism is generally low because the rocks are not subjected to the weight of overlying rocks or the compression associated with tectonic forces. As a result, the changes in texture and appearance of the rocks are often limited. The original texture and structure of the rock may be partially or completely replaced by new minerals, but the overall shape of the rock is typically preserved.
Contact metamorphism can occur in a variety of rock types, including sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. However, it is more commonly associated with the heating of sedimentary rocks, such as shale, sandstone, and limestone, since they are typically found in the upper layers of the Earth's crust and are more likely to be in contact with igneous intrusions.
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How many of each nitrogenous base is in your template?
Answers
Answer:
four nitrogenous bases
Explanation:
Helped by none other than the #QUEEN herself #DRIPPQUEENMO
Answer:
it kinda hard to answer so use
G
O
O
G
L
E
Explanation:
Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as pesticides, may reduce fertility in males by interfering with their ability to produce gam
toxins are most likely having an effect on the
testes and progesterone
2.
ovaries and testosterone
3.
ovaries and estrogen
4
testes and testosterone
Answers
Answer:4
Explanation: i’m smart
WILL MARK BRAINLIEST.
How can PCR and gel electrophoresis be used to identify people?
Answers
Answer: answer
Explanation: Using PCR, a DNA sequence can be amplified millions or billions of times, producing enough DNA copies to be analyzed using other techniques. For instance, the DNA may be visualized by gel electrophoresis, sent for sequencing, or digested with restriction enzymes and cloned into a plasmid.
PCR can be used to amplify short fragments of DNA, while gel electrophoresis can be used to determine how large these DNA fragments in a given sample are.
The Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used methodology in molecular biology in order to amplify short fragments of DNA (about 1000 base pairs) from a given sample.
The order of nucleotides in the DNA molecule is specific to each individual, thereby the amplification of regions showing sequence polymorphisms can result very useful in order to identify individuals, populations, species, etc.
The DNA regions showing polymorphisms between nucleotide sequences are known as molecular markers.
For example, microsatellites are specific nucleotide sequences (i.e. loci) that serve as molecular markers because they exhibit differences in length among individuals.
In consequence, PCR amplification and subsequent separation in an electrophoresis gel enable the identification of individuals by comparing DNA samples.
In conclusion, PCR can be used to amplify short fragments of DNA, while gel electrophoresis can be used to determine how large these DNA fragments in a given sample are.
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3. Choose the answer that describes biological weathering.
A. acid in water acting on limestone
B. stone and boulders moved by water
C. salt crystallization forming tafoni
D. lichen growing on rocks
Answers
Answer:
should be B
Explanation:
Answer:
c
Explanation:
Lichen growing on rocks and types of bacteria produce chemicals that weather minerals 3 to 4 times faster than normal.
what kind of cells can develop from pluripotent stem cells?
Answers
Answer:
Pluripotent cells can give rise to all of the cell types that make up the body; embryonic stem cells are considered pluripotent. Multipotent cells can develop into more than one cell type, but are more limited than pluripotent cells; adult stem cells and cord blood stem cells are considered multipotent.
Primers bind to single strands of DNA by: hydrogen bonding Phosphodiester binding base excision repair entropy Question 6 0.2pts If you start with just one copy of template DNA in PCR, how many copies will you have after 10 cycles (if it works perfectly?) (Choose the ONE best answer) 10 to the power of 2 4 to the power of 10 2 to the power of 10 10 to the power of 4 Which of the following types of research have benefited from PCR technology? (Choose ALL correct answers) Studying ancient DNA Analyzing DNA from crime scenes Studying the chemical composition of lipid bilayers Determining whether a patient has an infection Question 8 0.2pts Why is PCR so valuable? It allows purification of millions of copies of a single sequence of RNA It allows purification of a few copies of a single sequence of DNA It allows purification of millions of copies of the entire genome It allows purification of millions of copies of a single sequence of DNA
Answers
Primers bind to single strands of DNA by hydrogen bonding.
The answer to the second question is: 2 to the power of 10.
The third answer is: Studying ancient DNA, analyzing DNA from crime scenes, and determining whether a patient has an infection.
The fourth answer is: It allows purification of millions of copies of a single sequence of DNA.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful molecular biology technique that amplifies a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA and produces millions or billions of copies of the amplified DNA sequence. This technique is beneficial because it allows purification of millions of copies of a single sequence of DNA.
PCR is an essential technique in molecular biology that has revolutionized scientific research and discoveries. With the use of PCR technology, scientists can amplify DNA samples to identify and study genetic diseases, ancient DNA, genetic diversity, gene regulation, and more.
PCR technology has enabled scientists to explore and study genetics and genomics in different fields.
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The law of___________explains how traits are inherited through generations.
ANSWER CHOICES: Alleles,dominance,Generations,and codominance
Answers
Answer:
alleles
Explanation:
alleles have genetic info in them
What is the difference between the genetic material on two sister chromatids and the genetic material on homologous chromosomes ?
Answers
if two species of woodpeckers eat two different kinds of beetle larvae on pine trees in a forest, we would identify that as:
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If two species of woodpeckers eat two different kinds of beetle larvae on pine trees in a forest, we would identify that as resource partitioning.
A species is both a unit of biodiversity and an organism's basic taxonomic classification in biology. A species is the largest collection of organisms in which any two people of the appropriate sexes or mating types can conceive a fertile offspring, typically through sexual reproduction. In addition, a species can be recognized by its karyotype, DNA pattern, anatomical features, behavioral traits, or ecological niche. Additionally, paleontologists employ the chronospecies concept because fossil reproduction cannot be investigated.
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If the evolution of different niches is the result of morphological changes, then ____________ has occurred.
Answers
If the evolution of different niches is the result of morphological changes, then adaptive radiation has occurred.
Adaptive radiation refers to the process by which a single ancestral species evolves into a variety of different forms that are adapted to different ecological niches.
This process is typically driven by natural selection, which favors individuals with traits that allow them to exploit new resources or environments more effectively.
Morphological changes are one of the key drivers of adaptive radiation, as they allow organisms to acquire new adaptations that are specialized for particular niches.
For example, the evolution of beak shape and size in the Galapagos finches allowed different species to specialize in different food sources, such as seeds, insects, or nectar.
These morphological changes were driven by differences in selective pressures in different environments, which led to the divergence of different finch species.
Overall, adaptive radiation is an important mechanism of evolutionary change that allows organisms to diversify and exploit new ecological opportunities.
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Please answer, it's okay if you don't want to :)
34. Many paleontologists hypothesize that present-day whales evolved from ancient ancestors that had four legs and walked on land. Evidence for that hypothesis would be a sequence of whale-like fossils in which the oldest fossils have, 1:________ & the most recent fossils had,2:_________ appendages
Answers
Many paleontologists hypothesize that present-day whales evolved from ancient ancestors that had four legs and walked on land. Evidence for that hypothesis would be a sequence of whale-like fossils in which the oldest fossils have, 1: four legs & the most recent fossils had,2: Fin-like appendages.
What should you know about the oldest whale fossils?The oldest fossils of whales are known to be about 50 million years old.
These fossils have four legs and a short tail.
They are also called Archaeocetes and were predicted to have been semi-aquatic animals that spent some time on land and some time in the water.
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in plants, tubes transport nutrients throughout the plant. which parts carry out that function in humans?
Answers
Answer:
blood vessels
Explanation:
blood vessels transport nutrients in human body
An amoeba is a single-celled organism that feeds on algae, plant cells, and bacteria. When an amoeba feeds, it first makes contact with the food particle. Next, the amoeba starts to surround the particle. Once the particle is completely engulfed, it is surrounded by a layer of the amoeba's membrane, forming a vesicle. The pH in the vesicle is then lowered and the contents are degraded.
What type of transport is involved in this process?
A.
endocytosis
B.
diffusion
C.
passive transport
D.
exocytosis
Answers
Answer:
A. endocytosis
Explanation:
Endocytosis is the type of transport that is involved in this process because it engulf the food material. Amoeba engulfs food particles with the help of its pseudopodia which are the projections of cell membranes. A food vacuole is formed around the food particle. This process of engulfing a matter by the projections of the cell membrane to form a vacuole is called endocytosis.
Now write the mRNA strand for the given DNA strand.
5. ATG TCG CTG ATA CTG
6
Answers
Genes contain specific instructions for how to make(1 point)
nucleotides.
proteins.
gametes.
carbon.
Question 2
A) Epigenetic changes are generally(1 point)
not heritable genetic changes that are specific to an individual.
heritable "on/off switches" for gene sequences due to environmental factors.
not heritable changes in gene structure of a population.
heritable changes in genetic sequences of a population.
Question 3
A) Meiosis produces(1 point)
hydrogen molecules
RNA
skin cells
gamete cells
Question 4
A) Which factor could increase the possibility of mutations in your offspring?(1 point)
nothing because mutations are not inherited
having a mutation on a non-gamete cell
smoking tobacco
nothing because mutations are random
Question 5
A) Epigenetics are different than mutations in that mutations:(1 point)
can be inherited
can change traits
cannot be inherited
can change DNA sequences
Answers
Answer:
1. proteins
2. heritable on/off switches for gene sequences due to environmental factors
3. gamete cells
4. smoking tobacco
5. can change DNA sequences
1. Genes contain specific instructions for how to make proteins.
Some genes contains information to make proteins.
2. Epigenetic changes are generally heritable "on/off switches" for gene sequences due to environmental factors.
Epigenetics is defined as the study of the behaviors and the environment which can cause changes in the way that genes work.
3. Meiosis produces gamete cells.
Meiosis is defined as a cell division process which lowers the chromosomes cell number in the parent by half and also produces four gamete cells.
4. Smoking tobacco increase the possibility of mutations in your offspring.
Mutation is a alteration or change in the DNA. Consuming tobacco may lead to changes in the chromosome patterns in the DNA.
5. Epigenetics are different than mutations in that mutations can change DNA sequences.
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Is the sympathetic system part of the central or peripheral nervous systems?
Answers
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
Homeotic genes in virtually all animals are said to show collinearity between the spatial arrangement of the tissues they act on as well as what other feature?
gene expression
cell location
gene induction
gene location
Answers
Homeotic genes in virtually all animals show collinearity between the spatial arrangement of the tissues they act on as well as gene expression.
Collinearity refers to the correspondence between the spatial arrangement of body segments or structures and the order in which the genes responsible for their development are arranged in the genome. Homeotic genes, also known as Hox genes, play a crucial role in specifying the identity and development of body segments or tissues during embryonic development. They determine the spatial organization and differentiation of various body parts, such as limbs, organs, and sensory structures.
One striking feature of homeotic genes is their collinearity with respect to both tissue arrangement and gene expression. Collinearity means that the sequential order of homeotic genes along the chromosome corresponds to the sequential order of the body parts they control along the body axis. In other words, the spatial arrangement of the genes in the genome mirrors the spatial arrangement of the body parts they influence.
For example, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the Antennapedia complex contains five homeotic genes responsible for the development of the head and thoracic segments. These genes are arranged in the same order along the chromosome as the body segments they govern, starting with the most anterior (head) segment and ending with the most posterior (thoracic) segment. The collinearity observed in these genes ensures that the spatial organization of the segments accurately corresponds to their genetic control.
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