The number of calories in 3 grams of peanuts, based on the given data, is approximately 10.88 calories. The correct answer is (c) 10.88 cal.
To calculate the number of calories in 3 grams of peanuts, we need to use the data collected from the experiment and apply the following formula:
calories = (mass of substance burned × specific heat of water × temperature change of water) ÷ volume of water
We are given that the mass of peanut burned was 0.75 g, the volume of water heated was 50 mL, and the temperature change of water was 14.5 °C.
The specific heat of water is 1 calorie per gram per degree Celsius (1 cal/g°C).
Substituting the given values into the formula, we get:
calories = (0.75 g × 1 cal/g°C × 14.5 °C) ÷ 50 mL
calories = 10.88 cal
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Explain how ionic compounds are able to conduct electricity when they are molten but not a solid
Answer:
Explanation:
because when in molten form ions are Mobil (free) to move and can carry a charge however when in solid ions are fixed in position so they can't move and carry a charge.
to a first approximation the ionization constant of h2s is
The ionization constant of H₂S is approximately 1.0 x 10⁻⁷.
The ionization constant, also known as the acid dissociation constant (Ka), is a measure of the extent to which an acid dissociates in water. It indicates the degree of ionization of an acid and is typically expressed as the equilibrium constant for the reaction between the acid and water.
In the case of H₂S (hydrogen sulfide), it is a weak acid that can partially dissociate in water to produce hydrogen ions (H⁺) and sulfide ions (HS⁻). The ionization reaction can be represented as follows:
H₂S ⇌ H⁺ + HS⁻
The ionization constant (Ka) represents the equilibrium expression for this reaction. The value of Ka determines the relative strength of the acid. For H₂S, the ionization constant is approximately 1.0 x 10⁻⁷, indicating that it is a weak acid.
This value indicates that H₂S only partially ionizes in water, with a small fraction of H₂S molecules dissociating into H⁺ and HS⁻ ions. The majority of H₂S remains in its molecular form.
It is important to note that the ionization constant can vary depending on factors such as temperature and concentration. The given approximation is a typical value at standard conditions.
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Which statement best describes 0 degrees latitude?
A. The northernmost point of earth at its axis.
B. An imaginary line that runs through Greenwich, in London.
C. An imaginary line that spilts earth in half between the North Pole and the South Pole.
D. The southernmost point of earth at its axis.
Answer:
C. An imaginary line that spilts earth in half between the North Pole and the South Pole.
In the Millikan oil droplet experiment, the oil is sprayed from an atomizer into a chamber. The droplets are allowed to pass through the hole into the chamber so that their fall can be observed. The top and bottom of the chamber consist of electrically charged plates. The upper plate is positively charged, and the lower plate is negatively charged. X rays are introduced into the chamber so that when they strike the oil droplets, the droplets will acquire one or more negative charges. The electric field (voltage) is applied to the metal plates.
Watch the animation and identify the effects of an electric field on the motion of a negatively charged oil droplet. Consider the gravitational force as Fg and the electric force as Fe. All the other forces acting on the oil droplet can be ignored as their effect on the motion of the oil droplet is negligible.
A/ In the absence of an electric field, the oil droplet falls freely due to the gravitational force.
B/ If Fe is increased until it is equal to Fg, the negatively charged oil droplet will remain stationary.
C/ If Fe is greater than Fg, the negatively charged oil droplet will move freely toward the negatively charged plate.
D/ In the presence of an electric field, the negatively charged oil droplet moves freely toward the negatively charged plate.
** I chose B, but that was the wrong answer
C/ If Fe is greater than Fg, the negatively charged oil droplet will move freely toward the negatively charged plate.
In the Millikan oil droplet experiment, the negatively charged oil droplets are subjected to an electric field created by the charged plates. The electric force (Fe) acts on the oil droplet in a direction opposite to the gravitational force (Fg). When Fe is greater than Fg, the electric force overcomes the gravitational force, causing the negatively charged oil droplet to experience an upward force. As a result, the oil droplet moves freely upward toward the negatively charged plate.
Option B is incorrect because if Fe is equal to Fg, the forces balance each other, resulting in a stationary droplet. However, the question states that Fe is increased until it is greater than Fg, implying that the droplet is no longer stationary but moves in response to the electric force.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer, as it describes the effect of an electric field on the motion of a negatively charged oil droplet in the Millikan oil droplet experiment.
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"compounds that have the same molecular formula but possess different physical and chemical properties are called isomers and this phenomenon is known as isomerism."
The statement is correct. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but possess different physical and chemical properties are indeed called isomers, and this phenomenon is known as isomerism.
Isomerism refers to the existence of two or more compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement or connectivity of atoms in their structures. Isomers can exhibit variations in properties such as boiling point, melting point, density, solubility, reactivity, and biological activity.
There are two main types of isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism.
Structural Isomerism: In structural isomerism, the isomers differ in the connectivity of atoms within the molecule. They have different structural arrangements or bonding patterns.
Examples of structural isomers include chain isomerism, functional group isomerism, position isomerism, and ring-chain isomerism. Structural isomers often exhibit distinct physical and chemical properties due to their different arrangements of atoms and functional groups.
Stereoisomerism: Stereoisomers have the same structural formula, but their spatial arrangement differs. This type of isomerism arises due to the presence of stereocenters or double bonds that restrict rotation. Stereoisomers can be further divided into two subcategories:
a. Geometric Isomerism (Cis-Trans Isomerism): Geometric isomers have different spatial arrangements around a double bond or a ring. The isomers can exist as cis-isomers (similar groups on the same side) or trans-isomers (similar groups on opposite sides) and exhibit different physical and chemical properties.
b. Optical Isomerism (Enantiomerism): Optical isomers, also known as enantiomers, are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. They have the same connectivity of atoms but differ in their three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions and exhibit different biological activities and interactions with chiral environments.
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Note: The complete question is:
"compounds that have the same molecular formula but possess different physical and chemical properties are called isomers and this phenomenon is known as isomerism." check the given statement is correct or not?
1.Which group of numbers can divide 54 with no remainder?
A. 1, 2, 5, 7, 12,54
B. 1, 2, 6,9, 27,54
C. 2, 4, 6, 8, 26, 54
D. 1, 2, 7, 8, 29,54
Answer:
The answer is B. 1,2,6,9,27,54
Explanation:
1.00 pint of milk has a volume of how many milliliters? ( 2 pints = 1 quart)
1.00 pint of milk is equal to 473.18 milliliters, based on the conversion factor of 1 pint = 473.18 milliliters.
To convert pints to milliliters, we can use the conversion factor of 1 pint = 473.18 milliliters.
Since we have 1.00 pints of milk, we can multiply it by the conversion factor to find the volume in milliliters:
1.00 pint * 473.18 milliliters/pint = 473.18 milliliters.
Therefore, 1.00 pint of milk is equivalent to 473.18 milliliters. It's important to note that this conversion factor is based on the standard definition of a pint, which is equal to 473.18 milliliters. In some countries, the pint may have a different value, so it's essential to use the appropriate conversion factor based on the specific context or region.
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It is found that up to 0. 0110 g of srf₂ dissolves in 100 ml of aqueous solution at a certain temperature. Determine the value of ksp for srf₂.
To determine the value of Ksp for SrF2, we need to use the given solubility data and the stoichiometry of the dissolution reaction.
The solubility of SrF2 is given as 0.0110 g in 100 ml of aqueous solution. First, we need to convert the solubility from grams to moles. The molar mass of SrF2 can be calculated as follows:
Molar mass of SrF2 = (87.62 g/mol) + 2*(18.998 g/mol) = 125.62 g/mol
The number of moles of SrF2 dissolved can be calculated using the given solubility:
Moles of SrF2 = 0.0110 g / 125.62 g/mol = 8.76 x 10^-5 mol
Next, we need to consider the stoichiometry of the dissolution reaction of SrF2:
SrF2 (s) ⇌ Sr2+ (aq) + 2F- (aq)
From the balanced equation, we can see that the molar solubility of SrF2 is equal to the concentration of Sr2+ ions and twice the concentration of F- ions.
Since the volume of the solution is given as 100 ml (or 0.100 L), we can calculate the molar solubility:
Molar solubility of SrF2 = Moles of SrF2 / Volume of solution in liters
= (8.76 x 10^-5 mol) / 0.100 L
= 8.76 x 10^-4 M
Finally, the value of Ksp can be determined by using the molar solubility and the stoichiometry of the reaction:
Ksp = [Sr2+] * [F-]^2
= (8.76 x 10^-4 M) * (2 * 8.76 x 10^-4 M)^2
= 3.81 x 10^-11
Therefore, the value of Ksp for SrF2 is 3.81 x 10^-11.
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If the concentration of a dye stock solution is 1 x 10-3 M what volume of stock solution is needed to make a 2 x 10-5 M solution of dye in 4 mL
To make a 2 x 10⁻⁵ M solution of dye in 4 mL, it is needed to take 0.08 ml of the dye stock solution.
Concentration refers to the amount of a substance in a defined space. Another definition is that concentration is the ratio of solute in a solution to either solvent or total solution.
There are various methods of expressing the concentration of a solution.
Concentrations are usually expressed in terms of molarity, defined as the number of moles of solute in 1 L of solution.
Solutions of known concentration can be prepared either by dissolving a known mass of solute in a solvent and diluting to a desired final volume or by diluting the appropriate volume of a more concentrated solution (a stock solution) to the desired final volume.
C₁ = 1 x 10⁻³ M (concentration of the stock solution)
C₂ = 2 x 10⁻⁵ M (desired concentration of the diluted solution)
V₂ = 4 mL (final volume of the diluted solution)
Putting these values into the dilution formula:
(1 x 10⁻³ M)(V₁) = (2 x 10⁻⁻⁵ M)(4 mL)
V₁ = (2 x 10⁻⁵ M)(4 mL) / (1 x 10⁻³ M)
= (8 x 10⁻⁵ mL) / (1 x 10⁻³ M)
= 0.08 ml
Volume = 0.08 ml
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nitrogen gas at a pressure of 1.37 atm and a temperature of 315 k occupies 15.9 l of volume. calculate the temperature in degrees celsius when the pressure is changed to 1.65 atm and the volume to 3.24 l.
Nitrogen is a drab fueloline or a liquid below pressure. It is the primary thing of air ,the temperature in degrees when the pressure is changed to 1.65 atm and the volume to 3.24 l is -195.9°C.
WE know.
PV = nRTP = Pressure, V = Volume, n = Number of moles, R = Rygberg constant, T = TemperatureCase 1PV = nRTP = 1.37 atm, T = 315 K, V = 15.nine L, R = 0.0821 atm L/mol K= 1.37X15.9= nX0.0821X315n = 21.783/25.861n = 0.8423 molesNow we were given the Number of moles of Nitrogen fueloline, we practice ths cost in case 2 to get the Temperature.Case 2PV = nRTP = 1.65 atm, T = ?? , V = 3.24 L, R = 0.0821 atm L/mol K, n = 0.8423 moles1.65X3.24 = 0.8432X0.0821XTT = 5.346/0.0692T = 77.25 K = (77.25-273.15) °c = -195.9°C.Read more about nitrogen :
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Please help/show work!
how many grams of n2 has gave a volume of 11.2 liters at stp? ideal gas law
Answer:
7.00335g
Explanation:
\(n=\frac{V}{V_m} \\n = \frac{11.2}{22.4} \\n= 0.5 mol\)
\(n=\frac{m}{M} \\m=nM\\m=(0.5)(14.0067)\\m=7.00335g\)
Translate the given theoretical conformer from the Newman projection to its wedge-and-dash drawing. You might find it helpful to make a model to help visualize the different viewpoints. Replace the hydrogen atoms with the appropriate atoms.
The wedge-and-dash drawing of the given theoretical conformer would be H₂C-CH-CH₂.
What is Newman Projection?The Newman projection is a technique used to show the conformation of chemical bonds in molecules. This is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional molecule with two atoms of a chemical bond shown as straight lines for clarity. The Newman projection is most commonly used to represent the staggered conformation of carbon-carbon single bonds, but can also be used to represent double and triple bonds. In this technique, molecules are displayed along their bond axes, allowing easy comparison of different conformations such as gauche, anti and eclipse.
Newman projection: H₂C-CH₂-CH₃
Wedges and line art: H₃C-CH-CH₂
When converting a Newman projection to a wedge drawing, hydrogen atoms must be replaced with appropriate atoms. In this case, the hydrogen atom of the central carbon atom should be replaced with a methyl group (CH₃). So the wedge and dash drawing would be H₃C-CH-CH₂.
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A supersonic aircraft (SST) consumes 5,320 gallons of jet fuel per flight hour. A company in 1990 had 380 SSTs in operation and that
for economic reasons each plane should watch approximately 14 hours a day. If world crude oil production was about
of 4.02 x 10° metric tons per year in 1990 and it takes approximately 7000 kilograms of crude oil to produce 1 ton of
of jet fuel. What percentage of the crude oil production in 1990 will be used for fuel for the S5Ts. It is known that 0.031 troy ounces of
jet-fuel occupy a volume of 1000 mm'.
Answer: First, we need to calculate the total fuel consumption per day for all 380 SSTs:
Fuel consumption per hour: 5,320 gallons
Number of planes: 380
Hours per day: 14
Total fuel consumption per day = 5,320 x 380 x 14 = 28,190,400 gallons
Next, we need to convert gallons to metric tons of jet fuel:
1 gallon = 0.00378541 metric tons
28,190,400 gallons = 106,698.89 metric tons
Now, we can calculate the total crude oil needed to produce this amount of jet fuel:
1 ton of jet fuel = 7,000 kilograms of crude oil
106,698.89 tons of jet fuel = 746,892,230 kilograms of crude oil
To convert kilograms to metric tons:
1 metric ton = 1,000 kilograms
746,892,230 kilograms = 746,892.23 metric tons
Finally, we can calculate the percentage of crude oil production used for SST fuel:
World crude oil production in 1990 = 4.02 x 10^9 metric tons
Percentage of crude oil used for SST fuel = (746,892.23 / 4.02 x 10^9) x 100
= 0.0186%
Therefore, approximately 0.0186% of the crude oil production in 1990 was used for fuel for the SSTs.
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what element is [Kr]5s24d105p2
[Kr]5s²4d10⁵p² represents iodine element. The fundamental components of matter are thought to be the elements.
What is element?A material is considered an element if it cannot be divided into two or even more simpler compounds by any kind of chemical process, including the use of light or warmth. For instance, when melting the chunk of gold, it nevertheless melts but remains as the precious metal element.
The fundamental components of matter are thought to be the elements. There are currently 118 known elements, 94 of which are found in nature while the remaining 24 are created artificially. [Kr]5s²4d10⁵p² represents iodine element.
Therefore, [Kr]5s²4d10⁵p² represents iodine element.
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An older adult client presents at the emergency department (ed) with reports of fatigue and diarrhea. the client reveals areas of ecchymoses and burn marks. which nursing actions are most appropriate
In this scenario, it is crucial for the nurse to assess the client's condition thoroughly and prioritize the client's safety and well-being.
Firstly, the nurse should perform a comprehensive physical assessment and obtain a detailed history from the client, including their medical history, medications, and any recent changes in their health. Additionally, it is essential to assess the client's vital signs and monitor them closely for any signs of deterioration or instability.
As the client presents with ecchymoses and burn marks, the nurse should assess the severity of these injuries and provide immediate treatment as appropriate. The nurse should also investigate the cause of these injuries and report any suspicions of abuse or neglect to the appropriate authorities, as these are concerning signs.
The nurse should also assess the client's hydration status, administer fluids as needed, and monitor the client's diarrhea. Education on proper hand hygiene and food safety practices should be provided to prevent the spread of infection.
Furthermore, the nurse should collaborate with the interdisciplinary team to address the client's fatigue, such as by providing opportunities for rest and ensuring adequate nutrition. The nurse should also consider the client's social support system and refer them to appropriate resources for assistance.
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_____energy tells us how fast the reaction willproceed.
Explanation
Kinetic energy is a modality of energy present in all moving bodies. According to the SI, its unit of measurement is the joule. Furthermore, this energy is a scalar quantity that has exclusively positive values.
Kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the body's velocity. Thus, if the speed of a body double, its kinetic energy will increase four times, if the speed of a body triple, then this increase will be nine times.
Answer
Kinect energy tells us how fast the reaction will proceed.
Cells and the Structure of Life Lab Report
What is the purpose of this lab
Explanation:
Andrews, 4/15/2019 – Cells and Structure of Life Lab Report. Objective(s): In your own words, what was the purpose of the lab? The purpose of this lab was to explain, show, and gather evidence of the cell theory. Procedure: 1.
2021: Cells and Structure of Life Lab Report. Objective(s): In your own words, what was the purpose of the lab? The purpose of this lab was to explain, show, and gather evidence of the cell theory. Procedure: 1.
in the laboratory you are asked to make a 0.250 m potassium sulfide solution using 15.8 grams of potassium sulfide. how much water should you add?
To make a 0.250 m potassium sulfide solution using 15.8 grams of potassium sulfide, you should add 250 mL of water. To calculate this, use the formula:
Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution
Given that molar mass of potassium sulfide is 110.23 g/mol, the amount of moles of potassium sulfide is 15.8 g / 110.23 g/mol = 0.1432 mol.
Then, the liters of solution is 0.250 M x liters of solution = 0.1432 mol, so liters of solution = 0.1432 mol / 0.250 M = 0.5728 L
Therefore, you should add 0.5728 L x 1000 mL/L = 572.8 mL of water.
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do you think that mass of the molecule has an effect on the rate of evaporation? use evidence from your experiment to enforce your answer.
Yes, the mass of a molecule does affect the rate of evaporation. Generally, heavier molecules evaporate more slowly than lighter molecules because they require more energy to escape from the liquid and enter the gas phase.
The rate of evaporation is determined by the amount of energy required for a molecule to escape the liquid and enter the gas phase. Heavier molecules typically have more energy bonds than lighter molecules, making them more difficult to break and therefore requiring more energy to escape from the liquid.
This means that heavier molecules require more energy to escape, which slows down their rate of evaporation compared to lighter molecules. Additionally, larger molecules have a greater surface area which increases their exposure to the environment, promoting evaporation. However, this effect is overshadowed by the increase in energy required for heavier molecules to escape. Therefore, the mass of a molecule does indeed have an effect on the rate of evaporation.
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what do you get when you mix H2O And Co3987b2
Answer:Potassium metal reacts very rapidly with water to form a colourless solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and hydrogen gas (H2). The resulting solution is basic because of the dissolved hydroxide. The reaction is exothermic.
Explanation:
A Cell is B.00 un in diameter' and has a cell width of 60.0 nm thrck. If densty x (mass druided by volome) of the wall is the Same as thent of pure water (1000kym
−3
). What ts the mass (in my) of the cell wall cossuming cell is splowicul and the wall is thin sphericul slell?
The mass of the cell wall, assuming the cell is spherical and the wall is a thin spherical shell, is approximately 0.91 milligrams.
To calculate the mass of the cell wall, we first need to determine the volume of the wall.
The given diameter of the cell is 0.00 μm, which means the radius (r) of the cell is half of that, so r = 0.00/2 = 0.00 μm = 0.00 nm.Now, we need to find the volume of the cell wall, which can be approximated as a thin spherical shell. The volume of a thin spherical shell can be calculated using the formula:
V = 4/3 * π * (r_outer^3 - r_inner^3)
Since the cell is spherical, the inner radius of the shell is the same as the radius of the cell (r), and the outer radius of the shell is the sum of the radius of the cell (r) and the thickness of the wall (60.0 nm). Thus, the outer radius (r_outer) of the shell is:
r_outer = r + thickness = 0.00 + 60.0 = 60.0 nm
Substituting the values into the formula, we have:
V = 4/3 * π * (60.0^3 - 0.00^3)
= 4/3 * π * (216,000 nm^3)
= 288,000 π nm^3
Next, we need to calculate the mass of the cell wall using the density of pure water. The density (ρ) is given as 1000 kg/m^3, which is equivalent to 1000 kg/1,000,000,000 nm^3 since 1 m = 1,000,000,000 nm. Thus, the mass (m) of the cell wall is:
m = ρ * V
= 1000 kg/1,000,000,000 nm^3 * 288,000 π nm^3
= 0.000288 π kg
Now, we can calculate the mass of the cell wall by substituting the value of π (pi) as 3.14159:
m = 0.000288 * 3.14159 kg
= 0.000905 kg
≈ 0.91 mg
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If astronauts landed on a planet 2/3 the size of earth what would it be
Answer: The ratio of radii of earth to another planet is 2/3 and the ratio of their mean densities is 4/5. If an astronaut can jump to a maximum height of 1.5 m on the earth, with the same effort, the maximum height he can jump on the planet is
Explanation:
Describe the difference between density and volume
Answer:
hey there
Density;
The amount of mass or particles per unit of space.
for example, the density of water is 997 kg/m³
Volume;
the amount of space something takes up.
For example Mars is 163 billion cubic kilometers^3
what are electrons. in your own words
Answer:
Electrons are the smallest of the particles that make up an atom, and they carry a negative charge.
Answer:
Electrons are the smallest subatomic particles that make up an atom. They have a mass of 1/1836 amu's or 0 amu's (no mass) Electrons are located in the electron cloud and have a negative charge.
Explanation:
Hope that helps
What is the mass percent when 66 grams of NaCl is dissolved in 255 grams of water?
INFORMATION:
We have:
- 66 grams of NaCl
- 255 grams of water
If the NaCl is dissolved into the water, we must find the mass percent
STEP BY STEP EXPLANATION:
To find the mass percent we must must use the next formula
\(\text{ mass percent}=\frac{\text{ mass of solute}}{\text{ mass of solution}}\times100\)In our case,
- the solute is NaCl
- the solution would be the sum of masses from NaCl and water
Then,
- mass of solute = 66 g
- mass of solution = 66 g + 255 g = 321 g
Finally, replacing in the formula,
\(\text{ mass percent}=\frac{66g}{321g}\times100=20.5607\)ANSWER:
The mass percent when 66 grams of NaCl is dissolved in 255 grams of water is 20.60%
given the equation 2mno4− 5so32−→2mn2 5so42− 3h2o how many h ions should be added to the left side to balance the hydrogen atoms? express your answer as an integer.
To balance the hydrogen atoms in the equation 2MnO₄⁻ + 5SO₃²⁻ → 2Mn²⁺ + 5SO₄²⁻ + 3H₂O, 6 H⁺ ions should be added to the left side.
In the given equation, the goal is to balance the hydrogen atoms by adding H⁺ ions to the left side.
1. Count the hydrogen atoms on the left side of the equation: There are 3 hydrogen atoms in the water molecules (H₂O) on the right side.
2. Count the hydrogen atoms on the right side of the equation: There are no hydrogen atoms in MnO₄⁻ or SO₃²⁻ ions.
3. Compare the number of hydrogen atoms on both sides: There are 3 hydrogen atoms on the right side, but none on the left side.
4. Balance the hydrogen atoms: To balance the hydrogen atoms, we need to add 3 H⁺ ions to the left side of the equation.
Therefore, the equation should be balanced by adding 6 H⁺ ions to the left side:
2 MnO₄⁻ + 5 SO₃²⁻ + 6 H⁺ → 2 Mn²⁺ + 5 SO₄²⁻ + 3 H₂O
To balance the hydrogen atoms in the equation 2MnO₄⁻ + 5SO₃²⁻ → 2Mn²⁺ + 5SO₄²⁻ + 3H₂O, 6 H⁺ ions should be added to the left side.
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F2(g)+2Br(aq)=Br(t)+F(aq)
which species is redused?
a)F
b)Br
c)F2
d)Br2
The Answer For Your Question is:
A) F
Why blowing at the ping ping ball did not change its shape and size?
Answer:
Because it does not have to
Explanation:
Why because when you blow at it it might move it does not change it's shape because it is a solid
Describe the three main groups of clay minerals. Explain the
differences in their structure and stability?
The reaction for industrially producing ethanol, C₂H₂OH, is given below:
C₂H₂(g) + H₂O(g) → C₂H₂OH(g)
AH=-45 kJ per mole
The temperature and pressure can be changed to increase the yield of ethanol at
equilibrium.
The forward reaction is exothermic
The conditions used in the process are:
.
60 atmospheres pressure
200 °C
phosphoric acid catalyst.
Using the equation and your knowledge of reversible reactions, explain why such a
high pressure is used, why a moderate (not too low or too high) temperature are used
and why a catalyst is used.
Consider both yield and rate of reaction in your answer.
[8 marks]
Explanation:
There are 2 moles of gaseous reactants that produce one mole of gaseous products. This means that a change in pressure will affect the reactant side more than the product side. Thus, we should increase the pressure to make it so that pressure is higher on the reactant side than the product side. This will cause the reaction to shift to the product side (ethanol) to reestablish equilibrium and increase the yield of the reaction. Also, increasing the pressure increases the number of collisions the reactants will have with each other, thus increasing the rate of the reaction. Thus, a high pressure is used.
A catalyst is a substance that does not get used up in a reaction that provides an alternate reaction pathway with a lower activation energy, thus speeding up the rate of the reaction. Thus, a catalyst is used.
The reaction is exothermic, so heat gets produced in the reaction and is thus a product in the reaction. Thus, we should decrease the temperature of the reaction because it would decrease the amount of heat on the products side and thus shift the reaction to the product side to reestablish equilibrium and increase the yield of the reaction.
However, the temperature of a reaction also affects the rate of the reaction, so making the temperature too low will make the reaction too slow. On the contrary, making the temperature too high increases the amount of heat on the products side and thus shifts the reaction to the reactant side to reestablish equilibrium and makes the yield of the reaction too low. Thus, the temperature used is moderate.