1. The stratosphere is above the troposphere. This layer of the atmosphere is where planes fly. At the top of the stratosphere, there is a ozone layer.
2. The mesosphere is above the stratosphere. Temperatures drastically drop in the mesosphere. It is the middle layer of the atmosphere.
3. Here are the layers of the atmosphere:
TroposphereStratosphereMesosphereThermosphereExosphereHope this helps you!
A meteorite is DIFFERENT from a comet mainly because it
A) has a tail of ice and dust.
B) enters the Earth’s atmosphere.
C) has a nucleus made of snow and rock.
Eliminate
D) is found in orbit between Mars and Jupiter.
An airplane needs to reach a forward velocity of 203 km/h to take off. On a 2000m runway, what is the minimum uniform acceleration necessary for the plane to take flight if it starts from rest?
Answer:
Minimum uniform acceleration in Km/hr² is 20,505.05 km/hr²
Explanation:
In other to determine the acceleration, we can use the formula below
acceleration = velocity/time
Time wasn't given in the question, hence we calculate for time using the parameters given and the formula below
Velocity= distance/time
time = distance/velocity
distance = 2000m ⇔ 2km
time = 2/203
time = 0.0099
Hence, we look for acceleration
which is
acceleration = 203/0.0099
= 20,505.05 km/hr² ⇔ 2.0 × 10⁴
For a series rlc circuit with resistance 5 kohm, capacitance 100 picofarad, and inductance 0.025 henry, what is the inductive and capacitive reactance, and the impedance at frequency 80 khz, and what are the natural and the free oscillation mode frequencies? provide the results within 1 hz accuracy.
The natural and the free oscillation mode frequency are 503,292 Hz and 6,283,185.31 rad/s respectively.
The inductive and capacitive reactance and the impedance at frequency 80 kHz can be calculated as follows;Formula for calculating the capacitive reactance is given as; XC =\(1/ (2\pi fC)\)
Where, f = FrequencyC = CapacitanceAt frequency 80 kHz and capacitance of 100 pF,XC = 1 / (\(2\pi\) × 80,000 × 100 ×\(10^(-12)\)) = 198.91 Ω
Formula for calculating the inductive reactance is given as;
\(XL = 2\pi fL\)
Where, f = FrequencyL = InductanceAt frequency 80 kHz and inductance of 0.025 H,XL = 2 × 3.142 × 80,000 × 0.025 = 12,566 Ω
Formula for calculating the impedance is given as;\(Z = \sqrt{(R^2 + (XL - XC)^2)}\)Where, R = ResistanceXL = Inductive reactanceXC = Capacitive reactanceAt frequency 80 kHz, the impedance;Z = √(5,000² + (12,566 - 198.91)²) = 12,503.3 Ω
The natural frequency (f₀) can be calculated using the following formula;f₀ = 1 / \((2\pi \sqrt{LC} )\)Where, L = InductanceC = Capacitancef₀ = 1 / (\(2\pi \sqrt{x=0.025} *100 * 10^(-12)\)) = 503,292 Hz
The free oscillation mode frequency (ωm) can be calculated using the following formula;ωm = 1 / √LCWhere, L = InductanceC = Capacitanceωm = 1 / \(\sqrt{0.025} * 100 * 10^(-12)\)) = 2,000,000 π rad/s = 6,283,185.31 rad/s
So, the natural and the free oscillation mode frequencies are 503,292 Hz and 6,283,185.31 rad/s respectively.
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The distance covered by a body along the x axis is given by x=2t^3+5t^2+t where t is measured in seconds and x is in meter. Find average speed in a time interval from t= 0s and t=2s
Explanation:
It is given that,
The distance covered by a body along the x-axis is given by :
\(x=2t^3+5t^2+t\)
t is in seconds and x is meters
Speed of the body is given by :
\(v=\dfrac{dx}{dt}\\\\v=\dfrac{d(2t^3+5t^2+t)}{dt}\\\\v=6t^2+10t+1\)
At t = 0,
\(v=6(0)^2+10(0)+1=1\ m/s\)
At t = 2 s,
\(v=6(2)^2+10(2)+1=45\ m/s\)
So, the average speed in a time interval from t= 0s and t=2s is 45 m/s.
It's important to maintain muscle flexibility by stretching only after aerobic exercise.
Answer: Most aerobic and strength training programs cause your muscles to contract and tighten. So stretching after you exercise helps optimize the range of motion about your joints and boosts circulation.
Hope this helps!
2. A student becomes so excited by the whole idea of black holes that he decides to jump into one. It has a mass 10 times the mass of our Sun. What is the trip like for him
Answer:
*Disclaimer you can't actually do that, or at least not yet because the nearest black hole is at least 1,000 light years away. But if we could...
His journy would be pretty fast and horrific. For him, he would slowly be streched apart or spegetified into a string of atoms as he nears the event horizoin. But for an outside observer he would apear to go slower and slower and would never actualy reach the event horizion. This is becuase of einstines general relativity, massive objects slow time down. He would also apear to become red as the lights wavelength is streched out due to the entense gravity of the black hole.
calculate the centripetal force on the end of a 66.0 m (radius) wind turbine blade that is rotating at 0.47 rev/s. assume the mass is 3.4 kg.
Centripetal force on the end of a 66.0 m (radius) wind turbine blade that is rotating is calculated as = 1.23 *10^-4 N.
What is Centripetal force?Centripetal force is the force acting on the object in curvilinear motion directed towards axis of rotation or the center of curvature and the unit of centripetal force is newton. It is directed perpendicular to the direction of the displacement of the object.
Given, radius= 66m mass is 3.4 kg
Given 0.47 rev/s
Angular velocity = 0.47 * 2π / 60
= 0.049 m/s
Centripetal force = mass * velocity²/radius
= 3.4 * 0.049² /66
Centripetal force= 1.23 *10^-4 N
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When a nucleus of 235u undergoes fission, it breaks into two smaller, more tightly bound fragments.
a. Calculate the binding energy per nucleon for ^235U? (Express with appropriate units)
b. Calculate the binding energy per nucleon for the fission product ^137 Cs?
When a nucleus of 235u undergoes fission, it breaks into two smaller, more tightly bound fragments. The binding energy per nucleon for 235-U is 7.6 MeV and 137-Cs is 8.39 MeV
What is the 235-U and 137-Cs binding energy per nucleon?In experimental physics, nuclear binding energy is the minimal amount of energy needed to separate an atom's nucleus into its component protons and neutrons, also known as nucleons.
The following equation provides the binding energy of a nucleus:
BE = Δmc² in which;
BE is Energy bound
Mass defect is m.
c is the speed of light or 931.49 MeV/u
For 235U:
A = 235
Δm = 1.9150664
BE is equal to 1.9150664 x 931.49 MeV/u.
BE = 1783.8648 MeV
The formula of the nucleon's binding energy is BE/A
BE/A = 235 x 1738.648 MeV
BE/A = 7.6 MeV
The binding energy for 137-Cs will be:
Mass defect m = 1.23383 unit
BE=1.123383 u x 31.49 MeV/u = 1149.3003 MeV
Additionally, the binding energy per nucleon, BE/A, is as follows:
A = 137 in the case of 137-Cs;
BE/A = 137 x 1149.3003 MeV
BE/A = 8.39 MeV
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does both electric field and voltage decrease if you add a parallel capacitor
No, the addition of a parallel capacitor does not necessarily decrease both the electric field and voltage. The electric field and voltage depend on the specific configuration of the circuit and the characteristics of the components involved.
When you add a capacitor in parallel to an existing circuit, it introduces an additional path for current to flow. The capacitor stores electric charge and can affect the distribution of voltage and electric field in the circuit. The effect on voltage and electric field depends on the relative capacitance of the added capacitor and the other components in the circuit. In some cases, adding a capacitor in parallel can cause a decrease in voltage across the capacitor itself. This is because the capacitor can initially act as a short circuit, allowing current to flow through it and reducing the voltage across it. However, the voltage across the other components in the circuit may not necessarily decrease. Regarding the electric field, the electric field is primarily determined by the voltage difference across a component and the physical arrangement of the circuit. Adding a parallel capacitor may affect the electric field locally around the capacitor, but it does not necessarily cause a decrease in the overall electric field throughout the entire circuit.
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For waves on a string, there are two formulae for the wave velocity: U=λ F and u=√t/μ
where v is the wave speed, is the wavelength, is the frequency, is the tension, is the mass per unit length of the string or rope. Assume that we can change either the tension in the string or the frequency of the source while keeping both the mass and the length of the string unchanged**. Answer the following questions about waves on a "standard" string: (a) How could you increase the tension, T, in the string in the lab? (b) Suppose that the frequency stays the same, explain what would happen (and why) to each of the remaining variables (v, A,pi and To) as a result of an increase in tension. (c) How could you increase the frequency, f, of the waves on the string in the lab? (d) Suppose that the tension, T. stays the same, explain what would happen (and why) to each of the remaining variables (v. A, pi, and To) as a result of this increase in frequency? [**Note that this is a good approximation for waves on a "standard" string or rope; but not a good approximation for waves on a slinky spring.)
To increase the tension, T, in the string in the lab, one can adjust the force applied to the ends of the string. This can be done by using weights or applying a greater pulling force.To increase the frequency, f, of the waves on the string in the lab, one can adjust the frequency of the source producing the waves.
If the tension, T, stays the same while increasing the frequency, several variables in the wave equation are affected. An increase in frequency would lead to a decrease in wavelength (λ) since they are inversely proportional. The wave velocity (v) would remain unchanged since the tension remains constant. The amplitude (A) of the wave would also remain unaffected. The time period (T) of the wave, on the other hand, would decrease since T is inversely proportional to the frequency.In summary, (a) increasing tension involves adjusting the force on the string, (b) increasing tension affects wave velocity and time period while leaving amplitude and wavelength unchanged, (c) increasing frequency involves adjusting the frequency of the source, and (d) increasing frequency affects wavelength and time period while leaving wave velocity and amplitude unchanged.
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Which of the following industries is the largest producer of primary air pollutants in the United States?
The largest producer of primary air pollution in the United States is what? electricity producing plants.
Answer:
electricity production
Explanation:
Identify and explain one way in which we try to deal with infiltration? What are the benefits and cost of that particular solution?
Answer:
i vigilate
Explanation:
What do the Hawaii volcanoes Aleutian Islands volcanoes, Valles Caldera volcano, and Mount St. Helens have in common?
Answer:
They are all stratovolcanoes.
What are the names of the different types of volcanoes?
Volcanic fissures are linear vents on the surface of a volcano through which lava erupts.
Shield volcanoes are long, flat volcanic islands that form as a result of effusive eruptions and have varying eruption styles.
Dome volcanoes, as their nomenclature implies, look like a dome or a semi-circle and, like shield volcanoes, are formed as a result of effusive eruptions. They are also classified by their plinian eruption style and highly silicic and therefore viscous magma.
Cinder cones are steep, conical hills that are made up of pyroclastic fragments that accumulate around a vent with 30–40° slopes and are monogeneric, meaning that they erupt only once.
Stratovolcanoes are made up of multiple layers of lava flow, hence their famously perfect cone shape as they are continuously rebuilt, and have 50–70° slopes. They also have a plinian eruptive style and parasitic cones.
Lastly, calderas are craters that were former stratovolcanoes with depressions caused by collapsed magma chambers, the result of a final (and most probably large-scale) eruption, and have a diameter of at least two kilometers.
Answer: They are all stratovolcanoes.
Explanation:
can anyone help me with this please
Answer:
1270 J
Explanation:
Recall that the mechanical energy of a system is the addition of the Potential energy and the Kinetic energy at any given time.
As the skier descends, potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, but the total mechanical energy should remain the same.
We see that it is not the case, so that difference is what has gone into thermal energy; 19500 J - 18230 J = 1270 J
With friction turned on, let the skater do one back-and-forth on the half pipe. Use
the grid. Does he reach the same height as when he started?
The skater does indeed reach the same height on either side of the track With friction turned on.
The only thing that will change is how long it takes for the skater to come to a rest during the scenario. Only the skater's initial height when placed onto the track affects the overall energy, which remains constant.Potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy as the skateboarder descends the ramp. Some of the system's energy is changed into heat energy by friction. The energy cannot be returned to the system's potential or kinetic energy once the kinetic energy has been transformed into heat.For more information on friction kindly visit to
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calculate the momentum of a car which has a mass of 730kg and is moving at a velocity of 20m/s
Answer:
14600 kgm/sExplanation:
The momentum of an object can be found by using the formula
momentum = mass × velocity
From the question we have
momentum = 730 × 20
We have the final answer as
14600 kgm/sHope this helps you
1. Suppose you weigh 580.00 Newtons (that is about 130 pounds) when you are standing on a beach near San Diego. How much will you weigh at Big Bear lake, which is about 2000 meters high? 2. A spring, with spring constant k = 0.50 N/m, has an m = 0.20 kg mass attached to its end. During its (horizontal) oscillations, the maximum speed achieved by the mass is Umax = 2.0 m/s. (a) What is the period of the system? (b) What is the amplitude of the motion?
Therefore, the period of the system is 2.513 s and the amplitude of the motion is 1.591 m.
1. In order to calculate how much you will weigh at Big Bear lake, we need to take into account the effect of gravity. The force of gravity depends on the mass of the two objects involved and the distance between them. The mass of the Earth is much larger than our own mass, so we can assume that it does not change significantly. However, the distance between us and the center of the Earth does change as we move higher up.
Using the formula for the force of gravity (F = G * m1 * m2 / r^2), where G is the gravitational constant (6.6743 × 10^-11 N*m^2/kg^2), m1 is the mass of the Earth, m2 is our own mass, and r is the distance between us and the center of the Earth, we can calculate the force of gravity acting on us at each location.
At the beach near San Diego, the force of gravity acting on us is F1 = G * m1 * m2 / r1^2 = (6.6743 × 10^-11) * (5.97 × 10^24) * (58) / (6,371,000)^2 = 570.09 N.
At Big Bear lake, the force of gravity acting on us is F2 = G * m1 * m2 / r2^2 = (6.6743 × 10^-11) * (5.97 × 10^24) * (58) / (6,373,000)^2 = 567.60 N.
Therefore, our weight at Big Bear lake is approximately 567.60 N, which is slightly less than our weight at the beach near San Diego.
2. The period of an oscillating spring-mass system is given by the formula T = 2π * √(m/k), where T is the period, m is the mass of the object attached to the spring, and k is the spring constant.
In this case, m = 0.20 kg and k = 0.50 N/m, so we can calculate the period as T = 2π * √(0.20/0.50) = 2.513 s.
The amplitude of the motion is the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position. We can find this value by using the formula Umax = A * ω, where Umax is the maximum speed achieved by the mass, A is the amplitude of the motion, and ω is the angular frequency (which is equal to 2π/T).
Rearranging this formula, we get A = Umax / ω = Umax / (2π/T) = Umax * T / (2π) = 2.0 * 2.513 / (2π) = 1.591 m.
Therefore, the period of the system is 2.513 s and the amplitude of the motion is 1.591 m.
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A student fires a cannonball vertically upwards with a speed of 34.0m/s. On the descent, the cannonball lands on top of a 30.0m tall building. Determine all unknowns and answer the following questions.
What was the cannonball's maximum height (measured from the ground)?
With what speed did the cannonball strike the building?
What was the cannonball's total flight time?
Using the equations of kinematics, we obtain the following results;
Maximum height of the cannonball = 59 mVelocity with which the ball strikes the building = 24 m/sTotal time of flight of the cannonball = 7 secsWhat is the maximum height?The maximum height is the height that was attained by the projectile. In this case, we have the fact that the projectile was fired vertically upwards with a speed of 34.0m/s. On the descent, the cannonball lands on top of a 30.0m tall building.
1) The maximum height could be obtained from;
v^2 = u^2 -2gh
v = final velocity ( 0 m/s at the maximum height)
u = initial velocity = 34.0m/s
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s^2
h = maximum height attained
Since v = 0 m/s
u^2 = 2gh
h = u^2/2g
h = (34)^2/ 2 * 9.8
h = 1156/19.6
h = 59 m
2) Given that the distance covered from the maximum height to the top of the building = 59 m - 30 m = 29 m
v^2 = u^2 + 2gh
In this case, the initial velocity is zero because the cannonballs dropped from a height
v^2 = 2gh
v = √2gh
v = √2 * 9.8 * 29
v = 24 m/s
Given that;
v = u - gt
v = 0 m/s when the cannon ball is projected upwards;
u = gt
t = u/g
t = 34.0m/s/9.8 m/s^2
t = 3.5 secs
The total time spent in air = 2(3.5 secs) = 7 secs
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which would have more momentum an elephant standing in one place or a small bird slowly flying through the air
Answer:
Elephant
Explanation:
has a larger mass which equates to greater momentum
A crane uses an average force of 5,200 N to left a girder 25m. How much work does the crane do on the girder?
Answer:
130,000 JExplanation:
The work done by an object can be found by using the formula
workdone = force × distance
From the question we have
workdone = 5200 × 25
We have the final answer as
130,000 JHope this helps you
What is your velocity if you run 100 meters away from your house and it takes you 5 seconds to run that far?
Answer:
velocity = displacement / time taken
velocity = 100/5
velocity = 20m/s
The wise and economic use of energy sources is the best way of conserving existing energy sources. Justify this statement.
The wise and economic use of energy sources is the best way of conserving existing energy sources because it ensures that energy sources that are not renewable such as petroleum are effectively managed so that they last for a longer time.
What is the conservation of resources?The conservation of resources refers to the various steps ad method employed to ensure that the existing resources are available for a long time and for future generations.
Conservation of energy sources involves effective and efficient use and management of energy sources so that they last longer. One way is the use of renewable energy.
One of the most important ways of the conservation of resources is the process of recycling to ensure that resources are reused.
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which of the following statements about einstein's general theory of relativity (gr) is false?
One false statement about Einstein's General Theory of Relativity (GR) is that it explains the behavior of objects on a quantum level.
While GR provides a mathematical framework for understanding the interactions of gravity on a large scale, it does not account for the behavior of subatomic particles. Another false statement is that GR is incompatible with the theory of quantum mechanics. While the two theories have not yet been fully reconciled, there have been efforts to unify them in theories such as loop quantum gravity and string theory. Finally, it is false to say that GR applies only to objects in space. The theory applies to any object with mass, regardless of its location.
Among the following statements about Einstein's General Theory of Relativity (GR), the false one is that it predicts that time passes at the same rate everywhere in the universe. In reality, GR explains that gravity influences the passage of time, causing it to slow down near massive objects. This phenomenon is known as time dilation. The theory also encompasses the curvature of spacetime caused by mass, gravitational waves, and the expansion of the universe. It's essential to distinguish the false statement to better understand the true implications of GR on our perception of time and gravity.
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A proton and an electron are placed in an electric field. Which undergoes the lesser acceleration?.
An Electron will undergoes the lesser acceleration
What is Proton and Electron ?An electron is a negatively charged particle of equivalent magnitude to a proton, which is positively charged. Therefore, they will feel the same amount of electric force when exposed to an electric field. As a result, the relationship between acceleration and mass will be inverse. An electron will accelerate more quickly than a proton because an electron has a lower mass.
Due to their opposite polarity, an electron and a proton are attracted to one another by an electrical force of equal strength when they are placed in an electric field. However, because of their opposing charges, the force will act in the opposite direction.
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What is the potential energy of the coil in the magnetic field in terms of the variables provided?
It is important to note that without the specific values of inductance and current, it is not possible to provide a numerical value for the potential energy.The potential energy of a coil in a magnetic field can be calculated using the equation:
Potential energy = 0.5 * L * I^2
where L is the inductance of the coil and I is the current flowing through the coil.
Let's break down the equation step by step:
1. Inductance (L): Inductance is a property of the coil that determines its ability to store energy in a magnetic field. It depends on factors such as the number of turns in the coil, the area of the coil, and the material used. The unit of inductance is the henry (H).
2. Current (I): The current flowing through the coil is another important variable. It represents the flow of electric charge and is measured in amperes (A).
3. Squaring the current: In the equation, we square the value of the current (I^2). This is because the energy stored in a magnetic field is directly proportional to the square of the current.
4. Multiplication: We multiply the inductance (L) by 0.5 and the square of the current (I^2) to calculate the potential energy of the coil.
5. Unit of potential energy: The unit of potential energy is joules (J), which is the same as the unit of work or energy.
Remember to consider the units of the variables provided and ensure they are consistent when plugging them into the equation. By using this equation and the given values of inductance and current, you can calculate the potential energy of the coil in the magnetic field.
Note: It is important to note that without the specific values of inductance and current, it is not possible to provide a numerical value for the potential energy. However, the equation and the step-by-step explanation above should give you a clear understanding of how to calculate the potential energy of a coil in a magnetic field.
Overall, the potential energy of the coil in the magnetic field can be calculated using the equation 0.5 * L * I^2, where L is the inductance of the coil and I is the current flowing through the coil.
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I need some help with this question
the answer for number 2 is B
Which one of the following temperatures (in °C) is equivalent to 294 K?
A. 21 °C
b. - 312 °C
c. 39 °C
d. 585 °C
Answer:
21
Explanation: its actually 20.85 but i guess they round to 21
Which type of rays have a wavelength shorter than that of visible light?
A.
microwaves
B.
infrared rays
C.
gamma rays
D.
radio waves
Answer:
c
Explanation:
wavelength shorter means energy is higher
the wavelength
radio waves>microwave>infrared rays>gamma rays
Eric wants to perform an investigation on red blood cells.......
Answer: What are the choices
Explanation:?
SPEAR is a storage ring at the Stanford Linear Accelerator which has a circulating beam of electrons that are moving at nearly the speed of light (2.998 108 m/s). If a similar ring is about 80.0 m in diameter and has a 0.59 A beam, how many electrons are in the beam
Answer:
n = 3.1x10¹²
Explanation:
To find the number of electrons we need to find first the charge (q):
\( I = \frac{q}{\Delta t} \rightarrow q = I*\Delta t \) (1)
Where:
I: is the electric current = 0.59 A
t: is the time
The time t is equal to:
\(v = \frac{\Delta x}{\Delta t} \rightarrow \Delta t = \frac{\Delta x}{v}\) (2)
Where:
x: is the displacement
v: is the average speed = 2.998x10⁸ m/s
The displacement is equal to the perimeter of the circumference:
\( \Delta x = 2\pi*r = \pi*d \) (3)
Where d is the diameter = 80.0 m
By entering equations (2) and (3) into (1) we have:
\(q = I*\Delta t = I*\frac{\Delta x}{v} = \frac{I\pi d}{v} = \frac{0.59 A*\pi*80.0 m}{2.99 \cdot 10^{8} m/s} = 4.96 \cdot 10^{-7} C\)
Now, the number of electrons (n) is given by:
\( n = \frac{q}{e} \)
Where e is the electron's charge = 1.6x10⁻¹⁹ C
\( n = \frac{q}{e} = \frac{4.96 \cdot 10^{-7} C}{1.6 \cdot 10^{-19} C} = 3.1 \cdot 10^{12} \)
Therefore, the number of electrons in the beam is 3.1x10¹².
I hope it helps you!