Define least material condition (LMC).
Answers
Least Material Condition (LMC) refers to the state of a part or feature where it has the minimum permissible material or size, resulting in the lowest possible weight or mass. In manufacturing and engineering, LMC is essential for maintaining tight tolerances and ensuring proper assembly, functionality, and safety of components.
Least material condition (LMC) is a GD&T (Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing) term that refers to the condition where a part or feature of a part has the least amount of material possible, while still meeting the specified functional requirements. This means that the part or feature is at its minimum material limit, allowing for maximum clearance or maximum material movement. In other words, LMC defines the minimum amount of material needed to produce a functional part or feature. It is often used in the design and manufacturing process to minimize material usage and costs while ensuring proper functionality.
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Related Questions
The gap between valence and conduction bands in silicon is 1.12 eV. A nickel nucleus in an excited state emits a photon with wavelength 5.87x10-4 nm. How many electrons can be excited from the top of the valence band to the bottom of the conduction band by the absorption of this gamma ray? Provide your answer in mega electrons (mega x10).
Answers
1.88 × 10⁵ electrons can be excited from the top of the valence band to the bottom of the conduction band by the absorption of this gamma ray
How to solve for the electronsFirst, let's convert the photon's wavelength to energy. We use the Planck-Einstein relation, E = hc/λ, where:
E is the energy of the photon,
h is Planck's constant (6.62607015 × 10⁻³⁴ J*s),
c is the speed of light (3 × 10⁸ m/s), and
λ is the wavelength of the photon.
Please note that we have to convert the wavelength from nm to m, which gives us λ = 5.87 × 10⁻¹⁰ m.
So the energy of the emitted photon is:
E = (6.62607015 × 10⁻³⁴ J*s * 3 × 10⁸ m/s) / (5.87 × 10⁻¹⁰ m)
=3.38 × 10⁻¹⁴ J.
This is in joules. To convert it to electron-volts (eV), we use the conversion factor 1 eV = 1.602176634 × 10⁻¹⁹ J:
E = (3.38 × 10⁻¹⁴ J) / (1.602176634 × 10⁻¹⁹ J/eV)
= 211 KeV.
The bandgap energy for silicon is given as 1.12 eV.
n = E_photon / E_bandgap
= (211 × 10³ eV) / (1.12 eV)
= 1.88 × 10⁵.
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What is the basic requirement of measurements?
Answers
The basic requirement of measurements is to have a standard or reference point against which to compare the quantity being measured. This standard or reference point should be well-defined and stable, and the measurement process should be repeatable and consistent. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the measurement equipment is calibrated and in good working condition.
Answer:
The most basic requirement for measurements is the presence of a standard or reference point against which the quantity being measured can be compared. The measurement process should be repeatable and consistent, and the standard or reference point should be well-defined and stable. Furthermore, ensure that the measurement equipment is calibrated and in good working order.
Explanation:
What's the difference between a scale and a scale drawing?
Answers
scale is used to make a scale drawing. every scale drawing has it's sclae written for proper interpreatation
What is a scale?
A Scale is the ratio of a sketched model and the actual measuremnts while a scale drawing is a sketched model that was carefully made such that every measurement in the sketch could be represented to the site or actual mearuement through the scale with very little or no error
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To make a scale drawing, scale is used. For correct interpretation, every scale drawing has its own scale inscribed on it.
What exactly is a scale?A scale drawing is a sketched model that has been meticulously prepared so that every measurement in the sketch may be conveyed to the site or actual measurement through the scale with very little or no mistake.
A weighing apparatus or equipment with two pans of equal weight hung from its ends —usually used in the plural, either pan or tray of a balance scale.
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how can an airplane fly in math form? maybe physics...
Answers
Answer:
the aeroplane can fly throw the petrol and
Suppose that you have the following declaration.
enum cars {FORD, GM, TOYOTA, HONDA};
cars domesticCars = FORD;
The statement:
domesticCars = static_cast(domesticCars + 1);
sets the value of domestiCars to _________.
Answers
[answer removed by author]
FAULT LOCATION METHODS(input-output)
Answers
Fault location techniques are used in power systems for accurate pinpointing of the fault position.
This paper presents a comparative study between two fault location methods in distribution network with Distributed Generation (DG). Both methods are based on computing the impedance using fundamental voltage and current signals. The first method uses one-end information and the second uses both ends
Write out simple definitions in words and equations for the following:
a. a1
b. b1
c. S11
d. S12
e. S21
f. S22
Answers
Answer:
a) a1 : This is the incident voltage at port 1
b) b1 : This is the deflected voltage at port 1 ;
b1 = \(S_{21} a_{1} + S_{22} a_{2}\)
c) S11 ; This is the input port voltage reflection coefficient when the input voltage is at port 1
S11 = \(\frac{V1^-}{V1^+} |v2^+=0\)
d) S12 : this is the gross voltage gain
S12 = \(\frac{V1^-}{V2^+}| v1 ^+\)
e) S21 : This is the forward voltage gain
S21 = \(\frac{V2^-}{V1^+} | v2^+\)
f) S22 : output port voltage reflection coefficient
S22 = \(\frac{v2^-}{v2^+} | v1^+ = 0\)\(\frac{v2^-}{v2^+} | v1^+ = 0\)
Explanation:
a) a1 : This is the incident voltage at port 1
b) b1 : This is the deflected voltage at port 1 ;
b1 = \(S_{21} a_{1} + S_{22} a_{2}\)
c) S11 ; This is the input port voltage reflection coefficient when the input voltage is at port 1
S11 = \(\frac{V1^-}{V1^+} |v2^+=0\)
d) S12 : this is the gross voltage gain
S12 = \(\frac{V1^-}{V2^+}| v1 ^+\)
e) S21 : This is the forward voltage gain
S21 = \(\frac{V2^-}{V1^+} | v2^+\)
f) S22 : output port voltage reflection coefficient
S22 = \(\frac{v2^-}{v2^+} | v1^+ = 0\)\(\frac{v2^-}{v2^+} | v1^+ = 0\)
Consider the titration of 100.0 mL of 0.200 M CH3NH2 by 0.100 M HCl.
For each volume of HCl added, decide which of the components is a major species after the HCl has reacted completely.
Kb for CH3NH2 = 4.4 x 10-4.
What species are present based off what is being added?
200.00 mL HCl added
yes no H+
yes no H2O
yes no Cl-
yes no CH3NH2
yes no CH3NH3+
300.00 mL HCl added
yes no H+
yes no H2O
yes no Cl-
yes no CH3NH2
yes no CH3NH3+
Calculate the pH at the equivalence point for this titration?
Answers
Answer:
The answers are in the explanation. The pH is 5.91
Explanation:
The CH3NH2 reacts with HCl as follows:
CH3NH2 + HCl → CH3NH3⁺ + Cl⁻
When 200mL of HCl are added, the moles of CH3NH2 and HCl are reacting completely producing CH3NH3+ and Cl-. That means the species present are:
no H+. All reacted
yes H2O. Because the water is present in the solutions of HCl and CH3NH2
yes Cl-. Is a product of the reaction
Yes CH3NH2. Is consumed in the reaction but comes from the equilibrium of CH3NH3+
yes CH3NH3+. Is the other product of the reaction. MAJOR SPECIES
When 300.00mL of HCl are added, 100mL are in excess:
yes H+. Is in excess: H+ + Cl- = HCl in water. MAJOR SPECIES. Determine the pH of the solution.
yes H2O. Is present because the reactants are diluted.
yes Cl-. Is a product of reaction and comes from HCl.
Yes CH3NH2. The reactant is over but comes from the equilibrium of CH3NH3+
yes no CH3NH3+. Yes. Is a product and remains despite HCl is in excess.
To find the pH:
At equivalence point the ion that determines pH is CH3NH3+. Its concentration is:
0.100L * (0.200mol/L) = 0.0200 moles / 0.300L = 0.0667M CH3NH3+
The equilibrium of CH3NH3+ is:
Ka = Kw/kb = 1x10-14/4.4x10-4 = 2.273x10-11 = [H+] [CH3NH2] / [CH3NH3+]
As both [H+] [CH3NH2] comes from the same equilibrium:
[H+] = [CH3NH2] = X
2.273x10-11 = [X] [X] / [0.0667M]
1.5159x10-12 = X²
X = 1.23x10-6M = [H+]
As pH = -log [H+]
pH = 5.91
The pH at the equivalent point for this titration is "5.91".
pH Calculation:\(CH_3NH_2 = 0.200\ M\\\\ \text{volume} = 100.0\ mL = 0.100\ L\\\\HCl = 0.100\ M\\\\\)
We must now quantify the pH well at the equivalence point.
We know that even at the point of equivalence, moles of acid and moles of the base are equivalent. As such, first, we must calculate the number of moles of the given base.
Calculating the Moles in \(CH_3NH_2 = 0.200\ M \times 0.100\ L = 0.0200\ moles\)
Calculating the Moles in \(HCl = 0.0200 \ moles\)
Calculating the volume of \(HCl\):
\(\to \text{Molarity} = \frac{ \text{moles}}{\text{volume \ (L)}} \\\\\to \text{Volume} = \frac{\text{moles}}{\text{molarity}}\\\\\)
\(= \frac{0.0200 \ moles}{ 0.100\ M}\\\\= 0.200 \ L\\\\= 200 \ mL\\\\\)
Calculating the reaction among the acid and base:
\(CH_3NH_2 + HCl \longrightarrow CH_3NH_3^{+} + Cl^-\)
\(0.0200 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.0200 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.0200\)
Therefore the conjugate acid of the bases exists at the standard solution.
Then we must calculate the new molar mass of \(CH_3NH_3^+\).
Total volume\(= 100 + 200 = 300\ mL = 0.300\ L\)
\([CH_3NH_3^+] = \frac{0.0200\ mole}{ 0.300\ L}= 0.0667\ M\)
Using the ICE table
\(CH_3NH_3^+ + H_2O \longrightarrow CH_3NH_2 + H_3O^+\)
\(I \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.0667 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\\\\C\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ -x\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ +x \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ +x\\\\E \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.0667-x \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ +x \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \+x\\\\\to Ka = \frac{[CH_3NH_2] [H_3O^+] }{[CH_3NH_3^+]}\)
Calculating \(K_a\) from \(K_b\)
\(\to K_a \times K_b = 1\times 10^{-14}\\\\\to K_a = \frac{1\times 10^{-14}}{4.4\times 10^{-4}} = 2.27\times 10^{-11}\\\\\)
\(= 2.27\times 10^{-11} \\\\= x\times \frac{x}{(0.0667-x)}\)
The x in the 0.0667-x can be ignored since the Ka value is just too small and it also does not follow the five percent criteria.
\(\to 2.27 \times 10^{-11} \times 0.0667 = x_2\\\\\to x_2 = 1.515\times 10^{-12}\\\\\to x = 1.23\times 10^{-6}\ M\\\\\to [H_3O^+] = x = 1.23\times 10^{-6}\ M\\\\\)
We have the formula to calculate pH.
\(\to pH = - \log [H_3O^+] = - \log 1.23\times 10^{-6}\ M= 5.91\)
The pH at the equivalent point for this titration is "5.91".
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b. Next, use Routh's second criterion to symbolically specify any limitations on controller gain. o Use ONLY the symbolic variable kp and numerals. o These symbolic variables and functions are case sensitive (e.g. A = a, etc.). o Use the "Relations" tab within the calcPad to enter appropriate operators(<, >,<, S, etc.) as needed. o Enter each relation in a separate answer box (e.g. X510 and x<100; not 10
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Routh's second criterion to symbolically specify any limitations on controller gain. Use ONLY the symbolic variable kp and numerals. These symbolic variables and functions are case sensitive (e.g. A = a, etc.). Use the "Relations" tab within the calcPad to enter appropriate operators(<, >,<, S, etc.) as needed.
Enter each relation in a separate answer box (e.g. X510 and x<100; not Routh's second criterion is a simple method to find the stability of a closed-loop system based on the characteristic equation's coefficients. It can be used to determine the maximum value of gain, Kp, beyond which the closed-loop system will be unstable. The Routh's second criterion says that all of the coefficients of the polynomial should be positive. If any coefficient is negative or zero, the closed-loop system will be unstable. In this case, we can find the range of values for Kp, where the system is stable, using Routh's second criterion.Routh's second criterion requires a matrix to be formed. The second column of this matrix is formed by finding the GCF of the first two elements and the next two elements. To find the matrix, the following steps can be followed:Given a characteristic equation F(s)=an sn + an-1 sn-1 + ....+ a1 s + a0, create a table with two rows. The first row will be the coefficients of the characteristic equation. The second row will contain the coefficients of the auxiliary polynomial.Calculate the elements of the second column by finding the GCF of the elements of the first two columns. This column should have no zero elements; if it does, there is a possibility of instability. Calculate the remaining columns of the table using the following formulas:The first element in the (n+1)th row of the table is:$$\frac {a_{1}\cdot a_{n-1}-a_{0}\cdot a_{n}}{a_{1}}$$The second element in the (n+1)th row of the table is:$$\frac {a_{1}\cdot a_{n-2}-a_{0}\cdot a_{n-1}}{a_{1}}$$The third element in the (n+1)th row of the table is:$$\frac {a_{1}\cdot a_{n-3}-a_{0}\cdot a_{n-2}}{a_{1}}$$...and so on until the nth element. If any of the elements in the table are zero, the system is unstable. The sign of the coefficient of the auxiliary polynomial determines the stability of the system.for more such question on variables
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which architectural best practices should be followed to reduce interdependencies between systems? aws
Answers
Loose Coupling. Loose coupling is a method of connecting system or network components so that they depend on one another as little as possible. These components are also known as elements.
What does "loose coupling" mean?Loose coupling is a method of connecting system or network components so that they depend on one another as little as possible. These components are also known as elements. The degree of direct knowledge that one element has about another is referred to as coupling.An architecture that achieves loose coupling offers a number of benefits, such as: Loosely connected services boost the evolvability, encourage various adjustments, and lead to new solutions, particularly in scenarios where the system must be able to adapt to environmental changes.A loosely linked system is one that has components that are weakly related (have breakable relationships) with one another, meaning that changes to one component have the least impact on the existence or functionality of another component.To learn more about Loose coupling refer to:
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500 shares at $2.80 1000 shares at $1.90 average cost per share?
Answers
The average cost per share is $0.0031 per share
How do we calculate average cost per share?To calculate the average cost, divide the total purchase amount by the number of shares purchased to figure the average cost per share.
The average cost share method is commonly used by investors for mutual fund tax reporting.
Therefore average cost per share = Total cost/ total share owned.For example, an investor that has $1000in an investment and owns 500 shares would have an average cost basis of $2 i.e ($10,00 / 500).
Similarly,The total cost =$ 2.80+ $1.90 = $4.70
The total share owned = 500+ 1000 = 1500
average cost = 4.70/1500 = $0.0031 per share.
Therefore the average cost per share is $0.0031 per share.
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determine the minimum height of the beam shown below if the bending stress cannot exceed 20 mpa.is the max stress in tension or compression?
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"max stress," "20 mpa," and "compression. "The minimum height of the beam shown below if the bending stress cannot exceed 20 Mpa is given by h= 146.26 mm (rounded to the nearest hundredth)The max stress can be in tension or compression.
Typos and irrelevant parts of the question should be ignored. Additionally, it is recommended to use the following terms in your answer, What is stress? Stress is defined as the amount of force acting on a unit area of a material. The stress experienced by a material can be tension, compression, or shear. The bending stress experienced by a beam is an example of a normal stress. It is caused by a load that creates a moment around the beam's neutral axis. What is bending stress? When a beam is loaded by transverse forces, it experiences bending stress. When a beam bends, one side undergoes tension while the other undergoes compression. The maximum bending stress will occur at the point of maximum deflection. Therefore, the bending stress in a beam is a function of the beam's geometry and the magnitude of the load applied. Bending stress in a beam can be calculated using the following equation:σ = (M*y)/Iwhere:σ is the bending stress M is the bending is the distance from the neutral axis I is the moment of inertia
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A school bus with its flashing red signals on has stopped on a non-divided highway; you must?
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In a case whereby a school bus with its flashing red signals on has stopped on a non-divided highway then you must stop until the signal lights are no longer flashing and all passengers have cleared the roadway.
What is the function of red light in traffic rules?The function of red light in traffic rules is to tell the other road user that they should stop for a while to tell them thaqt there is a danger.
It should be noted that In a case whereby a school bus with its flashing red signals on has stopped on a non-divided highway then you must stop until the signal lights are no longer flashing and all passengers have cleared the roadway.
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pls help me it’s due today
Answers
Answer:
C. 14.55
Explanation:
12 x 10 = 120
120 divded by 10 is 12
so now we do the left side
7 x 3 = 21 divded by 10 is 2
so now we have 14
and the remaning area is 0.55
so 14.55
1. Asbestos can be dangerous but is not a known carcinogen.
A) O True
B) O False
Answers
Asbestos may cause cancer by inhalation. Moreover, asbestos is also known to cause different respiratory diseases (especially asbestosis) by affecting the mucosa of the bronchi.
The statement "Asbestos can be dangerous but is not a known carcinogen" is FALSE.Asbestos is a group of materials that were widely used in building constructions until 1990.Asbestos is a toxic substance that may cause mesothelioma and lung cancer.Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that develops on the outer surface that covers different internal organs.Moreover, asbestosis is a chronic disease in the lungs caused by long-term exposure to asbestos.Learn more in:
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Answer:
False
Explanation:
Need help please due today ill give brainliest for non-irrelevant answers
Describe the quality control measures engineers likely will use for a newly introduced line of cars that use solar power to recharge high-capacity batteries. Propose at least three tests or processes that will be important to any quality assessment for such a vehicle system.
Answers
Answer:
make sure its safe make sure it works as inteded
Explanation:
yes
if the system is released, use conservation of energy to determine the speed of mb just before it strikes the ground. assume the pulley bearing is frictionless
Answers
The calculated speed is 3.8 m/s. The system's gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy combined will always remain constant.
So: E=50.0 kg*2.5 m*9.8 m/s2
= 1225 kg*m2/s2
= 1225 J
Since m1 will be lifted when m2 falls, m1 will experience some gravitational potential energy.
E=27.0 kg*2.5m*9.8 m/s2
= 661.5 kg*m2/s2
= 661.5 J E
= 1225 J - 661.5 J
= 563.5 J
Therefore, the system will have 563.5 Joules of kinetic energy when m2 hits the ground. sqrt(E/39.7 kg)
= v sqrt(563.5 J/39.7 kg)
= v sqrt(14.19395466 m2/s2)
= v 3.767486518 m/s
= v E
= 39.7 kg v2 E/39.7 kg
= v2
Since that is the lowest precision datum available, round to 2 significant figures to arrive at a speed of 3.8 m/s.
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A(94,0,14) B(52,56,94) C(10,6,48) D(128,64,10)
The goal of the assignment is to apply methods of transforming orthogonal projections to solving metric problems.
The coordinates of four points ABCD are given (see next table). Determine the following values by transforming projection planes:
• 1. The size of the dihedral angle at the edge AB.
• 2. The shortest distance between ribs DA and BC.
• 3. Distance from vertex D to plane ABC.
• 4. Natural size of triangle ABC.
An example how to complete the task is shown after the table
Answers
9514 1404 393
Answer:
see below
Explanation:
We presume the drawing you want is contained in the figure you attached. The true sizes are identified with corresponding numbers.
Without your example, or your given methods of transforming projections, it is difficult to tell exactly how you want to compute the various distances or sizes.
When planning horizontal cabling, what is the maximum allowable distance that can be used?.
Answers
if any part of a rt crane tire touches the ground before a lift you should
Answers
If any part of an RT (Rough Terrain) crane tire touches the ground before a lift, it is important to take the following steps:
Assess the situation: Determine why the tire is touching the ground. It could be due to an uneven or unstable surface, improper positioning of the crane, or other factors.
Ensure stability: If the tire touching the ground compromises the stability of the crane, it is crucial to address the issue before proceeding with the lift. Instability can lead to accidents and pose a risk to both personnel and equipment.
Adjust positioning: If the tire touching the ground is a result of improper positioning, carefully reposition the crane to achieve a stable setup. Use proper techniques and safety precautions during the repositioning process.
Evaluate the lift plan: Review the lift plan and consider whether any modifications or adjustments are necessary due to the tire touching the ground. Ensure that the crane's capacity and stability are not compromised.
Seek assistance if needed: If repositioning or stabilizing the crane is challenging, or if there are concerns about the lift's safety, seek assistance from a qualified crane operator, supervisor, or engineer.
Remember, safety is paramount when operating cranes. If any part of the crane tire touches the ground before a lift, it is essential to address the issue to ensure a safe and successful operation.
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What is the link between fossil fuel use and flowers blooming earlier in the spring season
Answers
Answer:
a warmer earth due to fossil fuel emissions has milder winters and earlier springs
Explanation:
fossil fuels cause global warming which would make the winters less cold and spring and summer hotter.
explain why gypsum board is an excellent material for providing fire resistance in building assemblies.
Answers
Answer:
Board with glass fibres in the core provides better fire resistance than gypsum board without glass fibres. The fire resistance of wall assemblies with regular (standard) gypsum board increases as the density of the gypsum board increases. Layering the number of gypsum board on each side of the assembly from one to two improves the fire resistance rating. Well constructed and tested gypsum board wall assemblies offer a first line of defense against the spread of fire and lead to a more sustainable building.
Q.3Set. (C) 1000 hours of Testing of a sensor reveals the following data. Two samples out of twenty sensors failed after 900 and 800 hours respectively and balance 18 samples worked fine even after 1000 hours of testing. The customer specified reliability of 0.95How many hours of operation of sensors can be guaranteed based on above data.
Answers
Answer:
The ACT Science test explained below begins on page 40 of the guide. Please note that the 2020-2021 guide features the same practice test
Explanation:
Technician A says that the airbag computer retains power in case the power is lost after an initial collision.
Technician B says that rescue personnel may cut the negative battery cable after a collision to disable the airbag system.
Who is right?
A. A only
B. B only
C. Both A and B
D. Neither Anor B
Answers
Answer:
A. A only
Explanation:
Airbags are safety features added to vehicles to prevent or reduce the shock impact during a collision.
Disconnecting the negative battery cable would prevent power from reaching the airbag system, but the airbag system has a capacitor that stores charges at initial incidents and would deploy the bags. After a collision, the airbag leads are shot off preventing the airbag system power.
An Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provider shares its computing resources between a number of different clients, each of whom has a separate dedicated instance to host their own operating systems and applications.
Which Cloud computing concept is illustrated here?
Answers
Answer:
Elasticity
Explanation:
Cloud computing comprises of three (3) service models and these are;
1. Platform as a Service (PaaS).
2. Software as a Service (SaaS).
3. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).
You are given a matrix of integers of size representing a game field, and also a matrix of integers of
5ize
representing a figure. Both matrices contain only 0 s and 1 s, where means that the cell is occupied, and means that the cell is free. You choose a position at the top of the game field where you put the figure and then drop it down. The figure falls down until it either reaches the ground (bottom of the field) or lands on an occupied cell, which blocks it from falling further. After the figure has stopped falling. some of the rows in the field may become fully occupied
Answers
Given a matrix of integers of size representing a game field, and also a matrix of integers of Size representing a figure. This problem asks you to implement a simulation of a tetromino (a type of pawn used in the popular game Tetris) falling onto a playing field.
The playing field and tetrominoes are represented as matrices of 0's and 1's. where 1 represents an occupied cell and 0 represents an empty cell. A tetromino is placed at the top of the playing field and then falls until it reaches the bottom of the field or lands in an occupied cell. After the tetrominoes stop falling, all columns that are currently fully occupied are cleared from the field.
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By now, you most likely already noticed there are many similarities between the technological design process and the scientific method. Using your own words, explain 3 ways in which these processes are similar. (This will be graded).
Answers
Answer:
The key to bieng a good engineer
1. Define Your Goals
2. Commit Yourself To Continuous Professional Development
3. Work On Improving Soft Skills
4. Understand Business
5. Embrace Change
6. Work Hard
7. Be Optimistic
8. Identify Role Models And Mentors
9. Stay Flexible
10. Focus On The Long-Term
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A simple Rankine cycle uses water as the working fluid. The boiler operates at 6000 kPa and the condenser at 50 kPa. At the entrance of the turbine the temperature is 450 deg C. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 94 percent, pressure and pump losses are negligible, and the water in the condenser is subcooled by 6.3 degC. The boiler is sized for a mass flow rate of 20 kg/s. Determine the rate at which heat is added in the boiler, the power required to operate the pumps, the net power produced by the cycle, and the thermal efficiency.
Answers
Answer:
the rate at which heat is added in the boiler = 59597.4 kW
the power required to operate the pumps = 122.57 kW
The net power produced by the cycle = 17925 kW.
The thermal efficiency = 30%.
Explanation:
The specific enthalpy of saturated liquid is equal to the enthalpy of the first point which is equal to 314 kJ/ kg.
The second enthalpy is calculated from the pump work. Therefore, the second enthalpy = first enthalpy point + specific volume of water [ the pressure of the boiler - the pressure of the condenser].
The second enthalpy = 314 + 0.00103 [ 6000 - 50 ] = 320.13 kJ/kg.
The specific enthalpy for the third point = 3300 kJ/kg.
Therefore, the rate at which heat is added in the boiler = 20 × [3300 - 320.13] = 59597.4 kW.
The rate at which heat is added in the boiler = 59597.4 kW.
Also, the power required to operate the pumps = 20 × 0.00103 [6000 - 50] = 122.57 kW.
The power produced by the turbine = 20 [ 300 - ( the fourth enthalpy value)].
The fourth enthalpy value = 3300 - 0.94 [ 3300 - 2340] = 2397.6 kJ/kg
Thus, the power produced by the turbine = 20 [ 300 - 2397.6] = 18048 kW.
The power produced by the turbine = 18048 kW.
The net power produced = 18048 + 122.57 = 17925 kW.
The thermal efficiency = [net power produced] / [the rate at which heat is added in the boiler].
The thermal efficiency = 17925/ 59597.4 = 30%.
Determine the reactions at the supports A, B, and C. EI is constant. Suppose that P = 13. 5 kip. (Figure 1) Determine the force reaction at A Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. Enter positive value If the force is directed upward and negative value of the force is directed downward. Part B Determine the force of reaction at B. Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. Enter positive value if the force is directed upward and negative value if the force directed downward. Part C Determine the force of reaction at C. 3 kip/ft Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. Enter positive value if the force is directed upward and negative value if the force is directed downward
Answers
The force reaction at support C is -24 kip (downward). Reactions at Support A: -13.5 kip (upward). Reactions at Support B: 27 kip (upward). Reactions at Support C: -24 kip (downward)
To determine the reactions at supports A, B, and C in the given structure, we need to analyze the equilibrium of forces and moments.
Given:
P = 13.5 kip (applied load)
EI is constant (flexural rigidity of the beam)
Force unit: kip (kips)
Distance unit: ft (feet)
Part A: Reactions at Support A
To find the force reaction at support A, we need to consider the equilibrium of forces and moments about point A. Since the beam is in equilibrium, the sum of vertical forces must be zero.
Sum of vertical forces = 0
RA + P = 0
RA = -P
Substituting the given value:
RA = -13.5 kip (upward)
Therefore, the force reaction at support A is -13.5 kip (upward).
Part B: Reactions at Support B
To find the force reaction at support B, we need to consider the equilibrium of forces and moments about point B.
Sum of vertical forces = 0
RA + RB - P = 0
RB = P - RA
RB = P - (-13.5)
RB = P + 13.5
Substituting the given value:
RB = 13.5 kip + 13.5 kip = 27 kip (upward)
Therefore, the force reaction at support B is 27 kip (upward).
Part C: Reactions at Support C
To find the force reaction at support C, we need to consider the equilibrium of forces and moments about point C.
Sum of vertical forces = 0
RB + RC - 3 (length of the beam in ft) = 0
RC = 3 - RB
Substituting the given value:
RC = 3 - 27 kip
RC = -24 kip (downward)
Therefore, the force reaction at support C is -24 kip (downward).
In summary:
Reactions at Support A: -13.5 kip (upward)
Reactions at Support B: 27 kip (upward)
Reactions at Support C: -24 kip (downward)
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A factory produces flip-flops. The demand for flips flops is in millions. The factory uses an injection molding machine to produce flip flops. The mold cycle time is 50 sec per piece. The mold (considered as a tool) costs AED 1 million. Each mold can produce 1 million flip flops. The molding compound for each flip-flop costs AED 5. Only one person is needed to remove the finished product from the machine. Labor rate including overhead is AED 20/hr. However, the labor works on this machine only for 50% of his time. The molding machine was purchased for AED 500,000
and its anticipated life = 10 years, and it operates 6000 hours per year. Equipment overhead rate = 30%.
Calculate the following:
(a) the hourly production rate of the machine
(b) the annual quantity of pieces (or products) molded
(c) the cost per piece
Answers
(a) The hourly production rate of the machine:
Formula for hourly production rate is as follows: (Time available per day * Working days) / Cycle timeHourly production rate = (24* 300) / 50 = 1440
Main answer: The hourly production rate of the machine is 1440.
(b) The annual quantity of pieces (or products) molded:
Formula for Annual quantity of pieces is as follows: Production Rate * Annual hoursAnnual quantity of pieces = 1440 * 6000 = 8,640,000
Main answer: The annual quantity of pieces (or products) molded is 8,640,000.
(c) The cost per piece:
Explanation 1: The cost of the mold is AED 1,000,000 and it can produce 1,000,000 flip-flops. Therefore, the cost per piece is AED 1,000,000 / 1,000,000 = AED 1.
Explanation 2: The cost of the molding compound for each flip-flop is AED 5. Therefore, the total direct material cost is AED 5.
The total direct labor cost for each flip-flop is AED 20 / 2 (as the labor works for only 50% of his time on this machine) = AED 10.
The overhead cost per flip-flop can be calculated as follows: Equipment overhead cost per hour = 30% * AED 500,000 / 6000 = AED 25 per hour.Overhead cost per flip-flop = AED 25 / 1440 = AED 0.0174Total cost per piece = Direct Material cost + Direct labor cost + Overhead cost per piece = AED 5 + AED 10 + AED 0.0174 = AED 15.0174
Main answer: The cost per piece is AED 15.0174.
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