How is open complex formation mediated in pol ii transcription initiation?.

Answer:

Thomas Bedford born in 1799

died in 1808 Dec 24

Answer:

Thomas Beddoes (in 1799)

Died: 24 December 1808, Bristol

Explanation:

Answer:

All enzymes have an ideal pH value, which is called optimal pH. Under the optimum pH conditions, each enzyme showed the maximum activity. For example, the optimum pH of an enzyme that works in the acidic environment of the human stomach is lower than that of an enzyme that works in a neutral environment of human blood. All enzymes have an optimum pH that they work best at. Its often neutral pH 7, but not always.

Explanation:

i hope this is good?

Answer:

If its dna replication the answer will be TCCCCTAGTCGTGGCCTAAAGTACTCGG

If its transcription the answer will be UCCCCUAGUCGUGGCCUAAAGUACUCGG

Explanation:

An adaptation that the sea spider has for gathering food and conserving energy Gathering Food. Option A.

Many spider crabs have colors and patterns that match the algae and other organisms on the sea floor. Some have bright colors to ward off predators. They use a tubular proboscis to capture food or feed on microbes. Spider crabs reproduce by forming mating groups in which males collect and fertilize eggs from females.

The father then takes care of the eggs and offspring. Spider crabs are a widespread and phylogenetically important group of marine arthropods. As the spider grows, its skin becomes more sacred and can fuel its larger body by absorbing the abundant oxygen packed in cold water. It has also been found to be useful in obtaining.

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Answer: DNA stores biological information in sequences of four bases of nucleic acid — adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G) — which are strung along ribbons of sugar- phosphate molecules in the shape of a double helix.

Explanation:

DNA is made of chemical building blocks called nucleotides. These building blocks are made of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar group and one of four types of nitrogen bases. To form a strand of DNA, nucleotides are linked into chains, with the phosphate and sugar groups alternating

A portion of a DNA molecule is represented by 1. The correct option is A.

DNA is the genetic material of the body. Its monomers are nucleotides, which are made up of nucleic acid.

Nucleotides are chemical building units that makeup DNA. A phosphate group, a sugar group, and one of four different nitrogen bases make up these building components.

Nucleotides are joined together into chains, with the phosphate and sugar groups switching positions, to produce strands of DNA.

Adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G), four nucleic acid bases, are sequenced in DNA to store biological information. These bases are connected by ribbons of sugar-phosphate molecules to form a double helix.

Therefore, the correct option is A. 1.

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Answer: Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, In Fungi, they have special enzymes that digest the decaying organisms, when the fungi die they will leave behind much nutrition in the soil for producers. Earthworms are detritivores that physically ingest decaying organisms, physically breaking the material down to further help other organisms with the physical decomposition of nutrients. Waste from the earthworms also contains nutrients that would go back into the soil and help producers grow to keep the food web balanced. (You did not specify the food web so I'm using fungi as one example, and a detritivore such as an earthworm for the second.)

Explanation:

Transcription and translation are processes that happens in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but in eukaryotic cells they take place in different sites than in prokaryotic cells. Therefore, C is incorrect.

In eukaryotic cells, the mRNA is extensively processed before it is ready to be translated, not in prokaryotic cells. Therefore, D is incorrect as well.

In eukaryotic cells, transcription and translation are separate processes, transcription takes place in the nucleus and translation takes place in the cytoplasm. In prokaryotic cells, transcription and translation both takes place in the cytoplasm, being a continuous process. Therefore, A is incorrect, E is wrong too and the correct answer is B. Transcription and translation are continuous processes in prokaryotes but not eukaryotes.

When the diaphragm becomes more active, two changes take place in the blood: rate of oxygen uptake by the blood increases, and, the rate of carbon dioxide elimination by the blood increases.

The two changes in blood as a direct result of increased diaphragm activity are:
1. Increased oxygenation: As the diaphragm contracts more frequently, it allows for more air to enter the lungs, facilitating a higher rate of oxygen exchange. This leads to a higher concentration of oxygen in the blood.
2. Enhanced removal of carbon dioxide: With the increased activity of the diaphragm, the rate of exhalation also increases, helping to remove carbon dioxide from the body more efficiently. As a result, the blood's carbon dioxide levels decrease.

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The answer is A. Design a classroom experiment as a first setup starts with an experiment.

Design of experiments, also known as randomized experiments, is characterized by two distinctive features: (i) the deliberate manipulation of treatment, or more generally, the independent variables of interest to the researcher, and (ii). Random assignment of units to treatment and control groups.

Studies in mice allow mothers to pass traits to their offspring via bacterial DNA. Summary: A new study in mice has shown that the DNA of bacteria inhabiting the body can pass traits to offspring in a manner similar to that of the parents themselves.

Hence concluded that mice trait is to be performed first.

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The type of scientist best qualified to perform genetic engineering to produce more productive seeds in agriculture would be a molecular biologist, the correct option is C.

Molecular biologists specialize in studying the structure, function, and interactions of molecules within biological systems, including DNA and genes. Genetic engineering involves manipulating the genetic material of organisms, which requires a deep understanding of molecular biology principles.

Molecular biologists have the expertise to identify and isolate specific genes responsible for desired traits in crop plants, such as increased productivity or resistance to pests or diseases. They can then modify or introduce these genes into target plants to achieve the desired outcomes, the correct option is C.

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The ssDNA complementary strand to the given dsDNA sequence "ATTCCGATAA" would be "TAACGCTTTT".

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and is a double-stranded, helical polymer that carries genetic information in nearly all living organisms. It serves as the blueprint for the synthesis of RNA (ribonucleic acid) and proteins, which are essential for life processes such as replication, transcription, and translation.

The dsDNA strand given is ATTCCGATAA. To obtain the ssDNA complementary strand, you must first understand the base-pairing rules. Adenine (A) only pairs with thymine (T), while cytosine (C) only pairs with guanine (G). You may utilize the complementary base-pairing rule to discover the ssDNA complementary strand.

So, the complementary strand for ssDNA is feasible, and the complementary strand for dsDNA is TAAGGCTATT.

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Answer:

C) They may provide selective advantages.

D) Slight differences in the genetic code may have significant results.

Explanation:

The genetic code is universal, and present in most living beings . Generally, in most living organisms, the same codons are assigned to the same amino acids.  

DNA sequences make up genes that may have multiple variants, called alleles. DNA deoxyribonucleic acid, is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into amino acids that form proteins.

Natural selection mainly acts on phenotypes, which are dependent on proteins and the organisms's environment.  Phenotypes conferring advantageous traits are favored by the selection process- these help groups of organisms evolve over time.

Answer:

A= ovaries

B=uterus

C=endometrium

D= cervix

E=vagina

Answer:i:a ii:b iii:c iv:a

Explanation:this is pretty much what d id hope it helps

Agglutinogens are contained on the surface of red blood cells, whereas the agglutinins are found in the plasma of blood.

Agglutinogens are specific antigens that determine blood type, and there are four main types: A, B, AB, and O. The presence or absence of these antigens on the surface of red blood cells determines an individual's blood type.

Agglutinins, on the other hand, are antibodies that bind to agglutinogens, causing them to clump together or agglutinate. These antibodies are present in the plasma of individuals who do not have the corresponding antigen on their red blood cells.

For example, individuals with blood type A have agglutinogens A on their red blood cells and agglutinins B in their plasma. If they were to receive blood from someone with blood type B, their agglutinins would bind to the agglutinogens on the donated blood cells, causing them to clump together and potentially leading to a transfusion reaction.

Understanding the relationship between agglutinogens and agglutinins is important in blood typing and transfusion medicine.

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Answer: Option C.

The development of the two types of forest has negatively affected the populations of shrubs by decreasing the amount of space available for shrubs

Explanation:

The development of the two types of forest has negatively affected the populations of shrubs by decreasing the amount of space available for shrubs because pine and hardwood are huge trees bigger than shrubs and occupy space. As they occupy space the received most of the sunlight, their roots is very extensive and draw water and nutrients from the soil which makes these resources not very much available for shrubs and hence it drastically affected the populations of shrubs. Because of their heights, wideness and big leaves, little sunlight gets to shrubs and hence shrubs photosynthesis is reduced.

The removal of one seral stage to another is called ecological succession.

The place which is used by the shrubs is now used by the tree and give the competition for the land. The development of the two types of forest has negatively affected the populations of shrubs by decreasing the amount of space available for shrubs.

As they occupy space they received most of the sunlight, their roots are very extensive and draw water and nutrients from the soil which makes these resources not very much available for shrubs, and hence it drastically affected the populations of shrubs.

Because of their heights, wideness, and big leaves, little sunlight gets to shrubs, and hence shrub's photosynthesis is reduced.

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Answer: sympathetic nervous system & parasympathetic nervous system

Answer:

A shared character is one that two lineages have in common, and a derived character is one that evolved in the lineage leading up to a clade and that sets members of that clade apart from other individuals. 

Answer:

A shared character is one that two lineages have in common, and a derived character is one that evolved in the lineage leading up to a clade and that sets members of that clade apart from other individuals. Shared derived characters can be used to group organisms into clades. For example, amphibians, turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, birds and mammals all have, or historically had, four limbs. If you look at a modern snake you might not see obvious limbs, but fossils show that ancient snakes did have limbs, and some modern snakes actually do retain rudimentary limbs. Four limbs is a shared derived character inherited from a common ancestor that helps set apart this particular clade of vertebrates.

Answer:

A - 1. Carbon dioxide is converted to sugar used for food (this is process of phosynthesis).

G - 2. Carbon trapped in fossil fuels is converted to carbon dioxide (this is combustion of fuel).

E - 3. Organic carbon is converted to fossil fuels.

H - 4. Carbon dioxide is converted to carbonates.

F - 5. Sugar is broken down and converted to carbon dioxide (this is breathing).

Explanation:

hope this helps

Answer:

The correct answer is B. "Melanocytes and muscle cells express different genes."

Although all cells in an organism (such as a human) contain the same DNA, different cell types express different sets of genes. Gene expression is the process by which specific genes are activated to produce a needed protein. In this case, the gene responsible for melanin production is expressed in melanocytes, but not in muscle cells.

This does not mean that muscle cells have destroyed the gene for melanin (as stated in option C) or that melanocytes contain different genes from muscle cells (as stated in option D). All cells within an organism contain the same genes, but not all genes are expressed in every cell. The process of gene expression is regulated by the cell to ensure that each cell type functions properly.

Option A is also incorrect because all cells, including both muscle cells and melanocytes, rely on both DNA (for storing genetic information) and RNA (for transmitting that information and producing proteins). DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins. This process occurs in all cells.

The statement explains the difference between skin melanocytes and muscle cells is - melanocytes and muscle cells express different genes. So option b  is correct.

Melanocytes are dark, dendritic-shaped, highly differentiated cells that secrete melanin, a pigment found in melanosomes, which is the primary function of melanocytes.

Melanocytes are a type of cell derived from the neural crest. They form a synapse with keratinocytes through their dendrites in the epidermis. Melanocytes play an important part in skin pigmentation and their role in the generation and distribution of melanin has been extensively studied.

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Based on the soil texture diagram, 50 percent sand, 40 percent clay,  10 percent silt option p- a is correct answer.

To categorize a soil's texture class, use a soil texture triangle. For the proportions of sand, silt, and clay, the sides of the soil texture triangle are scaled. Readings of clay percentages across the triangle are done from left to right (dashed lines). Silence is read from top right to bottom left (light, dotted lines).

Keep the following in mind when interpreting the soil texture triangle:

1. Clay is vertical

2. Sand is a diagonal line to the left and up.

3. Silt is a diagonal pointing left and down.

Please refer to the attached image to better understand this.

Simply follow the lines that converge at the point in your soil texture triangle to determine the percentage of the sample's composition. The percentage would be the number at the end of the line.

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Answer:

1. D

2. A

3. A

4. C

5. B

6. B

7. D

8. A

9. E

10. C

Explanation:

The process of cellular respiration, which generally involves the synthesis of energy from carbohydrate molecule (glucose), occurs in four major steps in eukaryotic cells. These steps are glycolysis, kreb cycle, bridge or intermediate step and oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain).

The features of each step is highlighted below:

GLYCOLYSIS: This is the first stage if cellular respiration in which Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvic acid (pyruvate). It can occur without oxygen in the system and it uses 2 ATP molecules to start the process.

INTERMEDIATE STAGE: This stage is also called bridge or transition reaction. It does not produce any ATP molecule but only prepares the reaction for aerobic respiration in the mitochondria by turning Pyruvate molecule into acetyl CoA.

KREB'S CYCLE: This is the third step in the process. AcetylcoA undergoes series of chemical processes to release 4 carbon dioxide molecules and generates FADH2 and NADH electron carriers. It takes two cycles to process two glucose molecules that is used in the respiration process.

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN: In this stage, approximately 34 ATP molecules are produced in the mitochondria using enzyme called ATP synthase, which catalyse the conversion of ADP to ATP.

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION: This type of respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen. In animal cells, lactic acid/lactate is produced and stored in the muscle as an end product

Answer:

The macroalgal thallus (i.e., plant body) consists of blades (leaf-like lamina), reproductive sori (spore clusters), gas bladders [flotation organs (on blades in rockweeds, between lamina and stipes in kelps)], stipes [stem-like structures (may be absent)], and holdfasts [with or without haptera (finger-like extensions ...

Explanation:

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The large body size attained by some insects and myriapods in the late Paleozoic is thought to have been facilitated by increased oxygen levels.

The higher oxygen levels allowed for more efficient respiration and metabolism, enabling these organisms to grow larger.

Changes in ocean chemistry, the emergence of dense forests, and global warming may have played a role in shaping the ecosystems of the time, but they are not thought to be the primary drivers of increased body size in these organisms.

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Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) is a phenomenon characterized by the sudden disappearance of worker bees from beehives, leaving the queen and a few immature bees behind.

The causes of CCD are not fully understood, but prevailing hypotheses include pesticide exposure, parasites and diseases, poor nutrition, and various stress factors. These factors likely interact and contribute to the decline of honeybee populations.

Understanding CCD is crucial for implementing effective strategies to mitigate its impact, including promoting sustainable agricultural practices, reducing pesticide use, improving beekeeping management, and enhancing habitat and forage availability.

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Honeybees provide one of the most important ecosystem services: pollination - and they do this for free! We are experiencing huge losses in pollinator populations throughout the United States and the rest of the world. The decline is so great that many farmers now must import European honeybees to pollinate crops. In 2006, an emerging issue called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) caused massive declines in beehives. These declines are still a problem today. Respond to the following prompts in your initial post this week: 1. What is Colony Collapse Disorder and what are the prevailing hypotheses for what causes CCD?

Another independent variable one could test for in a pollen tube growth is the different seeds from different plants.

Independent variable is the variable that is changed or manipulated in a series of experiments.

The independent variable is the variable that affects the dependent variable, which is the variable that is measured in the experiment.

The pollen tube is the tube that develops from the wall of a pollen grain and, in seed plants, provides a passage through which the male nuclei reach the embryo sac to effect fertilization.

In a pollen tube growth experiment, the pollen tube growth length will differ in different species of plants, hence, the different seeds used can be another independent variable to test.

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Answer:

1-Phloem

2-Xylem

Explanation:

The carbon cycle is a process that describes the movement of carbon between the atmosphere, land, oceans, and living organisms. The correct sequence of the given processes are in image below.

The correct sequence is shown in the image below. Here, the group 1 (marked as red) includes photosynthesis on land, photosynthesis in ocean, cellular respiration and burning fossil fuels; while group 2 (marked as blue) includes the \(CO_2\) in the atmosphere, plants, consumers and decomposers.

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Answer:

B.

Explanation:

When you sweat cools your skin as it evaportates.