in fig. 8-20, we see how alice can send bob a signed message. if trudy replaces p, bob can detect it. but what happens if trudy replaces both p and the signature?

Answers

Answer 1

If Trudy replaces both P and the signature, then Bob will not be able to detect it as the signature verification process will fail. This is because the signature verification process involves decrypting the signature using the public key of the sender and comparing it with the hash of the original message.

If either the message or the signature is tampered with, the verification process will fail. In the given scenario, Alice uses her private key to encrypt the hash of the message and sends it along with the original message to Bob. Bob then decrypts the signature using Alice's public key and compares it with the hash of the original message. If the two match, Bob knows that the message is authentic.
However, if Trudy intercepts the message and replaces both the original message and the signature with her own, then Bob will receive a modified message that appears to be from Alice but is actually from Trudy. When Bob decrypts the signature using Alice's public key, it will not match the hash of the modified message and the verification process will fail.
In conclusion, it is important to ensure the integrity of both the message and the signature in order to prevent tampering and maintain the authenticity of the communication.

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Related Questions

hiii please help i’ll give brainliest:)

hiii please help ill give brainliest:)

Answers

Answer:

Homer

Explanation:

hope the helps

It was homer. I had the exact same question not too long ago

8.) What happens to the host in a parasitism relationship? *
O
Nothing happens to it.
It eats the leftover bits discarded by the parasites.
O It relies on the papsites for protection.
The parasite may kill it.

Answers

Answer: The parasite may kill it.

Explanation: Parasites rely on the host for life, energy, food, or shelter etc. It may end up harming the host while in search of what it needs.

In the 1900s, asian immigrants mainly settled in the southwest, while hispanics settled along the east coast. please select the best answer from the choices provided t f

Answers

It is false that In the 1900s, Asian immigrants mainly settled in the southwest, while Hispanics settled along the east coast.

What was the pattern of immigration in the 19th century?

In the year 1900, Asians were seen as moving toward Westcoast in response to the Gold rush in California.

Similarly, Hispanics were migrating to the Southwest to gain the benefits of the economic boom in the US by working in its industries.

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Matt is visibly excited to see his father when his father comes home from work every evening. Now, he is equally excited when he hears his father's car in the driveway, because he associates this with his father coming home. In this scenario, Matt's behavior can best be explained by _____.

Answers

A conditioned response (if you are learning about Pavlov's theory)

When you talk about how two things are different, you are:
reviewing
comparing
contrasting
describing

Answers

Answer:

contrasting

Explanation:

In looking at a company's cost of capital what would you recommend to a business that doesnt really have any assets or the assets are not worth much anymore. Would you recommend taking out debt to acquire new assets that would help the business meet demand or some other option?

Answers

It may be difficult to obtain financing through traditional means such as taking out loans or issuing bonds. In this case, the business may need to explore alternative financing options.

One option could be to seek out investors or partners who are willing to provide capital in exchange for an equity stake in the company. This could provide the company with the necessary funds to acquire new assets or invest in growth initiatives, while also providing the investors with the potential for a return on their investment.

Another option could be to consider crowdfunding, which involves raising money from a large number of individuals, typically through an online platform. Crowdfunding can be a good option for businesses that have a compelling story or product and are able to effectively market their campaign to potential investors.

Therefore, It is important to carefully consider the risks and benefits of any financing option and to seek the advice of a financial advisor or attorney before making any decisions.

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jonah has just received a c on a test they expected to get an a on. jonah decided that it's not worth getting upset about and that they will email the teacher for advice on how to improve on the next exam. deciding that it's not worth getting upset about is an example of a and deciding to email the teacher for help is an example of .

Answers

He  has just received a c on test they expected to get an a on. He decided that it's not worth getting upset about and they will email teacher for advice on how to improve on the next exam an example of decision maker.

If you are upset, it means that something negative has happened to you and you are dissatisfied or disappointed. I was quite upset after Mom passed away. Marta appeared agitated. Synonyms: upset, disturbed, rattled, and concerned additional words for upset If you are upset, it means that something negative has happened to you and you are dissatisfied or disappointed. I was quite upset after Mom passed away. Marta appeared agitated. Synonyms: upset, disturbed, rattled, and concerned additional words for upset Only offer counsel when requested. When someone discloses a problem, the majority of us instantly offer help, but sometimes our well-intended suggestions backfire. The key distinction between advice and advise is that advice (spelled with a S) is a verb that implies to recommend or tell someone.

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The entitlement of nonhuman animals to ethical treatment is referred to as ________. a. Modern social movement b. Pet protection laws c. HSUS d. Animal rights

Answers

Based on sociological context, the entitlement of nonhuman animals to ethical treatment is referred to as "Animal Rights."

What is Animal Rights?

Animal Rights are perceived rights given to non-human animals such that animals live as they desire without being affected or subjected to human desires or objectives.

Some of the Animal Rights are:No experimentation on animalNo killing for consumptionNo hunting or game activitiesNo zoo or caged for entertainment, etc.

Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer is "Animal Rights."

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a topic addressed by psychoanalysis and essentially ignored by the other schools of psychology was

Answers

One topic that is addressed by psychoanalysis and is essentially ignored by other schools of psychology is the concept of the unconscious mind.

According to psychoanalytic theory, the unconscious mind is the part of the psyche that contains thoughts, feelings, and memories that are repressed or hidden from conscious awareness.

These hidden thoughts and feelings can influence a person's behavior and emotions, even though they may not be aware of them.Psychoanalytic theory also emphasizes the role of early childhood experiences in shaping personality and behavior. According to this theory, experiences in childhood can create unconscious conflicts and desires that continue to influence behavior and emotional responses throughout a person's life. Psychoanalysts believe that exploring these unconscious conflicts through therapy can help individuals gain insight into their behavior and make positive changes in their lives.Other schools of psychology, such as behaviorism and cognitive psychology, tend to focus more on observable behavior and conscious thought processes. While these approaches may be effective for treating certain mental health conditions, they may not address the underlying unconscious conflicts that can contribute to psychological issues. Therefore, psychoanalysis remains a valuable approach for individuals seeking to explore and address the unconscious aspects of their personality and behavior.

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which field studies human history and prehistory through analysis of material culture?

Answers

The field that studies human history and prehistory through the analysis of material culture is known as Archaeology.

Archaeology is a discipline that focuses on the study of human history and prehistory by examining and interpreting artifacts, structures, and other material remains left behind by past civilizations. It seeks to reconstruct and understand the lives, cultures, and behaviors of ancient societies through the analysis of material culture.

Material culture refers to the physical objects and artifacts that are created, used, and left behind by human societies. These can include tools, pottery, buildings, artwork, burial sites, and more. By excavating and analyzing these artifacts, archaeologists gain insights into various aspects of human life, such as technology, social structures, economic systems, religious practices, and artistic expressions.

Through careful examination and interpretation of material culture, archaeology contributes to our understanding of the past and helps piece together the intricate tapestry of human history and prehistory.

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What is oppression?
O A. A set of behaviors expected from people because of their social
identity group
O B. Systematic mistreatment of people based on their social identity
group
O C. Membership in a social identity group that has advantages for its
members
D. The amount of rights and privileges in social identity groups

Answers

Oppression is a systematic mistreatment of people based on their social identity group. Thus, option B is correct.

What is a social identity group?

Oppression is described as the social act of imposing significant constraints on a person, community, or organization.

A government or political organization in power imposes formal or covert restrictions on oppressed groups in order for them to be manipulated and less capable of competing with other social classes.

Individuals' physical, social, and mental qualities often define social identity groupings. Race/ethnicity, gender, social class/socioeconomic status, sexual orientation and religion/religious beliefs are all examples of social identities.

Oppression is defined as the systematic mistreatment of individuals based on their social identity group. As a result, option B is correct.

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muzafer sherif's boys' summer camp experiment showed that perceptions of each of the two groups at the camp were influenced by: please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices groupthink. a person's intelligence. the mere exposure effect. competitive and cooperative activities.

Answers

The perceptions of each group at the camp were influenced by competitive and cooperative activities that is option C is correct.

Whenever a summer camp is held different types of activities are conducted for students to have fun and also t learn new things and have experience of things. The activities include camping, bonfire, fun games, etc. Along with these games and activities, the children learn different values also. They learn the sense of equality and togetherness when they live with each other. They learn sharing and cooperation as they tend to help each other and share their things with all the other students in the camp. Also, they learn the value of competitiveness as they fairly compete with one another in all the activities held in the camp. They get exposure of life and learn to live life by doing their own things.

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'religious people should always forgive those that commit crime'

12 marks

3 paragraphs for the statement.

3 paragraphs against the statement.

1 conclusion.

I need this asap thankyou​

Answers

You have to write by own bro please u der atand that content

What is the name of the German family who lets Mahmoud's family stay with them?

Refugee

Answers

Answer:

Ruth was the one who let Mahmoud's family stay with her in Germany in 2015.

Explanation:

What are monuments ? pleases help who will answer first I will make him/her brainless sorry sorry brainlist​

Answers

Answer:

Monuments are statues, buildings, or other structures erected to commemorate a notable person or event.

Explanation:

(In rome)
Most children were educated ____.

A) not at all
B) only in mathematics
C) at home by their fathers
D) in community schools

Answers

Answer:

D) in community schools

Answer:

C) at home by their fathers

Explanation:

Can you think of some other institution in this example? What is their role ?
( Civics class 9 Working of institutions )

Answers

No i don’t think so bro

To make a banana split, you halve a banana into two long, thin, right and left sides along the ________.

Answers

Answer:

i belive it is midsagittal plane

Explanation:

hope this helps

What is the most physiologically relevant marker of performance?
Group of answer choices
a. Power
b. Work
c. Load (Tension)
d. Velocity

Answers

The most physiologically relevant marker of performance is power. Here option A is the correct answer.

Power is the rate at which work is performed per unit of time. Therefore, it reflects the ability to produce force rapidly, which is critical in many sports and activities that require explosive movements, such as sprinting, jumping, and throwing.

Power is considered the most physiologically relevant marker of performance because it reflects the muscle's ability to produce force and the speed at which this force is generated. The power is commonly expressed in watts, and it is calculated by multiplying force (in newtons) by velocity (in meters per second).

Additionally, power is a more accurate indicator of performance than work because it accounts for the time taken to complete a task. Therefore option A is the correct answer.

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identity theft typically does not include credit-card theft

Answers

False: Identity theft can include credit card theft.

Identity theft refers to the fraudulent acquisition and misuse of someone's personal information, such as their name, Social Security number, or financial account details, with the intent to commit various fraudulent activities. Credit card theft is a common form of identity theft where an individual's credit card information is stolen and used without their consent for unauthorized purchases or transactions. This can involve physical theft of the credit card or its details, as well as cyberattacks or phishing scams to obtain the information.

While identity theft encompasses a broader range of fraudulent activities beyond just credit card theft, it is important to recognize that credit card theft is indeed a significant component of identity theft cases. Victims of identity theft often experience financial loss and potential damage to their credit history due to unauthorized use of their credit card information.

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Why should an employer be concerned about the employees’ health?

Answers

Answer:

As an employer, employee health and wellbeing does more than just making them happy at work. It's proven that promoting health at work can make an employee more productive, too. Happier and healthier employees are shown to regularly outperform those who are in organisations which do not promote health and wellbeing.

Which item is the best example if propaganda

Answers

The best example of propaganda:  a political poster designed to shame citizens into supporting a war.

The correct option is B.

Dissemination of information—facts, arguments, rumours, half-truths, or lies—is known as propaganda and is done to sway public opinion. Propaganda may be distinguished from casual talk or the open and easy interchange of ideas by deliberateness and a comparatively substantial emphasis on manipulation.

In order to accomplish its goals, propaganda frequently stirs up an emotional response in the audience. Public posters were a typical approach for governments to employ propaganda to influence their population for most of the twentieth century. They frequently used straightforward imagery to persuade individuals out of fear or guilt.

The complete question is:

Which item is the best example of propaganda:

A. Speech written by a politician encouraging students to stay in school.

B. a political poster designed to shame citizens into supporting a war.

C. a commercial made to promote a product.

D. a television interview with a politician about her reasons for running for office.

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HURRY EVERYONE I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST TO BEST ANSWER, IT IS DUE TONIGHT PLEASE HURRYYY!!!

HURRY EVERYONE I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST TO BEST ANSWER, IT IS DUE TONIGHT PLEASE HURRYYY!!!
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HURRY EVERYONE I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST TO BEST ANSWER, IT IS DUE TONIGHT PLEASE HURRYYY!!!
HURRY EVERYONE I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST TO BEST ANSWER, IT IS DUE TONIGHT PLEASE HURRYYY!!!

Answers

Answer:Question 1 is issuing buisness licens  

              Question 2 is wisdom justice and moderation

               Question 3 is 25

              Question 4 is 40

              Question 5 is speaker pro tempore

              Question 6 is  introducing a bill in the house of senate

               

 Basiaclly you had them all right

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of democracy?
a) citizens are equal under the law.
b) there is a free media elections are held regularly.
c) there is one political party.​

Answers

Answer: c

Explanation: because there is many points of view and many other opinions other than yours and democracy is everyone having a chance to have their own opinion and to vote.

The Battle of Palmito Ranch took place CLOSEST to which of the events on this timeline? A: Ft. Sumter Attacked B: Battle of Atlanta ends C: Lee Surrenders to Grant D: Battle of Gettysburg ends

Answers

Answer:

A ft sumter attack

Explanation:

i took the test in usatest prep

The Battle of Palmito Ranch took place closest to Sumter Attacked . The appropriate response is option A.

What is Battle of Palmito Ranch?

Some people believe that the Battle of Palmito Ranch, often referred to it as the Battle of Palmito Hill, was the last combat action of the American Civil War.

Because it was the final land battle of the American Civil War, the Texas battle of Palmito Ranch is notable. It is unclear why Union soldiers kept attacking after the war was over since both Union and Confederate leaders were informed that Confederate General Robert E. Lee had submitted.

As the final significant conflict between Union and Confederate soldiers, the Battle of Palmito Ranch is said to have occurred. Given that the Battle of Columbus in April 1865 is largely regarded as the final conflict of the Civil War, the conflict is typically referred to as a post-Civil War conflict.

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What is the process of cartography used for?

What is the process of cartography used for?

Answers

C. Making maps

Hope this helped!

choose the three factors that most significantly influence the properties of nanoscale materials.

Answers

The three factors that most significantly influence the properties of nanoscale materials are Size, Surface Effects, and Quantum Effects.

1. Size: The small size of nanoscale materials, which typically range from 1 to 100 nanometers, plays a crucial role in determining their properties. Due to the large surface area to volume ratio, these materials exhibit unique characteristics compared to their bulk counterparts. This size-dependent behavior leads to enhanced reactivity, improved mechanical properties, and novel electrical, magnetic, and optical properties.

2. Surface Effects: In nanoscale materials, a significant proportion of the atoms or molecules reside on the surface. Consequently, surface effects such as surface energy, surface stress, and surface defects become increasingly important. These surface effects result in changes to the chemical reactivity, stability, and mechanical properties of the materials, as well as impact the way they interact with their environment.

3. Quantum Effects: At the nanoscale, quantum effects become more pronounced, leading to distinct electronic, optical, and magnetic properties. These quantum effects include quantum confinement, tunneling, and quantized energy levels, which can be observed in materials such as quantum dots, nanowires, and ultra-thin films. These phenomena can result in unique behaviors such as quantized conductance, size-tunable bandgaps, and superparamagnetism.

In summary, the properties of nanoscale materials are significantly influenced by their size, surface effects, and quantum effects. The unique characteristics arising from these factors make nanoscale materials ideal for various applications in fields like electronics, medicine, and energy production.

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Ratification means
A) an official change.
B) the right to vote.
C) the right to free speech.
D) official approval.

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

I believe that is right sorry if wrong


5. Which statement is NOT true?
A. Granite is a gemstone.
B. Slate can be used on roofs.
C. Marble is used to make sculptures.

Answers

B. Slate can be used on roofs

Answer:

it would be B

Explanation:

rfjfjrn

a(n) _____________ assigns attributes commonly associated with a group to an individual.

Answers

A stereotype gives a person characteristics that are frequently connected to a group. In social psychology, a stereotype is a generalized attitude about a certain group of people. People might make this presumption for each individual in a particular group.

The word stereotype is derived from the French adverb stéréotype and means "solid imprint on one or more ideas/theories" from the Greek words (stereos), "firm, solid," and (typos), "impression."

Social stereotypes are ideas that certain behaviours or attributes are typical of specific social groupings.

In psychology, a stereotype is a predetermined, simplistic, and frequently biased opinion of a group of people. A person who has been accustomed to conventional thinking may not be able to recognize others for who they are because stereotypes are frequently irrational, unsupported generalizations.

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