Answers
Answer:
According to the “hygiene hypothesis,” the problem with extremely clean environments is that they fail to provide the necessary exposure to germs required to “educate” the immune system so it can learn to launch its defense responses to infectious organisms. Instead, its defense responses end up being so inadequate that they actually contribute to the development of asthma.
Explanation:
Related Questions
Select a statement that is not correct about bacterial fimbriae?
A.they protect the cell from dehydration
B. they are called attachment pili to distinguish them from the pili used to transfer DNA during conjugation
C.they are used to attach the cell to its substrate or to other prokaryote
D. they are hair-like projections that aid in attachment.
Answers
Answer:
About bacterial fimbriae, the statement that is not correct is that they protect the cell from dehydration.
Explanation:
Bacterial fimbriae are extensions of the cytoplasmic membrane, predominantly of a protein nature, which give the bacteria the ability to adhere to surfaces, tissues or other bacteria.
These pilous structures can be present in all bacteria, constituting a factor related to their infectious capacity. The main function of fimbriae is adhesion, so they do not constitute a protective element against dehydration.
The other options correspond to true characteristics of the bacterial fimbriae.
When a rock transforms into another type of rock, what is the scale at which these changes are occurring?
A. The changes are physical only; the rocks are the same rocks, they just look different
B. At the subatomic level; the rocks atoms are gaining and losing subatomic particles and changing.
C. At the molecular level; the rocks are forming new bonds and becoming something new
D. At the atomic level; the rocks are becoming new rocks and changing on an atomic level.
Answers
When a rock transforms into another type of rock, the scale at which these changes are occurring is at the atomic level, which is option D.
Rocks are composed of minerals, which are made up of different combinations of atoms. During the process of rock transformation, such as through the geological processes of metamorphism or igneous activity, the arrangement and composition of the atoms within the minerals change. This leads to the formation of new minerals and the alteration of the rock's properties.
At the atomic level, the atoms within the minerals may rearrange themselves, forming new bonds and crystal structures.
This can result in changes in the physical characteristics of the rock, such as its texture, color, or mineral composition.
The transformation may involve the loss or gain of atoms, leading to changes in the overall chemical composition of the rock.
Therefore, the changes occurring when a rock transforms into another type of rock primarily occur at the atomic level, as the atoms within the minerals undergo reorganization and bonding to create a new rock with distinct properties.
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
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Ideas about the components of cells have been affected by new technologies. Four technologies are listed below. Which one enabled researchers to understand the basis of the other three? O amino-acid sequencing O blood typing O DNA sequencing O paternity testing.
Answers
Answer:
DNA Sequencing :)
Explanation:
Edge2020
igneous rock determined 25 million year old plate movement transported 100,000 meters. How fast is plate moving?
Answers
Answer:
0.004 m/yr.
Explanation:
Hello!
In this case, since the velocity of any object is computed by dividing the travelled distance by the elapsed time, we obtain:
\(V=\frac{distance}{time}\\\\V=\frac{100,000m}{25,000,000yr}\\\\V=0.004m/yr\)
It means that the plate moves 0.004 m every year.
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Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the diagram below and on your knowledge
of Earth science. The diagram represents the expansion of a portion of the universe from its
origin until the present. The timeline represents billions of years. Letter X indicates two
celestial objects.
Timeline (billion years ago)
Present T
5-
10-
Origin of
Universe
15-
1. Two pieces of evidence that support the theory that the universe is expanding are the
A) red shift of light from distant stars and the existence of nuclear fusion
B) red shift of light from distant stars and the existence of cosmic background
radiation
C) blue shift of light from distant stars and the existence of nuclear fusion
D) blue shift of light from distant stars and the existence of cosmic background
radiation
polestial objects labeled X are
Answers
The two pieces of evidence that support the theory of the expanding universe are the red shift of light from distant stars and the existence of cosmic background radiation.
The correct answer is option B.
1. Red shift of light from distant stars: The observation of redshift in the light coming from distant galaxies provides evidence for the expansion of the universe. Redshift occurs when the light waves from an object moving away from an observer are stretched, causing a shift towards longer wavelengths. This phenomenon is consistent with the Doppler effect, where the wavelength of light appears to stretch as the source moves away. The redshift of light from distant stars indicates that galaxies are moving away from us and from each other, supporting the idea that the universe is expanding.
2. Existence of cosmic background radiation: The discovery of cosmic background radiation further supports the theory of the expanding universe. Cosmic background radiation is a faint, uniform microwave radiation that permeates the entire universe. It is believed to be residual radiation from the Big Bang, the initial event that is thought to have initiated the expansion of the universe. The presence of cosmic background radiation provides strong evidence for the hot, dense early stages of the universe and its subsequent expansion.
Based on the information provided in the diagram, it is not possible to determine the identity or nature of the celestial objects labeled X. The diagram only represents the expansion of the universe over time and does not provide specific details about individual celestial objects.
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Your aunt has been diagnosed with T2DM because of her elevated fasting glucose levels (140 mg/dL). She has been placed on a low-sugar, low-carbohydrate diet and a regular exercise regime. After two weeks of carefully following her diet and exercising, she has noted that her fasting glucose level has dropped to 1410 mg/dL. The Standard is 90-100 mg/dL, so she still has some work to do, but at this point, she is encouraged.
The Questions
Why is glucose remaining in her blood so long after a meal?
How does sugar typically get into a cell?
Describe the action of insulin and how it facilitates sugar transport. Be specific about the signaling pathway.
How does daily exercise lower blood sugar?
Answers
1) Glucose remains due to insulin resistance. 2) sugar enters cells via insulin-facilitated transport. 3) exercise increases insulin sensitivity, lowering blood sugar.
Sugar typically enters a cell through a process called facilitated diffusion. Within the cell membrane, there are specific protein channels called glucose transporters, particularly GLUT4, that facilitate the transportation of glucose molecules from the extracellular fluid into the cell's cytoplasm. These transporters are located within the cell and can be translocated to the cell membrane in response to insulin signaling.
Insulin plays a crucial role in facilitating the transport of sugar into cells. When insulin is released by the pancreas, it binds to insulin receptors present on the surface of target cells. This binding activates a signaling pathway known as the insulin signaling pathway. Here is a step-by-step description of the pathway:
1. Insulin binds to insulin receptors on the cell surface.
2. The binding of insulin activates the insulin receptor, leading to autophosphorylation of the receptor itself.
3. Phosphorylation of the insulin receptor triggers a cascade of events involving several proteins, including insulin receptor substrates (IRS) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K).
4. Activated PI3K phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) to generate phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate (PIP3).
5. PIP3 activates protein kinase B (PKB), also known as Akt, by recruiting it to the cell membrane.
6. Activated Akt phosphorylates and inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), which normally inhibits glycogen synthesis.
7. Inhibition of GSK3 promotes glycogen synthesis and storage in the liver and muscles.
8. Akt activation also promotes the translocation of GLUT4 transporters from intracellular vesicles to the cell membrane, allowing glucose uptake into the cell.
9. Glucose is either utilized for energy production within the cell or stored as glycogen for future energy needs.
Daily exercise helps lower blood sugar levels through several mechanisms:
1. Increased insulin sensitivity: Physical activity enhances the body's sensitivity to insulin, allowing cells to take up glucose more effectively. This effect occurs due to improved insulin signaling and increased translocation of GLUT4 transporters to the cell membrane.
2. Enhanced glucose uptake: Exercise stimulates muscle contractions, which leads to increased glucose uptake by muscle cells independent of insulin. This mechanism allows glucose to be utilized by muscles for energy, lowering blood glucose levels.
3. Increased muscle mass: Regular exercise promotes the development of lean muscle mass. Muscles have a higher glucose uptake capacity compared to other tissues, and increased muscle mass results in a greater overall glucose utilization.
4. Reduced liver glucose output: Exercise activates signaling pathways that suppress glucose production in the liver. This effect helps prevent excessive glucose release into the bloodstream, leading to lower blood sugar levels.
5. Improved overall metabolic health: Regular physical activity contributes to weight management, improved lipid profile, and reduced inflammation, all of which positively influence blood sugar regulation.
In summary, glucose remains in the blood after a meal due to the regulation by insulin. Insulin facilitates sugar transport into cells through the insulin signaling pathway, which involves multiple steps. Daily exercise helps lower blood sugar levels by increasing insulin sensitivity, promoting glucose uptake by muscles, reducing liver glucose output, and improving overall metabolic health.
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Why don’t pregnant women menstruate?
Answers
Answer:
pregnant women don't menstruate bc the blood is going to the child now
Explanation:
Two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane that is permeable to potassium but not chloride or sodium ions. Solution A on the left contains a solution that is 100 mM potassium, while Solution B on the right has a concentration of potassium chloride of 1 mM. There is an electrode in both solutions, and a comparative assessment of voltages between the two compartments is being made. The investigator doing the study decides to call side B ground potential (or, in other words, defines it as 0).
A. What is the value for the chloride equilibrium potential in this condition?
B. In one sentence, describe why it has a positive or negative value. C. What would be the value of the chloride equilibrium potential? (show how you calculate this) D. What is the voltage of side B relative to side A? E. Does the chloride equilibrium potential contribute significantly to the voltage actually being measured by the investigator? Why or why not (one sentence)?
Answers
Thank letra b
Organic compounds are all at least partially composed of the element ________________.
Organic compounds are all at least partially composed of the element ________________.
carbon
sodium
hydrogen
nitrogen
magnesium
Answers
Answer:
Carbon
Explanation:
Carbon is considered as the key element in organic compounds.
i am looking for the answer key to the category 1: cell structure and function biology staar review
Answers
Studying the necessary content, going through lecture notes and textbooks, and working through practise questions and quizzes are the best ways to get ready for an exam.
How do cells work and how do they look?Cells are the essential building components of all living things.There are many billions of cells in a human body. In addition to providing the body with structure, they also absorb nutrients from meals, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out certain jobs.
Who first identified cells?The cell has a long and interesting history, beginning with Robert Hooke's discovery in 1665 and leading to many of today's scientific discoveries.
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According to the theory of natural selection, what would happen to a species of lizards when a new predator is introduced into the environment where lizards live?
Answers
what are some characteristics and examples of members from the class reptilia?
Answers
Explain how the Appalachian mountains were formed and how they have become so much smaller over time?
Please
Answers
Answer:
The Appalachian Mountains formed during a collision of continents 500 to 300 million years ago. In their prime they probably had peaks as high as those in the modern zone of continental collision stretching from the Himalayas in Asia to the Alps in Europe.
Hope this helped!!
The period of the cell cycle during which a cell grows in size and carries out metabolism is known as ______.
A. cell growth
B. cell division
C. cell reproduction
D. cell death
Answers
cell growth
hope it helps...!!!
common or general barriers of entry of small businesses into market reference to township entrepreneurship barriers
Answers
Legal bottlenecks and lack of capital are the factors that are general barriers of entry of small businesses into market
What are the barriers?
A fundamental obstacle for small enterprises in townships is a lack of financial resources and restricted access to finance. Due to a lack of collected data, many companies may struggle to raise starting money, receive loans, or attract investors.
Small enterprises may find it difficult to navigate complex regulatory frameworks and adhere to legal obligations, especially if township-specific administrative procedures or licensing restrictions are present. For enterprises, administrative procedures and compliance fees can be very challenging.
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On the photomicrograph of bone below, identify all structures listed in the key to the left.
Answers
On the Structure of Compact Bone, the order of labelling are:
canaliculilamellacentral canallacunaWhat are these part known for?The photomicrograph shows a cross-section of a Haversian system, which is the basic unit of compact bone. The Haversian system consists of a central canal surrounded by concentric layers of bone called lamellae.
The osteocytes are located in lacunae that are arranged in rows along the Haversian canal. The canaliculi connect the lacunae to each other and to the Haversian canal. The central canal contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the osteocytes. The compact bone is arranged in columns called osteons.
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Which of the following statements best represents the relationship between the RNA molecules involved in translation?
Answers
Answer:
Complementary
Name one function of this cell
Answers
Answer:
First responders of the innate immune system to prevent/reduce spread of infection through the metabolism of microorganisms (usually bacteria and fungal infection)
Explanation:
This cells is a neutrophil which you can identify through the multilobed nucleus (the 4 bright red lobes). Additionally, you can identify the type of cell by the fact that it has granules (the small circles).
Explain why the Cell A (nerve cell) and Cell B (red blood
cell) cannot switch jobs
Answers
Answer:
Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin the purpose of hemoglobin is to bind and release oxygen to other tissues a nerve cell does not have this proteins because its job is not to bind and release oxygen instead it has its own proteins to send signals to other cells.
Explanation:
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What will occur if a species is divided into two groups and allowed to reproduce in different environments for many generations?
1. divergence, potentially giving rise to two different species
2. random mutations, all of which will decrease fitness
3. divergence, but these will never be two different species
4. natural selection, keeping both groups genetically static
Answers
If a species is divided into two groups and allowed to reproduce in different environments for many generations, it will produce divergence, potentially giving rise to two different species (Option 1).
What is divergence?Divergence refers to the emergence of genetic variation in a population, which occurs when individuals are separated.
Divergence may lead to speciation and the emergence of new species when variations are important enough to produce reproductive isolation.
Divergence and speciation due to geographical barriers are common evolutionary processes.
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Answer: If a species is split into two groups and allowed to breed in extraordinary environments for many generations, it will produce divergence, doubtlessly giving upward push to two specific species (option 1).
Explanation: What is divergence?
Divergence refers back to the emergence of a genetic version in a populace, which takes place when individuals are separated.
Divergence might also lead to speciation and the emergence of recent species whilst variations are important enough to provide reproductive isolation.
Divergence and speciation because of geographical barriers are commonplace evolutionary processes.
NOTE: Hope this helps you answer is from Acceleration Education / Buzz.
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Part D
Next, you'll use your spreadsheet to create a graph. The graph will help you visualize how the actual temperature changed from 1900 to 2025.
Question 1
Which type of graph (bar graph, pie chart, scatter plot, for example) do you think would be best for this task? Explain your reasoning.
Answers
Line-graphs are used to express how changes in the recorded data occur through time or distances. In the exposed example, it would be best to use a line-graph to visualize how the actual temperature changed from 1900 to 2025.
What are line graphs?
Line graphs are representations of how the recorded data changes through time or distance. These graphs are used to show events that change in a continuous interval or time-lapse. They allow analyzing how these changes occur.
This representation is set in a cartesian graph, placing one of the variables on the horizontal axis and the other variable on the vertical axis. Usually, time or distance (the continuous variable) is placed on the X-axis, while the associated variable is placed on the Y-axis.
Dots are drawn in the intersection between the two variables, and a continuous line is drawn joining these dots to show the change of values between time (or distance) intervals.
In the exposed example, we need visualize how the actual temperature changed from 1900 to 2025. We can use a line graph to do it.
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materials move down a concentration radeient
the methods cells use to materials with out expanding energy
Answers
Materials move down a concentration gradient is called a concentration gradient and the methods cells use to materials with out expanding energy is called Passive transport.
How can you move substances down the concentration gradient without using energy?Passive transport tells more about the shifting of substances down a concentration gradient and does not need any issue of energy consumption.
A concentration gradient is simply a stretch of space across which a substance's concentration alters. Substances will naturally travel down concentration gradients, from a higher concentration point to a place or area that is known to be lower concentration area.
Therefore, substance diffuses over a membrane through passive transport as it diffuses along its concentration gradient without requiring any energy from the cell.
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See full question below
materials move down a concentration gradient and the methods cells use to materials with out expanding energy is known as what?
Suppose rising sea levels again separate the continents of North and South America. Choose one of Earth's spheres, and explain how it might interact differently with another of Earth's spheres because of this change.
Answers
The separation of North and South America by rising sea levels would result in changes in the interaction between the biosphere and the hydrosphere. Disrupted migration patterns, altered nutrient distribution, and changes in habitat availability would affect the biodiversity and ecological dynamics in the marine ecosystem.
If rising sea levels were to separate the continents of North and South America, one sphere that would interact differently with another sphere is the biosphere and the hydrosphere.
The biosphere refers to all living organisms and their interactions with the environment, while the hydrosphere encompasses all water bodies on Earth, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and groundwater. The separation of North and South America by rising sea levels would result in significant changes in the distribution and connectivity of marine habitats, impacting the biodiversity and ecological dynamics in both spheres.
With the separation of the continents, marine species that depend on migratory patterns, such as marine mammals, fish, and sea turtles, may face challenges in their natural movement and breeding cycles. Disrupted migration routes and barriers created by the rising sea levels could lead to isolation or fragmentation of populations, affecting their genetic diversity and long-term survival.
Furthermore, the change in the physical geography due to the separation could alter oceanic currents and water circulation patterns. This, in turn, would affect nutrient distribution and primary productivity in the water column, influencing the food webs and species interactions within the marine ecosystem. The availability of specific habitats, such as coastal wetlands and coral reefs, could also be affected, impacting the biodiversity and ecological services they provide.
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Which type of seedless plant has a complex leaf arrangement off a vein?
a. java moss
b. club moss
c. ferns
d. horstails
Answers
B. Club moss
Explanation:
This is because club moss is an seedless evergreen plants that have scale-like leaves.
Can you plz mark me as brainliest!!!
answer : club moss
explanation: Because they have vascular tissue, seedless vascular plants
are often larger than nonvascular plants. Vascular tissue is spe-
cialized to transport water to all of the cells in a plant.
bacterial spieces that retain the purple dye after decolorizer is added and appear blue or violet are referred to as
Answers
Answer:
gram positive is the answer
Explanation:
Complete a cladogram based on the molecular data and number of mutations in each species. Please use slanted vericle lines attached to one horizontal line on the bottom that's rises up as it goes left. (Basic cladogram form)
Answers
A cladogram shows the evolutionary relationship between groups. In the exposed example, the order is ancestor cell (0 mutations), amoeba (3 mutations), sponge (6 mutations), earthworm (8 mutations), shark (11 mutations), lizard (12 mutations), kangaroo (14 mutations), cat (16 mutations), dolphin (17 mutations).
What is a cladogram?
A Cladogram is a graph drown as a tree, which is based on cladistic analysis. It represents the common ancestral relationships and the emergence of different characters among the involved groups.
The cladistic analysis follows the maximum parsimony criterium. It recognizes the monophyletic groups as natural groups. These groups are the clades, and their classification -sequencing- represents their phylogeny.
Cladograms represent the relationship between groups according to a derivated character.
The derivated character is any trait that a group passes to the descendants. Through evolution, the characters change, and new changes are added. When referring to a derivate character, we mean that all the subsequent species in the cladogram carry the trait.
A cladogram provides an image of how new species keep characters that were inherited from older species.
In the cladogram we need to make, we can order them from the oldest to the most evolved as follows,
ancestor cell (0 mutations)amoeba (3 mutations conserning amoeba)sponge (6 mutations conserning amoeba)earthworm (8 mutations conserning amoeba)shark (11 mutations conserning amoeba)lizard (12 mutations conserning amoeba)kangaroo (14 mutations conserning amoeba)cat (16 mutations conserning amoeba)dolphin (17 mutations conserning amoeba)You can learn more about cladograms at
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20. An animal that is both a primary and secondary consumer is a(n)
A. deer
B. moose
C. wolf
D. bear
3L
Answers
Answer:
D) Bear
Explanation:
Animals that are both primary and secondary consumers are considered Omnivores. Out of all the options on this list, bears are the only omnivore listed.
How is the energy of waves passed in water?
Answers
Answer:
wind produces waves, and then waves produce energy.
Explanation:
So, a water wave transfers energy through the vibration of the water particles. sound waves travel through the vibration of air particles or the particles of a liquid or solid, and. electromagnetic and magnetic fields vibrate to transfer energy through electromagnetic waves.
Imagine you are a scientist conducting fieldwork.
-You discover two groups of mice,
living on opposite sides of a river. Upon further study, you determine that they are
different, but very closely related, species. You also determine that the course of the
river was artificially changed by the building of a dam. What was the likely effect of
human activity on the mice? What type of speciation is likely to have occurred?
Answers
The likely effect of human activity on the mice is that their habitat was divided by the artificially changed course of the river, and this process is known as allopatric speciation and is present in Option A.
What is allopatric speciation?Allopatric speciation is a type of speciation where the physical separation and lack of gene flow could lead to the evolution of two separate and distinct species, and here the construction of the dam likely led to the formation of a geographic barrier, which would have limited the movement of the mice between the two sides of the river and induced the speciation.
Hence, this process is known as allopatric speciation and is present in Option A.
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question is incomplete, complete question is below
Imagine you are a scientist conducting fieldwork.
-You discover two groups of mice,
living on opposite sides of a river. Upon further study, you determine that they are
different, but very closely related, species. You also determine that the course of the
river was artificially changed by the building of a dam. What was the likely effect of
human activity on the mice? What type of speciation is likely to have occurred?
A)allopatric speciation
B)SYMPATRIC
Hurry! Due tommorow.
Answers
The body is composed of many parts. The parts of the body make it possible for the body to work very well.
How does the body work together in unison?The body is composed of many parts. The parts of the body make it possible for the body to work very well. Now all the parts of the body play various roles but all the roles that are played by the parts of the body have the grand purpose of making the body to work.
Foe instance, the eyes enables us to see while the leg moves us form place to place. The entire skeletal system assist in making this movement possible.
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