Answers
In the absence of mutation, gene flow, random mating, and selection, the gene frequencies can be determined from the equation if the allele frequencies are known.
Only a theoretical method of determining gene frequency is used.
Therefore, another allele's frequency can be estimated if the frequency of one allele is known.
What is mutation?
Any modification to the DNA sequence of a cell. Mutations can occur as a result of environmental DNA-damaging agents being exposed to, or as a result of errors in cell division. Mutations could be harmful, helpful, or ineffectual. However, if mutations occur in the cells that make eggs or sperm, they may be passed on to offspring. Mutations that occur in other types of cells are not passed on to offspring. Specific mutations have been linked to cancer and other disorders. A mutation is also referred to as a variant.
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Related Questions
True of false Mendel realized that when he crossed two pea plants that were the offspring of a pea plant with yellow peas and a pea plant with green peas 50% of the offspring had yellow peas and 50% of the offspring had greem peas.
Answers
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Mendel realized that the F2 had a phenotypic ratio 3:1, meaning 3/4 = 75% were yellow and 1/4 = 25% green.
Mendel observed that the F1 expressed only one of the alternative variants (in this case, only yellow seeds appeared), while the other variant (green) disappeared. Mendel named dominant the expressed variant. Mendel allowed auto pollination and observed that in the second generation, F2, the other disappeared variant reappeared. Both alternative variants were present in the F2. Mendel named recessive the second alternative variant.
Mendel thought that hereditary traits determined by discrete factors were the possible explication for these phenotypes. These factors should have been present in the F1 in pairs. One of them came from one parental plant, and the other factor came from the other plant. These factors then separated again when sex cells were produced, giving two types of gametes, each with only one factor.
Mendel concluded that each individual (plant) has a pair of factors (alleles), one for each trait (yellow and green) and that the pair separates (segregates) during the formation of the gametes. This conclusion is known as the segregation principle (First Mendels´ Low).
Consider a neuron in which the Cl- concentration inside of the cell is 15 mM and outside of the cell is 140 mM. Once the ions flow and reach an equilibrium, approximately what will be the concentration of Cl- inside of the cell
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - negative.
Explanation:
Cl- ion is more concentrated outside of the cell, as it is given 140 and therefore it will try to move to the inside of the given cell as inside ion concentration is low.
At last, the diffusive force will be get to equilibrium due to an electrostatic force pulling Cl- ions back out of the cell. At this equilibrium point, Cl- ions will moved towards to the the neuron and cause the membrane potential to be more negative.
which organism is both a primary consumer and a secondary consumer in this web
Answers
Answer:
Omnivores
Explanation:
Omnivores, which feed on both plants and animals, can be considered as being both primary and secondary consumers.
Answer:
An organism cannot serve as both a main consumer and a secondary consumer at the same time in an ecological food web.
Explanation:
A primary consumer, usually referred to as a herbivore, consumes other producers such as plants directly. In a food chain or web, they are located on the second trophic level.
While a secondary consumer feeds on primary consumers. In a food chain or web, they are located on the third trophic level.
Each creature normally resides in a certain trophic level, which indicates its place in the movement of nutrients and energy through the ecosystem. An organism cannot occupy the primary consumer and secondary consumer levels at the same time, even if it can travel up or down the food chain/web by consuming other creatures
So, no organism can serve as both primary consumer and secondary consumer.
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Please put the following in order from Least Inclusive to MOST inclusive...
Organs Molecules Organ Systems
Organism Cells Tissue
A) Organism -> Organ Systems -> Organs -> Tissue -> Cells -> Molecules
B)Atoms -> Cells -> Molecules -> Organs-> Organ Systems -> Organism
C) Molecules -> Cells -> Tissue -> Organs -> Organ Systems -> Organism
D) Cells -> Organism-> Tissue -> Organ Systems -> Molecules -> Organs
Answers
Which climate zone gets the least amount of direct sunlight? The most direct sunlight?
Y’all know?
Answers
2. The equator
What cell structure do some eukaryotes and plant cells have that eukaryote animal cells do NOT have?
1. cell membrane
2. cell wall
3. ribosomes
4. cytoplasm
Answers
Answer:
The answer is 2.cell wall
Explanation:
Cell wall is only present in plant cell because it provide shape and rigidity to the plant cell and it allow any kind of substances to enter through it.
Hope it helps ;)
Which is needed to obtain DNA from a crime scene or an individual?
Which is needed to obtain DNA from a crime scene or an individual?
clothing fibers
fingerprints
pedigree analysis
cells
Answers
To obtain DNA from a crime scene or an individual, the key requirement is cells.
Clothing fibers, fingerprints, and pedigree analysis are not directly related to the collection or extraction of DNA. DNA, the genetic material, is contained within cells of an individual's body.
Therefore, to obtain DNA, one needs a sample that contains viable cells. This can include various biological materials like blood, saliva, hair follicles with the root, skin cells, or semen.
These samples are collected using appropriate forensic techniques and then subjected to DNA extraction processes to isolate and analyze the genetic material.
Through DNA analysis, forensic investigators can establish links between individuals, identify suspects, or provide evidence in criminal investigations.
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10. Refer to p. 484 of your textbook. In sex-linked heredity, the characteristic gene is found on the X
(sex) chromosomes; therefore, it is inherited along with the sex of the individual. Hemophilia (X") is
the result of a recessive sex-linked allele. A carrier has one recessive allele for hemophilia; therefore,
she does not have hemophilia but can pass it on. If a normal male marries a carrier, what is the
probability that they will produce a male child who will be a hemophiliac? What is the probability
that they will produce a female child who will have the disease? What is the probability that they
will have a daughter who is a carrier?
Answers
Answer:
they have a chance of 25% of producing a male child who will be haemophiliac.
Explanation:
0% of producing a female child who will have haemophilia
25% of having a daughter who is a carrier
what best defines a diploid cell during meiosis
Answers
Answer:
a cell that has half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
What are potential harms of minimally invasive tests like blood work or an ecg? select all that apply.
Answers
Minimally invasive tests like blood work or an ECG (electrocardiogram) have numerous benefits, but there are potential harms associated with them as well.
The potential harms of these tests include:
1. Discomfort: Blood work involves the insertion of a needle into a vein, which can cause discomfort or pain. Similarly, an ECG requires the attachment of electrodes to the skin, which some individuals may find uncomfortable.
2. Bruising or bleeding: Blood work may lead to bruising or bleeding at the site of the needle insertion. This can occur if a blood vessel is damaged during the procedure or if the patient has a bleeding disorder.
3. Infection: There is a slight risk of infection associated with both blood work and an ECG. Although the risk is low, it is still possible to develop an infection at the site of needle insertion or where the electrodes are placed.
4. Allergic reactions: In rare cases, individuals may have allergic reactions to the materials used in blood work or the adhesive used to attach electrodes in an ECG. These reactions can range from mild skin irritation to more severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing.
5. False results: Both blood work and an ECG can potentially produce false results. Factors such as improper sample handling, equipment malfunction, or patient movement during the procedure can affect the accuracy of the test.
It's important to note that these potential harms are relatively uncommon and the benefits of these tests typically outweigh the risks. However, it is always essential to discuss any concerns or risks with a healthcare professional before undergoing these tests.
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Which of the following virulence factors directly contributes to severe inflammation? a. Kinase b. Collagenase c. Hyaluronidase d. Coagulase e. Lipid
Answers
The virulence factor that directly contributes to severe inflammation among the options provided is Coagulase. Option d is correct.
Coagulase is an enzyme produced by certain bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. It plays a crucial role in the evasion of the host immune response and the establishment of infection. Coagulase promotes blood clot formation by converting fibrinogen (a soluble plasma protein) into fibrin (an insoluble protein).
This clot formation around the bacteria provides a protective shield, enabling the bacteria to evade phagocytosis by immune cells and establish a localized infection.
The formation of a blood clot at the site of infection triggers a cascade of inflammatory responses, leading to the recruitment of immune cells and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. This, in turn, results in severe inflammation characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain.
In summary, coagulase is a virulence factor that directly contributes to severe inflammation by promoting blood clot formation, which triggers an inflammatory response at the site of infection.
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What is the meaning of the safety symbol shown below?
A. Electrical equipment
OB. Poison
C. Eye safety
OD. Broken glass
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
No picture
A molecule that binds to a specific codon and specific amino acid simultaneously A.) Messenger RNA B.) Ribosomal RNA C.) Synthetase enzymes D.) ATP
Answers
A molecule that binds to a specific codon and a specific amino acid simultaneously is C.) Synthetase enzymes.
Synthetase enzymes, also known as aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, are responsible for for binding a specific amino acid to its corresponding tRNA molecule, a process called aminoacylation. During this process, the enzyme recognizes a specific codon on the tRNA molecule and the corresponding amino acid. It then catalyzes the formation of a covalent bond between the amino acid and the tRNA molecule, thus creating an aminoacyl-tRNA complex.
The specificity of the aminoacylation process is critical for accurate translation of the genetic code. Synthetase enzymes recognize specific amino acids and their corresponding tRNA molecules through a combination of structural features, such as amino acid side chains and tRNA anticodon loops. This allows the enzymes to discriminate between similar molecules and ensure that the correct amino acid is incorporated into the growing protein chain.
Overall, synthetase enzymes play a critical role in ensuring the fidelity of protein synthesis by accurately pairing specific amino acids with their corresponding codons on tRNA molecules.
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Determine the mean for each data group, and describe in a complete sentence how you calculated them.
Answers
The mean is the average of a data set. We can get it by making an addition of all the data set values, and then divide the result by the total number of values. In the example, the mean is 8.73.
Since I could not find the data groups, I will explain what the mean is and how to get it, and then I will provide an example for you to understand and use as a guide.
What is the mean?
The Mean, together with media and mode, is a central tendency measure. It is used in statistical analysis to identify the tendency of a data set concerning information inclination.
This measure is used to expose the result of a research in a resumed way to avoid providing extensive information.
The Mean is the average value of a data set.
To calculate the mean you just have to add all the data and divide it by the amount of data you have.
For instance, let assume our data set is as follows,
4.5,5,7,7,7.5,7.5,7.5,7.8,7.8,8,8,9,9,9.2,9.3,10,10,10.5,13,17To get the mean we need to add these values and then, divide them by the total number of values.
Addition:
4.5 + 5 + 7 + 7 + 7.5 + 7.5 + 7.5 + 7.8 + 7.8 + 8 + 8 + 9 + 9 + 9.2 + 9.3 + 10 + 10 + 10.5 + 13 + 17 = 174.6
Total number of values: 20
Mean = (Σ values) / Total number of values = 174.6 / 20 = 8.73
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based on the phylogenetic tree, which example of plants evolved most recently? responses gymnosperms and angiosperms gymnosperms and angiosperms mosses mosses gymnosperms and ferns gymnosperms and ferns mosses and ferns
Answers
As per the phylogenic tree, the choice of plants that evolved most recently is option A: gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Angiosperms (flowering plants), which first arose about 140 million years ago, are the most recently evolved plants. Non-flowering plants, or gymnosperms, are thought to be more primitive than angiosperms since they evolved earlier.
Non-vascular plants called mosses first evolved before gymnosperms and angiosperms. Vascular plants called ferns first arose after mosses but before angiosperms.
A phylogenetic tree is a visual representation of the evolutionary relationships between various organisms about how they evolved. A tree's branching pattern explains how many species or other groups developed from a number of common ancestors. Phylogenetic trees are claimed theories rather than experimental truths.
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Correct question is:
Based on the phylogenetic tree, which example of plants evolved most recently? responses
gymnosperms and angiosperms
mosses
gymnosperms and ferns
mosses and ferns
Terangkan mengapa bilangan komosom berbeza pada sel anak antara mitosis dan meiosis.(1 markah)
Answers
(hopefully this is what you need, I am using a translator)
/
(Saya harap ini yang anda perlukan. Saya menggunakan penterjemah.)
------------------------------------------------------------------
In mitosis, chromosomes separate only once. They line up end to end. This results in two identical, diploid cells. chromosomes failing to separate during meiosis, such as Patau syndrome, to the effects of chromosomes failing to separate during mitosis.
/
Dalam mitosis, kromosom terpisah hanya sekali. Mereka berbaris dari hujung ke hujung. Ini menghasilkan dua sel diploid yang serupa. kromosom gagal dipisahkan semasa meiosis, seperti sindrom Patau, dengan kesan kromosom gagal dipisahkan semasa mitosis.
:D
O LEVEL 1
04
What effect does biodiversity have on a
community?
A. It enables species to survive in a desert
B. It enables the community to withstand
changes
C. It makes destruction by insects impossible
D. It makes primary succession more likely
Answers
Answer:
d
Explanation:
Biodiversity is what the trees and the animals live on so they need it to survive.
q6.6. what statement below is true of the spindle during mitosis and meiosis? the spindle always separates sister chromatids during anaphase. the spindle always separates homologous chromosomes during anaphase. chromosomes are always attached to both spindle poles during metaphase. the spindle always attaches to chromosomes at the kinetochore.
Answers
The statement that is true of the spindle during both mitosis and meiosis is that it always attaches to chromosomes at the kinetochore. The kinetochore is a protein structure that forms at the centromere of each chromosome and serves as the attachment site for microtubules of the spindle.
During both mitosis and meiosis, the spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores of each chromosome and exert force to align them at the metaphase plate. Then, during anaphase, the spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids (in mitosis) or homologous chromosomes (in meiosis) apart towards opposite poles of the cell.
Therefore, the spindle plays a critical role in the segregation of genetic material during cell division.
While the spindle plays a crucial role in separating sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes, its primary function is to attach to chromosomes at the kinetochore to facilitate these processes.
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Age is an example of a ____________ measure. Age is an example
of a ____________ measure. nominal biological discrete
continuous
Answers
Age is an example of a nominal and discrete measure. It classifies individuals into distinct categories based on the number of years they have lived, but it does not have any inherent numerical meaning or allow for intermediate values.
Age is an example of a nominal measure. A nominal measure is a type of measurement scale that classifies data into distinct categories or groups. In the case of age, individuals are categorized into specific age groups, such as 0-18, 19-30, 31-45, and so on. These categories do not have any inherent numerical or quantitative meaning. Instead, they serve as labels to differentiate different age ranges.
Unlike a biological measure, which refers to physical characteristics of living organisms, age is not directly related to an individual's biology. It is a social construct that is used to determine the number of years a person has lived since birth. Age can be measured using a variety of units, such as years, months, or days.
Age is also a discrete measure because it takes on specific, separate values. For example, someone can be 15 years old, 25 years old, or 40 years old. There is no intermediate value between these discrete age categories.
On the other hand, age is not a continuous measure. A continuous measure is one that can take on any value within a certain range. For example, height or weight can have any value within a specific range. In the case of age, there are distinct categories and no intermediate values. You are either in one age group or another.
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Help me please I need help
Answers
Answer:
if i rember right i think it is B
Explanation:
Answer:
A) DNA --> RNA --> protein
Explanation:
DNA makes the RNA, then the RNA makes the proteins
A(n) ___ reaction feels hot to the touch since energy is being released and a(n) __ reaction feels cold to the touch since energy is being absorbed
Answers
Answer:
b a
Explanation:
i did this test in school
following intense exercise, the human body attempts to overcome oxygen debt by
Answers
Following intense exercise, the human body attempts to overcome oxygen debt by increasing respiration rate and heart rate.
What is oxygen debt? Oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen required to restore a muscle to its pre-exercise condition. It's the amount of oxygen that a person's body needs to get back to a resting state after an intense workout. When a person participates in intense exercise, their body is unable to provide the muscles with enough oxygen to keep up with the demand. This oxygen debt is the difference between the amount of oxygen needed by the body to perform exercise and the amount of oxygen consumed by the body during exercise.What happens after intense exercise?When intense exercise is performed, oxygen is consumed by the body at a faster rate than it is supplied, resulting in an oxygen deficit. The body responds to this deficit by raising respiration and heart rates to provide more oxygen. This is due to the fact that the body needs to generate more energy to meet the increased demands of exercise. After exercise, the body continues to demand extra oxygen to eliminate lactic acid, which is a byproduct of anaerobic respiration that causes muscle fatigue. By increasing respiration and heart rates, the body may continue to consume additional oxygen to address oxygen debt.
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Rắn thuộc loài động vật gì
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Snakes are reptiles, but they noticeably have no legs. However, not every legless reptile is known as a snake.
Why, tommy, oh why? your ever-returning patient has fractured his femur really badly. this is going to be a lot of work. can you put the fragments back together?
Answers
A badly fractured femur can require a lot of work to repair. In many cases, surgery may be necessary to realign and stabilize the broken fragments of the femur.
The treatment approach would depend on various factors, including the extent of the fracture, the age and overall health of the patient, and the patient's activity level and goals. This may involve the use of metal plates, screws, or rods to hold the fragments in place while they heal. The patient may also need to use crutches or a walker for a period of time while the bone heals.
Recovery from a fractured femur can take several months and may require physical therapy to restore strength, range of motion, and function to the affected leg. It is important for the patient to follow their doctor's and physical therapist's instructions closely in order to ensure a successful recovery.
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the km of an enzyme is 5.0mm. calculate the substrate concentration when the enzyme operates at one quarter of its maximum rate.
Answers
When the enzyme operates at one-quarter of its maximum rate, the substrate concentration is approximately 1.67 mm. To calculate the substrate concentration when the enzyme operates at one-quarter of its maximum rate, we can use the Michaelis-Menten equation.
The Michaelis-Menten equation relates the reaction rate (v) to the substrate concentration ([S]) and the enzyme's maximum reaction rate (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km).
The equation is given as:
v = (Vmax * [S]) / ([S] + Km)
Given that the enzyme operates at one-quarter of its maximum rate, we can substitute v with 1/4 Vmax in the equation. Let's denote the substrate concentration as [S'] at this point.
1/4 Vmax = (Vmax * [S']) / ([S'] + Km)
We can simplify this equation by canceling out Vmax:
1/4 = [S'] / ([S'] + Km)
To solve for [S'], we can rearrange the equation:
[S'] + Km = 4[S']
3[S'] = Km
[S'] = Km / 3
Plugging in the value of Km (5.0 mm) into the equation, we get:
[S'] = 5.0 mm / 3
[S'] ≈ 1.67 mm
Therefore, when the enzyme operates at one-quarter of its maximum rate, the substrate concentration is approximately 1.67 mm.
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How does the average fat stores for moose when there are no wolves on Isle Royale compare to ave stores when there are many wolves? a. Average fat stores tends to be lower when there are many wolves. b. Average fat stores tends to be higher when there are many wolves. c. Average fat stores is not related to wolf presence. d. Average fat stores depends on how many wolves were initially introduced.
Answers
The average fat stores for moose on Isle Royale tend to be lower when there are many wolves compared to when there are no wolves
a. Average fat stores tend to be lower when there are many wolves. This is because wolves are predators of moose, and when there are many wolves, they can hunt more moose, reducing the moose population and limiting their fat stores. When there are no wolves, the moose population can grow and maintain higher fat stores without being hunted as frequently. Adipose (fat) cells are specialized for the storage of energy in the form of triglycerides
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How do you collect cherry blossom petals in animal crossing.
Answers
The main answer to collecting cherry blossom petals in Animal Crossing is by shaking the cherry blossom trees that are in bloom during the spring season. Once the tree is shaken, the petals will fall to the ground, and you can collect them by walking over them.
An explanation for this process is that the cherry blossom trees bloom during the spring season in Animal Crossing, typically around the first week of April.
These trees can be found throughout your island and can be shaken to collect the petals. It's essential to note that the petals only fall from the trees during the daytime hours, so you must collect them before nightfall.
In summary, to collect cherry blossom petals in Animal Crossing, shake the cherry blossom trees during the daytime hours in the spring season, and collect the petals that fall to the ground.
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History taking is key part of each initial consultation. Which of the following is NOT typically included?
How the animal is behaving
What tests are going to be carried out
What the symptoms are
How the animal is eating and drinking
What treatments they are receiving (including non-prescribed)
Answers
Answer:
what test are going to be carried out
Decide whether each of the following strategies is likely to be effective in limiting cholera disease symptoms. Strategies (6 items) (Drag and drop into the appropriate area below) No more items Potential effectiveness Likely Would Limit Likely Would NOT Limit blocking ganglioside GM1 on respiratory epithelium blocking type III secretion in Vibrio cholera enhancing CAMP levels within cells blocking type IV secretion in Vibrio cholera blocking type II secretion in Vibrio cholera blocking ganglioside GM1 on intestinal cell membranes
Answers
Inhibiting ganglioside GM1 on respiratory epithelium and increasing cell CAMP levels may reduce cholera symptoms, as may inhibiting secretion systems. Blocking intestinal cell membrane ganglioside GM1 might be less effective.
Potential efficacy:
Blocking respiratory epithelium ganglioside GM1
Cellular CAMP increase
Probably restrict:
Blocking Vibrio cholera type III secretion
Blocking Vibrio cholera type IV secretion
Blocking Vibrio cholera type II secretion
Limits unlikely:
Blocking intestinal cell membrane ganglioside GM1
Explanation: Vibrio cholerae causes cholera, and blocking its processes reduces symptoms.
Blocking respiratory epithelium ganglioside GM1 may reduce cholera symptoms. Ganglioside GM1 is a receptor for Vibrio cholerae toxin, hence inhibiting its interaction with the respiratory epithelium prevents toxin binding and harm.
Increasing cell CAMP levels may also work. CAMP regulates cellular activities such intestinal ion transport. CAMP increases to combat the poison and restore ion equilibrium.
Blocking Vibrio cholerae type III, type IV, and type II secretion systems may reduce cholera symptoms. These secretion systems release bacterial virulence factors. Blocking them reduces the bacterium's harm and infection.
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Which statement is true about photosynthesis?
A: photosynthesis happens in The mitochondria
B:During photosynthesis energy from the sun is stored in the chemical bonds of glucose molecule
C: photosynthesis releases energy to the environment
D: One of the inputs of photosynthesis is oxygen
Answers
Answer:
B.
Explanation:
B. is the only true statement