In the Thermo Fisher application note on lon Chromatography (Lesson 4), a method is described on the second page. What mobile phase is used in the beginning of the method? 10 mM KOH O 10 mM sodium carbonate O 10 ug/L bromate O 1000 ug/L NaF

Answer:

the method is fractional distillation

1) a) The apparatus that can be used to separate a mixture of ethanol and water is called a fractional distillation apparatus. It consists of the following components:

b) The method of separation used in this apparatus is called fractional distillation.

2) In fractional distillation, the fractionating column provides additional surfaces for the vaporized components to condense and revalorize.

Distillation flask: This is a round-bottomed flask where the mixture of ethanol and water is initially placed.

Fractionating column: A long column with several glass beads or plates. It provides a large surface area for the vaporized components to condense and revalorize, aiding in the separation process.

Thermometer: It is placed at the top of the fractionating column to monitor the temperature during the distillation process.

Condenser: It is a coiled glass tube connected to the fractionating column. Cold water flows through the condenser, causing the vaporized components to condense back into liquid form.

Receiver flask: This is where the separated components are collected. The receiver flask is placed at the end of the condenser.

b) The method of separation used in this apparatus is called fractional distillation. Fractional distillation is employed when the components of a mixture have similar boiling points. In the case of ethanol and water, they form an azeotropic mixture with a boiling point of around 78.2°C. Simple distillation would not effectively separate these two components because they would boil together and vaporize simultaneously.

In fractional distillation, the fractionating column provides additional surfaces for the vaporized components to condense and revaporize. This repeated condensation and revalorization process allows for more efficient separation. The higher surface area in the fractionating column helps to achieve better separation of the ethanol and water, resulting in a more concentrated sample of ethanol in the distillate collected in the receiver flask.

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Answer:

3.2x10⁻⁶M of sulfate ion can be added

Explanation:

The solubility of SrSO4 is:

SrSO4(s) → Sr²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)

Where Ksp is defined as:

Ksp = 3.2x10⁻⁷ = [Sr²⁺] [SO₄²⁻]

The concentration of Sr is:

0.10mol / 1L = 0.10M = [Sr²⁺]

Replacing in Ksp:

3.2x10⁻⁷ = [0.10M] [SO₄²⁻]

[SO₄²⁻] = 3.2x10⁻⁶M of sulfate ion can be added

The chemical properties of an atom are primarily determined by its valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons located in the outermost shell of an atom and are responsible for the atom's reactivity and ability to form chemical bonds with other atoms. The correct answer to the question is a) valence electrons.

While atomic weight and the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom do affect its behavior, they do not determine the chemical properties of an atom. Atomic weight is the average mass of an atom, which is determined by the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. However, the number of neutrons in an atom's nucleus does not significantly affect its chemical behavior. Similarly, while protons play a role in determining the identity of an element, they do not directly determine its chemical properties. The number of valence electrons an atom possesses determines its ability to form chemical bonds, its reactivity, and its overall chemical behavior.

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The work of John Lawrence scientist was most essential to the use of radioactive isotopes in medicine.

John Lawrence was the first scientist that use a radioactive isotope in the treatment of a human disease. He became known as the father of nuclear medicine and his laboratory is considered the birthplace of this field.

So we can conclude that the work of John Lawrence scientist was most essential to the use of radioactive isotopes in medicine.

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I feel confident about modeling how the energy in a reaction will change, because this unit provided me with the information necessary to determine the type. With this knowledge, I can now interrelate with other properties and believe that this new ability will assist in future units as well. This unit has encouraged a deeper understanding of the world and its guiding principles.

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Answer:

A nucleus is the center of an atom that consists of protons and neutrons. Different elements have a different number of protons and neutrons

Explanation:

Answer:

0.25 moles of COCl₂ are been produced

The element that is oxidized is C, it changed the oxidation state from +2 in CO to +4 in phosgene.

Explanation:

Equilibrium reaction:

Cl₂(g)  +  CO(g)  ⇄  COCl₂(g)

Let's convert the mass of CO to moles:

7g . 1mol /28g = 0.25 moles

As ratio is 1:1, we can say that 0.25 moles of COCl₂ are been produced.

1 mol of chlorine reacts to 1 mol of carbon monoxide in order to produce 1 mol of phosgene.

Chlorine is been reduced:

Cl₂  +  2e⁻  ⇄  2Cl⁻

Change the oxidation state, from 0 (ground state) to -1. Oxidation state decreased.

Carbon is been oxidized.

In CO, carbon has +2 as oxidation state. In phosgene the oxidation state is +4. This oxidation state was increased, that's why it has oxidized.

The element that is oxidized is carbon whose oxidation number was increased from +2 to +4.

The equation of the reaction is;

Cl2(g) + CO(g) ⇄ COCl2(g)

We have been told that the chlorine gas is the reactant in excess hence the carbon monoxide is the limiting reactant.

Number of moles of  CO = 7.0 g/28 g/mol = 0.25 moles

Since the reaction is 1:1, 0.25 moles of COCl2 is produced.

The element that is oxidized is carbon whose oxidation number was increased from +2 to +4.

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The electronegativity periodic table is a chart that arranges elements according to their electronegativity, which is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons to itself. Electronegativity is a chemical property that reflects the relative tendency of an atom to draw electrons towards itself when it forms a chemical bond with another atom.

The electronegativity values are usually determined using the Pauling scale, which was developed by Linus Pauling and is widely used in chemistry. In this scale, the electronegativity of an element ranges from 0.7 for cesium to 4.0 for fluorine, with increasing electronegativity moving from left to right across a period and increasing as one moves down a group.

The electronegativity values can be useful in understanding chemical bonding and the behavior of molecules. For example, elements with high electronegativity values tend to form ionic bonds, while elements with low electronegativity values tend to form covalent bonds. Additionally, the electronegativity difference between two bonded atoms determines the type of bond, with larger differences indicating polar covalent bonds and smaller differences indicating nonpolar covalent bonds.

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Therefore, the estimated energies of a proton in a 5.0 fm long box are approximately:

E1 = 1.808 x 10^-13 J

E2 = 7.234 x 10^-13 J

E3 = 1.631 x 10^-12 J

The allowed energies of a particle in a one-dimensional box are given by:

E = (n^2 * h^2) / (8 * m * L^2)

Where:

E is the energy of the particle

n is the quantum number (1, 2, 3, ...)

h is the Planck's constant (approximately 6.626 x 10^-34 J*s)

m is the mass of the particle (mass of a proton = 1.673 x 10^-27 kg)

L is the length of the box (5.0 fm = 5.0 x 10^-15 m)

For n = 1:

E1 = (1^2 * (6.626 x 10^-34 J*s)^2) / (8 * (1.673 x 10^-27 kg) * (5.0 x 10^-15 m)^2)

For n = 2:

E2 = (2^2 * (6.626 x 10^-34 J*s)^2) / (8 * (1.673 x 10^-27 kg) * (5.0 x 10^-15 m)^2)

For n = 3:

E3 = (3^2 * (6.626 x 10^-34 J*s)^2) / (8 * (1.673 x 10^-27 kg) * (5.0 x 10^-15 m)^2)

Now we can calculate the values:

E1 ≈ 1.808 x 10^-13 J

E2 ≈ 7.234 x 10^-13 J

E3 ≈ 1.631 x 10^-12 J

Therefore, the estimated energies of a proton in a 5.0 fm long box are approximately:

E1 = 1.808 x 10^-13 J

E2 = 7.234 x 10^-13 J

E3 = 1.631 x 10^-12 J

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Answer:

Tornado

Explanation:

This is because, tornados are heavy constant winds that are blowing around all over causing an unstable atmosphere. Sometimes the weather will change drastically like causing hail, and cold fronts moving in. This is exactly what matches the conditions you show! :)

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Answer:

You can view more details on each measurement unit: molecular weight of Copper(I) Oxide or grams The molecular formula for Copper(I) Oxide is Cu2O. The SI base unit for amount of substance is the mole. 1 mole is equal to 1 moles Copper(I) Oxide, or 143.0914 grams.

Explanation:

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

1 orbital is 4 half of 4 is 2.

Answer:

1. Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons.

Explanation:

Alpha particles are generally produced in the process of alpha decay, a radio active decay in which an atom loses an helium atom.

AN alpha particle is identical  to the helium particle. The helium particle has mass number of 4 and atomic number of 2. This means;

Number of protons = 2

Number of neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number = 2

The correct option is option 1.

Answer:

Correct Answers

1

3

5

Explanation:

The color of light is determined by the location of an electron in an excited atom is explained through Energy levels, Excitation, Emission, Wavelength.

1. Energy levels: Electrons in an atom exist at specific energy levels, which are determined by the electron's distance from the nucleus. The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the lower its energy level, and vice versa.

2. Excitation: When an atom absorbs energy, its electrons can move to higher energy levels, causing the atom to become excited.

3. Emission: As the excited electrons return to their original, lower energy levels, they release energy in the form of light, also known as a photon.

4. Wavelength: The energy of the emitted photon determines its wavelength, and the wavelength of light corresponds to a specific color in the visible light spectrum.

5. Color of light: The color of the emitted light depends on the difference in energy between the electron's initial and final energy levels. For example, if an electron moves from a high energy level to a lower one with a large energy difference, the emitted light will have a shorter wavelength and may appear blue. If the energy difference is smaller, the emitted light will have a longer wavelength and may appear red.

The color of light emitted by an excited atom is determined by the location of its electrons, specifically the difference in energy levels between the excited state and the original state. The greater the energy difference, the shorter the wavelength and the more energetic the color of light.

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Answer:

12.2059 MPH

Explanation:

courtesy of omni calculator

Considering the ideal gas law and molar mass, 8.775 grams of gas are present in a sample that has a molar mass of 75.0g/mol and occupies a 3.00-L container at 100.0 kPa and 35.0°C

The pressure, P, the temperature, T, and the volume, V, of an ideal gas, are related by a simple formula called the ideal gas law:

P×V = n×R×T

Where:

The molar mass of substance is a property defined as its mass per unit quantity of substance. This is, molar mass is the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole.

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the ideal gas law:

0.9869 atm× 3 L = n× 0.082 (atmL)/(molK)× 308 K

Solving:

(0.9869 atm× 3 L)÷ (0.082 (atmL)/(molK)× 308 K)= n

0.117 moles= n

There are present 0.117 moles of gas.

Now, the sample of gas has a molar mass of 75 g/mol. If there are present 0.117 moles of gas, the mass of gas can be calculated as:

molar mass= mass÷ moles

75 g/mol= mass÷ 0.117 moles

75 g/mol× 0.117 moles= mass

8.775 grams= mass

Finally, the mass of gas present is 8.775 grams.

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At least 2,000 years ago, during the Roman era, pewter was used. The basic ingredients of old pewter were 70% tin and 30% lead. This form of pewter, also referred to as black metal, rapidly lost its lead when exposed to acidic foods.

Older pewters with a higher lead concentration are heavier, tarnish more quickly, and turn a darker shade of silver-grey with time. In 1974, BS5140, which was strengthened in 1994 by the European directive BSEN611, eliminated lead from the composition.

Modern pewter is lead-free and safe to use for eating and drinking, however older antique pewter objects may have lead residues.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

the less candy will be the smallest gerbil and the most candy will be the fatest

Answer:

A) The number of gerbils you feed

Explanation:

If you wanted to test whether eating candy made gerbils fat you would need to fluctuate the amount of candy each group receives to observe whether there was any differnce in weight

Answer:

Compressibility means: being able to basically squish something easier. Like water, water can be reduced in volume or size under pressure When that water expands, it turns into a gas.

Explanation:

Number of alpha decays is 4.

₉₀Th²³² → ₂He⁴ + ₈₈Ra²²⁸        ∴ α = ₂He⁴

Since, atomic number change by 2 in each alpha decay.

Total charge = 90 -82 = 8

Number of alpha decay = 8/2 = 4.

Alpha decay or α-decay is a type of radioactive decay wherein an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle (helium nucleus) and thereby transforms or 'decays' into a extraordinary atomic nucleus, with a mass wide variety this is decreased through 4 and an atomic wide variety this is decreased through two.

Alpha decay - A common mode of radioactive decay wherein a nucleus emits an alpha particle (a helium-four nucleus). Beta decay - A commonplace mode of radioactive decay in which a nucleus emits beta particles. The daughter nucleus will have a better atomic number than the original nucleus.

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100.39 °C will be the boiling point of a mixture formed by 0.70 mole fraction of a and 0.30 mole fraction of b.

Assuming in the mixture formed by the elements a and b, b is the universal solvent, that is, water, the constant Kb will be 0.512 °C/m

Data

DTb = Kb.m

DTb = 0.512 . 0.70 mole

DTb = 0.358 °C

boiling point calculation

Tb solution = Initial Tb + DTb

Tb solution = 100 °C + 0.358 °C

Tb solution = 100.39 °C

The boiling point of pure water of 100°C can be raised by the addition of a solute such as a salt. A solution typically has a higher boiling point than is measurable in the pure solvent.

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To solve this problem, we need to use the equations for the dissociation of a diprotic acid.

The first dissociation is:
H2L ⇌ H+ + HL-

The equilibrium constant for this reaction is Ka1 = [H+][HL-]/[H2L].

We are given that Ka1 = 1.0x10-3.

The second dissociation is:
HL- ⇌ H+ + L2-

The equilibrium constant for this reaction is Ka2 = [H+][L2-]/[HL-].

We are given that Ka2 = 1.0x10-11.

We are also given that the solution contains H2L, HL, L-, and H. This means that some of the H2L will dissociate to form HL- and H+, and some of the HL- will dissociate to form L2- and H+. We can set up an ICE table for each dissociation:

For the first dissociation:
H2L ⇌ H+ + HL-
I   0.65        0         0
C  -x           +x        +x
E  0.65-x     x         x

For the second dissociation:
HL- ⇌ H+ + L2-
I    x             0         0
C   -y            +y        +y
E    x-y        y         y

We can use the equilibrium constants to set up expressions for x and y:
Ka1 = [H+][HL-]/[H2L] = x^2/(0.65-x)
Ka2 = [H+][L2-]/[HL-] = y^2/x

We can solve for x and y using these expressions and the quadratic formula. However, since Ka2 is much smaller than Ka1, we can assume that most of the HL- will not dissociate to form L2- and H+. This means that y will be much smaller than x, and we can simplify the expressions to:

Ka1 = [H+][HL-]/[H2L] = x^2/0.65
Ka2 = [H+][L2-]/[HL-] ≈ y^2/x ≈ 0

Solving for x, we get:
x = sqrt(Ka1*[H2L]/0.65) = 1.14x10^-3 M

Now we can use the expression for the pH:
pH = -log[H+] = -log(x) = 2.94

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Explanation:

Answer:

82

Explanation:

Lead (207) has 82 protons and 82 electrons, generally. As it is neutral, there will be no change in the number of electrons as the electrons will cancel out with the number of protons, so the number of electrons equals the atomic number of 207Pb, which is 82.

The symmetries that are consistent with a two-dimensional crystal include translation; 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-fold rotations; reflection and glide.

Therefore, the answer is option C: Translation; 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-fold rotations; reflection and glide.

Two-dimensional crystals consist of two-dimensional lattices that can be defined by their symmetries.

They have five fold and higher rotation axes prohibited by the crystallographic restriction theorem.

The seven crystal systems and the fourteen Bravais lattices can be used to classify two-dimensional lattices based on their symmetries. All seven crystal systems have been found in two-dimensional lattices.

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Answer:

the earth is green because the green part is the plants and tree.

Answer:

The excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has created a greener planet,

Explanation:

The freezing point depression of a solution is proportional to the molality (m) of the solution, where molality is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

The more solute dissolved in a solution, the lower its freezing point will be. Based on this information, we can match the aqueous solutions with their appropriate letter from the column on the right:

0.10 m CuCl2 → C. Third lowest freezing point

0.13 m Cr(CH3COO)2 → B. Second lowest freezing point

0.17 m CuSO4 → A. Lowest freezing point

0.37 m Glucose (nonelectrolyte) → D. Highest freezing point

Explanation:

CuCl2 and CuSO4 are both strong electrolytes that dissociate completely in solution to form two ions per formula unit.

Therefore, they will have a greater effect on the freezing point depression compared to Cr(CH3COO)2, which only dissociates partially in solution.

Glucose is a nonelectrolyte and does not dissociate in solution, so it will have no effect on the freezing point depression. Therefore, it will have the highest freezing point among the given solutions.

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