To best describe nucleotide pairing in DNA, we can say that it follows the complementary base pairing rule, where Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). This specific pairing is due to hydrogen bonding between the nucleotides, ensuring the stability and accurate replication of the DNA molecule.
The two strands are held together by the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases of the DNA nucleotides. Generally, purines pair with pyrimidines. Thus, adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine while cytosine forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine. A base pair is two chemical bases bonded to one another forming a "rung of the DNA ladder." The DNA molecule consists of two strands that wind around each other like a twisted ladder. Each strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.
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write its any one function.(a) Ear drum (b) stapes (c) cochlea
Answer:
Eardrum: it senses vibrating sound waves.
Stapes: transmit sound waves from the air outside to the cochlea.
Cochlea: transforms the sound waves in neural message.
You have a plant that you want to show off at a party. The party happens during autumn (aka fall). Usually in autumn (aka fall) the leaves of your plant fall off. You want to delay the leaves falling off your plant until after the party. What plant hormone would you use to help keep the leaves on? ethylene O cytokinins O gibberellins auxin
Answer:
Auxins
Explanation:
Auxin is a plant hormone that has to do with both leaf and fruit fall.
When animals are used to study basic biological, physiological, or behavioral processes of humans or animals, the type of research is typically known as:
Biomedical
Fundamental
Product testing
Answer:
Biomedical research.
Explanation:
Biomedical research studies biological processes to improve an understanding of human or animal health. This type of research usually involves using animals to understand and test the effects of specific drugs, treatments, and procedures on the body. The results of this research can provide insight into how drugs and other medicines work, what causes various diseases, and how best to treat them, as well as help create new treatments and therapies.
what are haploid and diploid cells?
Answer:
Explanation:
Haploid Cells
Haploid cells contain only one set of chromosomes. Gametes or sex cells are the most common type of haploid cells. They are produced by meiosis and are genetically diverse. When the haploid cells from male and female fuse together during fertilization, it forms a diploid cell.
Diploid Cells
These cells have two sets of chromosomes. It is formed by the fusion of two haploid cells. Most mammals are diploid, i.e., they have two homologous copies of each chromosome in the cells. They are produced by mitosis. The somatic cells in humans are diploid cells.
in oracle, the date, november 12, 2015 would be stored as ‘12-nov-2015’.
In Oracle, the date November 12, 2015 would be stored as '12-NOV-2015'. Oracle uses a specific date format to store dates in its database. The default date format used by Oracle is determined by the NLS_DATE_FORMAT session parameter.
The date format 'DD-MON-YYYY' is commonly used in Oracle databases. In this format, 'DD' represents the day of the month, 'MON' represents the abbreviated month name, and 'YYYY' represents the year.
The month name is stored in uppercase letters, which helps to distinguish it from the day of the month.
When a date is entered into an Oracle database, it is automatically converted to the internal format used by Oracle.
This internal format is a numeric value that represents the number of days since January 1, 4712 BC.
When a date is retrieved from the database, it is converted back to the specified date format for display or manipulation.
It's important to use the correct date format when entering dates into an Oracle database to ensure that the dates are stored and retrieved correctly.
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plz help me with these
The controlis the plant with just water. The independent variable is the plants. The dependaent is the amout of salt in the water.
The indepedent is the trees. The dependent is the greenhouse or no greenhouse.
cells differentiate according to the chemical environment they are immediately exposed to.
Cells differentiate according to the chemical environment they are immediately exposed to genes.
Cell differentiation is the result of the spatiotemporal integration of various stimuli. Cell differentiation has been sensitive to both mechanical and chemical environmental stimuli.
Cell differentiation is the process by which cells specialise. Pluripotency is the ability to become any cell type and is seen in stem or progenitor cells just at start of the differentiation process. As the cell differentiates and gains specialised functions, this potential is gradually lost. The differentiation process drastically alters the cell's shape, size, and energy requirements. This is not a linear or irreversible process.
Differentiation chooses a select group of genetic information to be expressed at various stages of differentiation. By reprogramming differentiated cells to express a specific set of genes, differentiated cells can be manipulated back into a more primitive or stem cell-like state.
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What percent of the earth surface does the ocean make up
Answer:
71 percent
Explanation:
Answer:
70%
Explanation:
Two waves combine with destructive interference. What must be true of the
combined wave that forms?
A. It has a lower frequency than that of the original waves.
B. It has a higher frequency than that of the original waves.
C. It has a lower amplitude than that of the original waves.
D. It has a higher amplitude than that of the original waves.
Answer:
I got "D. It has a higher amplitude than that of the original waves."
Explanation:
When two waves combine with destructive interference the combined wave that is formed has a lower amplitude than that of the original waves.
What is interference?Interference is a phenomena in which two waves are superimposed to create a wave with a larger, smaller, or identical amplitude.
What is constructive interference?When two waves are in phase and their maxima add, a process known as constructive interference occurs where the combined amplitude of the two waves equals the sum of their individual amplitudes.
What is destructive interference?In situations where two waves are fully out of phase, destructive interference happens. A positive displacement of one wave is cancelled by a negative displacement of the other wave so that the resulting wave has zero amplitude.To learn more about interference, superimposed, and amplitude here
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What makes an isotope radioactive? Are all isotopes radioactive?
Answer:
Radioactive Elements
In elements with more than 83 protons, all of the isotopes are radioactive. ... The force of repulsion among all those protons makes the nuclei unstable. Elements with more than 92 protons have such unstable nuclei that they don't even exist in nature.
Explanation:
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Answer:
Lemur
Explanation:
It is the lemur, because 4/5 DNA sequences differ from the gorilla!!
Solar powered vehicles often have solar panels, devices designed for
OA.
using the energy in batteries.
OB. capturing the energy in sunlight.
Oc. modifying chemical energy.
.
OD. changing mechanical edgy .
Solar-powered vehicles primarily use solar panels for capturing the energy in sunlight (OB). These panels consist of photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight directly into electricity.
The generated electricity is either stored in batteries for later use or used immediately to power the vehicle's electric motor, replacing or supplementing the conventional fuel source. Solar panels are advantageous because they provide a renewable and clean energy source, reducing the vehicle's carbon footprint and dependence on fossil fuels.
They are designed to be efficient in converting sunlight to electricity and can often be installed on the vehicle's surface to maximize exposure to sunlight. However, the efficiency of solar panels is dependent on weather conditions, such as cloud cover and the angle of sunlight, which can affect the performance of solar-powered vehicles.
In summary, solar-powered vehicles use solar panels for capturing the energy in sunlight, which is then converted to electricity to power the vehicle. This offers a sustainable and environmentally-friendly alternative to traditional fuel sources, although the efficiency of solar panels may vary depending on weather conditions. Hence, OB is the correct option.
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What substances are used during the cellular respiration?
During cellular respiration, the following substances are used:
1. Glucose: This is the primary source of energy for the cells.
2. Oxygen: This is essential for the process of aerobic respiration, where glucose is broken down into energy.
3. ADP (Adenosine diphosphate) and Pi (Inorganic phosphate): These are converted into ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) during cellular respiration to provide energy for the cells.
4. NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (Flavin adenine dinucleotide): These molecules are used as electron carriers during cellular respiration, shuttling electrons from one metabolic reaction to another.
5. Water: This is produced as a byproduct during cellular respiration when oxygen accepts electrons and protons to form water.
Together, these substances are used in the process of cellular respiration to produce energy that is required for the proper functioning of cells in the body.
suppose a person who is homozygous for no ear lobes reproduces with a person who is homozygous for ear lobes. what percentage of their offspring will have the ee genotype?
50% of the progeny is going to have the Ee genotype after both people mate.
Let us take the genotype for having no ear lobes be e.
Similarly, the genotype for having ear lobes is going to be E.
This means that whoever is homozygous for no ear lobes will have the genotype ee.
Whoever is homozygous for ear lobes will have the EE genotype.
After a person with the ee genotype mates with a person having the EE genotype, their offspring will have the genotypes - (EE, Ee, Ee, ee)
From this, we can conclude that 50% of the progeny is going to have the Ee genotype.
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explain what is meant by 5' and 3' ends of the nucleotide
The 5' and 3' ends of a nucleotide refer to specific positions on the sugar molecule within the nucleotide structure.
Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. They consist of three components: a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
The sugar molecule in DNA and RNA is called a deoxyribose and a ribose, respectively. Within this sugar molecule, there are several carbon atoms, which are labeled with primes ('), such as 1', 2', 3', 4', and 5'.
The 5' end of a nucleotide is the end where the phosphate group is attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar molecule.
It is called the 5' end because it refers to the carbon atom in the sugar ring that is numbered as 5.
The phosphate group connects the 5' carbon of one nucleotide to the 3' carbon of the adjacent nucleotide through a phosphodiester bond, forming the backbone of the nucleic acid chain.
On the other hand, the 3' end of a nucleotide is the end where the hydroxyl (OH) group is attached to the 3' carbon of the sugar molecule.
It is called the 3' end because it refers to the carbon atom in the sugar ring that is numbered as 3.
The 3' hydroxyl group provides the site for the attachment of the next nucleotide during DNA or RNA synthesis.
The distinction between the 5' and 3' ends of nucleotides is essential in DNA and RNA sequencing, replication, and other biochemical processes involving nucleic acids.
The orientation and sequence of nucleotides are crucial for the genetic information encoded within the nucleic acid molecules.
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During ______ of meiosis, the pairs of sister chromatids have reached the opposite poles of the cell, where in most cases, nuclear membranes begin to form around them.
During telophase II of meiosis, the pairs of sister chromatids have reached the opposite poles of the cell, where in most cases, nuclear membranes begin to form around them. Meiosis is a biological process of cell division in eukaryotes that leads to the production of gametes.
This process comprises two rounds of cell division that includes the following stages: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Cytokinesis I Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II, Cytokinesis II During telophase II of meiosis, the pairs of sister chromatids have reached the opposite poles of the cell, where in most cases, nuclear membranes begin to form around them. Thus, option C is correct.
The nuclear membrane is a double layer that encloses the cell's nucleus, where the chromosomes reside. The nuclear membrane serves to separate the chromosomes from the cell's cytoplasm and other contents. Thus, option C is correct.
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What is distillation?
Answer:
Distillation is the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling.
1.
How does water behave when it freezes?
Answer:
During freezing, water molecules lose energy and do not vibrate or move around as vigorously. This allows more stable hydrogen-bonds to form between water molecules, as there is less energy to break the bonds...Thus water expands as it freezes, and ice floats atop water.
Explanation:
many bacteria and fungi have a difficult time surviving on salty food. the best explanation for this is:
In a strong salt water solution, a plant cell begins to leak water.
When cells come into contact with salt, what happens?Cells lose water by osmosis and contract when exposed to high salt concentrations (sodium chloride). Organelles and the cytoskeleton stop moving when the cytoplasm condenses, which is a condition known as cell death.
Osmosis causes water to migrate from the cell to the surrounding hypertonic medium, causing the cell to shrivel up and lose water if placed in a salty solution.
The process of endocytosis involves engulfing an object or particle with the cell membrane in order to take it into the cell. Vesicles joining with the plasma membrane during the process of exocytosis release their contents.
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An increase in the permeability of the cells in the wall of the collecting duct to water is due to:_____
increase in the production of ADH
An increase in the permeability of the cells in the wall of the collecting duct to water is due to an increase in the production of ADH.
What exactly is ADH, and what does it do?The brain releases a substance called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which makes the kidneys release less water and reduces the volume of urine generated. The body makes less pee when its ADH level is high.How can ADH improve the collecting ducts' water permeability? Water can diffuse across the plasma membrane thanks to aquaporins. Aquaporin 2 localizes to storage vesicles in the cytoplasm of collecting duct epithelial cells when ADH is not present.Why is water unable to pass through the collecting duct?Without antidiuretic hormone, the collecting ducts, in especially the outer medullary and cortical collecting ducts, are largely impervious to water (ADH, or vasopressin). ADH prevents water in the renal filtrate from entering the urine, which encourages diuresis.
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How did building a model of the stages of cell division help you? Be sure to explain.
Answer:
I don't know oo the answer hard sha
Which term refers to the shallow grooves found on each of the cerebral hemispheres?.
Answer: Elevated ridges of tissue, called gyri (singular: gyrus), separated by shallow groves called sulci (singular: sulcus) mark nearly the entire surface of the cerebral hemispheres.
A population of 40 deer are introduced into a wildlife sanctuary. It is estimated that the sanctuary can
sustain up to 600 deer. Absent constraints, the population would grow by 60% per year. Estimate the population
after one year Pi Estimate the population after two years P2 -
The population of deer in the wildlife sanctuary can be estimated using the formula:
P(t) = P(0) * (1 + r)^t
where P(t) is the population after t years, P(0) is the initial population, r is the growth rate per year, and t is the number of years.
In this case, the initial population (P(0)) is 40 deer, the growth rate (r) is 60% per year (0.60), and we need to estimate the population after one year (P1) and two years (P2).
To calculate P1:
P(1) = 40 * (1 + 0.60)^1
P(1) = 40 * (1 + 0.60)
P(1) = 40 * 1.60
P(1) = 64
Therefore, the estimated population after one year is 64 deer.
To calculate P2:
P(2) = 40 * (1 + 0.60)^2
P(2) = 40 * (1 + 0.60)^2
P(2) = 40 * 1.60^2
P(2) = 40 * 2.56
P(2) = 102.4
Therefore, the estimated population after two years is 102.4 deer.
It's important to note that these are estimates and assume that there are no constraints on the population growth. In reality, factors like limited resources, predation, and disease can affect the growth rate and population size.
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The Pacific ridley sea turtle has 56 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would its offspring receive from each parent?
answer choices
O 1
O 28
O 56
O 112
Answer:
The offspring of the Pacific ridley sea turtle will receive 28 chromosomes from each parent, for a total of 56 chromosomes. The Pacific ridley sea turtle has two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, and each set contains 28 chromosomes, for a total of 56 chromosomes.
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Carbohydrate residues attached to the membrane lipids are: Carbohydrate residues attached to the membrane lipids are: always positioned on the intracellular side of the membrane. always positioned on the inside center of the bilayer. always positioned on the extracellular side of the membrane. always positioned equally on both sides of the membrane. also covalently attached to membrane proteins.
Carbohydrate residues attached to the membrane lipids are always positioned on the extracellular side of the membrane
Carbohydrates are significant parts of the cell membrane, present just on the external surface of the plasma layer, and are appended to proteins, framing glycoproteins, or lipids, and framing glycolipids. These carbohydrate chains might comprise 2-60 monosaccharide units and can be either straight or branched.
The carbohydrates of the membrane are engaged with cell bond and acknowledgment and go about as a physical barrier. Enormous, uncharged particles, for example, glucose can't diffuse through the membrane.
These carbohydrates structure particular cell markers, that permit cells to perceive one another. These markers are vital in the resistant framework, permitting safe cells to separate between body cells, which they shouldn't assault, and unfamiliar cells or tissues, which they ought to.
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a sputum specimen is collected whensaliva is spit out of the mouth into a sterile cup.coughing onto a microbiology culture media that is coughed up from deep within the lungs is spit into a sterile cup the mouth is rinsed with water and spit into a sterile cup. true or false
A sputum specimen is not collected by simply spitting saliva out of the mouth into a sterile cup. The given statement is false because sputum is a thick mucus produced in the lungs and lower respiratory tract, it is different from saliva, which is produced in the mouth.
To collect a sputum specimen, a patient is usually instructed to cough deeply to bring up the sputum from within the lungs. The patient should then spit the sputum directly into a sterile cup provided by a healthcare professional. Rinsing the mouth with water before collecting the sample can help reduce contamination from saliva and oral bacteria, it is important to collect the sputum sample, not just saliva, as the sputum contains the necessary information for diagnosing respiratory infections or other conditions affecting the lungs.
Coughing onto microbiology culture media directly is not a common method for sputum collection. Instead, the sputum collected in the sterile cup is typically transported to a laboratory, where it is then processed and cultured on appropriate media by trained laboratory personnel. In summary, the statement provided is false, as it does not accurately describe the process of collecting a sputum specimen for diagnostic purposes. A proper sputum collection involves deep coughing to obtain the sample from the lungs, followed by spitting it into a sterile cup, while minimizing contamination with saliva.
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Please help worth 95 points. Project: Algae Cultures: Directions
In this report, you will be researching the different types of algae. Report on one algae from each of the three categories (blue-green, green, and green-brown). Include the following information: Name of the algae, Category if falls under, Where it is mostly found and what conditions it needs to survive, Whether it is unicellular or multicellular, Where in the food chain algae are, and what predators it may have, Research why some scientists think algae should be classified plants, and explain the debate.
1.Which organisms did you identify 2. How easy or difficult was it to find an example of each category? Which one was the hardest to find? Why? 3. Which environments were most common to find algae in? Why do you think so? 4. What part of the food chain is the alga? 5. Why is algae classified in the Protist Kingdom and not the Plant Kingdom even though they are photosynthetic? Research why scientists feel they should be classified as plants.
Answer:
1) I identified the Golden-Brown Algae.
2) It was very easy to find the category because of the solid color base and because it only had the daitoms. It did not have multiple like the Green Algae and the Blue-Green Algae.
3) In fresh, brackish or salt water. They are found both in tropical lakes and seas, and in the alpine and polar snows. They are unicellular or multicellular protist plant organisms, whose cells do not form tissues and lack flowers. They are considered the first link in the food chain in the aquatic environment. They are found in fresh, brackish or salt water. They are primary producers in the food chain, capable of producing organic substances through photosynthesis, so they use sunlight. They are found in tropical lakes and seas up to the alpine and polar snows.
4) Producer Alga is A plant and produces food for other organisms.
5) Algae (Euglena) do photosynthesis as plants do. They also move around and eat, as do animals. But they are unicellular. In order to be classified as a plant or animal, an organism has to be multicellular, made of more than one cell. Since it is a unicellular organism with some plant and animal characteristics, it is called a protist. Plant cells have walls while algae does't have one, so it is a protozoan. Algae resemble the protozoa, so they are put into the Protist Kingdom.
Explanation:
I had the project.
Algae recreate a major part of the marine ecosystem because they exist as the decomposers current in the marine ecosystem; any harm to them could cause an inequality in the whole marine ecosystem.
What are golden-brown algae?1)The Chrysophyceae, usually named chrysophytes, cryptomonads, golden-brown algae or golden algae exist as an extensive set of algae, seen mainly in freshwater.
2) It stood very easy to see the class because of the solid color base and because it only contained the diatoms. It did not contain multiple like the Green Algae and the Blue-Green Algae.
3) In fresh, saline, or salt water. They exist seen both in tropical lakes and seas and in the alpine and polar snows. They exist as unicellular or multicellular protist plant organisms, whose cells do not constitute tissues and absent flowers. They exist thought the first link in the food chain in the aquatic environment. They exist seen in fresh, brackish, or salt water. They exist as primary producers in the food chain, qualified of producing organic substances through photosynthesis, so they utilize sunlight.
4) Producer Alga exists in a plant and makes food for different organisms.
5) Algae (Euglena) accomplish photosynthesis as plants do. They even move about and eat, as do animals. But they exist unicellular. To be categorized as a plant or animal, an organism contains to be multicellular, made of better than one cell. Since it stands as a unicellular organism with some plant and animal elements, it exists named a protist. Plant cells contain walls while algae don't contain one, so it exists as a protozoan. Algae reach the protozoa, so they stand to put into the Protist Kingdom.
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Which of the following is NOT true about homeostasis?
A - Maintaining homeostasis requires that all body systems work together.
B - Long periods of stress can disrupt homeostasis.
C - Body temperature is a factor of homeostasis.
D - Only the nervous and endocrine systems are involved in maintaining homeostasis.
Multiple Choice
Which of the following is typical of aerobic respiration?
decreases a plant’s weight
contains two stages, glycolysis and fermentation
produces methane as a byproduct
produces little energy
Answer:
decreases a plant’s weight
Explanation:
Aerobic respiration is a process of respiration in which oxygen is required and the byproducts of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide, water and energy.
Plants undergo aerobic respiration and it is a catabolic process in which complex compounds in plants turns into simpler compounds. This process reduces the dry weight of the plants.
Glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration so it is not a typical aerobic respiration.
Hence, the correct answer is "decreases a plant’s weight".
When a human cell divides in mitosis, the two daughter cells will each have: _____
Answer: In mitosis a cell divides to form two identical daughter cells. It is important that the daughter cells have a copy of every chromosome, so the process involves copying the chromosomes first and then carefully separating the copies to give each new cell a full set. Before mitosis, the chromosomes are copied.