It will make tracing
through and understanding the code much easier.
Once you understand what the code is doing, you’ll notice there is a ‘print_a’ function that is not reachable
through the execution path of the code as it’s written. Your job is to devise an input that overflows the
stack buffer and overwrites the $ra register causing the program to execute the ‘print_a’ function. Please
provide the successful input that triggers the overflow, a screenshot of the successful execution of your
attack that prints the A+ message, and a detailed description of how you figured out how to exploit the
buffer overflow and how you devised the proper input.
Finally, you will write a small amount of MIPS code to patch the vulnerability. Using the existing code
from overflow.s, implement logic to defeat the exploit you wrote above. To keep you on track, your
patch should only require around ~10 lines of code. Please submit your patched code in a file called
overflow_patch.s along with a screenshot demonstrating that your patched code successfully
prevents the malicious input devised above from working.
MIPS Code
.data
str: .asciiz "You've earned an A+!"
buffer: .space 28
.text
li $v0,8
la $a0, buffer
li $a1, 28
move $t0,$a0
syscall
move $a0, $t0
jal print
li $v0, 10
syscall
print:
addi $sp, $sp, -20
sw $ra, 16($sp)
sw $a0, 12($sp)
addi $t4, $sp, 0
la $t1, ($a0)
load_str:
lbu $t2, ($t1)
slti $t3, $t2, 1
beq $t2, 48, null
resume:
sb $t2, 0($t4)
addi $t4, $t4, 1
addi $t1, $t1, 1
bne $t3, 1, load_str
li $v0, 4
syscall
lw $ra 16($sp)
lw $a0 12($sp)
jr $ra
null:
addi $t2, $t2, -48
j resume
print_a:
la $a0, str
li $v0, 4
syscall

Explanation:

None of the following for loops correctly computes the given sum:

for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {

sum += 1/(i*i);

}

for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {

sum += 1/(i*i);

}

for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {

sum += 1.0/(i*i);

}

The correct for loop to compute the given sum is:

for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {

sum += 1.0/(i*i);

}

This loop correctly iterates from i=1 to i=n and uses the double data type to ensure that the division operation results in a decimal approximation.

MySql. Oracle Corporation created, distributed, and provided support for MySQL, the most well-known Open Source SQL database management system.

It might be anything, such as a straightforward grocery list, a photo gallery, or the enormous amount of data in a business network. A database management system, such as MySQL Server, is required to add, access, and process data contained in a computer database.

The three primary data types in MySQL are textual, numeric, and date/time. The relational database management system MySQL is built on SQL (Structured Query Language) language.

Data warehousing, e-commerce, and logging applications are just a few of the many uses for the application. MySQL, however, is most frequently utilized as an online database.

To know more about MySQL:

brainly.com/question/20626226

#SPJ4

The main similarity between hardening Fedora and Ubuntu is that both involve improving system security, while the primary difference lies in the specific tools and configurations used in each distribution.

Hardening Fedora and Ubuntu, both Linux distributions, aims to enhance system security by minimizing potential attack vectors and vulnerabilities. Despite having this shared objective, the processes involved in hardening each distribution may vary. Fedora is based on the Red Hat family and utilizes Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) for access control policies. In contrast, Ubuntu, based on the Debian family, relies on AppArmor for its mandatory access control (MAC) system.

To harden Fedora, one must configure SELinux, enable automatic updates, remove unnecessary services, and ensure strong passwords. Similarly, for Ubuntu, hardening involves configuring AppArmor, enabling unattended-upgrades, disabling unused services, and implementing password policies.

In summary, both Fedora and Ubuntu hardening processes share the common goal of improving system security, but they employ different tools and configurations specific to their respective distributions. Understanding each distribution's unique security features and leveraging them appropriately is crucial for effectively hardening the system.

Learn more about Ubuntu:

https://brainly.com/question/28477629

#SPJ11

The big-O complexity to determine whether a particular student is enrolled in a course in the given vector of pairs is O(n), where n represents the total number of pairs (courses) in the vector.

To determine whether a particular student "s" is enrolled in a course "c" in the vector of pairs, a linear search is required. The algorithm needs to iterate through each pair in the vector to check if the course matches the given course "c" and if the student "s" is present in that pair. This process has a time complexity of O(n), where n is the total number of pairs (courses) in the vector.
In the worst case scenario, if the student is not enrolled in any of the courses or if the given course is not present in the vector, the algorithm will need to iterate through all the pairs in the vector. However, if the desired course is found or if the student is enrolled in that course, the algorithm may terminate early. Nevertheless, the overall complexity for determining enrollment remains O(n) as it scales linearly with the number of pairs in the vector.

learn more about big-O-complexity here

https://brainly.com/question/31967645



#SPJ11

Answer:

yes it is

true

Explanation:

group of programs are software

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Her coffeemaker that she has set to turn on and make coffee every morning at the same time.

To scan and transmit package tracking information, carriers employ a hand-held Mobile Delivery Device (MDD). MDDs gather real-time delivery tracking and location data by utilising a cellular network and Global Positioning System (GPS) technology.

Using live images of a patient's interior organs, ultrasound imaging gives doctors a safe, non-invasive insight into how the body functions. In order to steer sound waves into the body and produce these images, skilled specialists use ultrasound wands and probes.

This safety technology assists in ensuring on-time deliveries, fuel efficiency, and a variety of hassles in addition to assisting truckers in avoiding delays or potential hazards.

Working from home or in the office, employees may be productive thanks to technology in an intelligent workplace.

To learn more about coffeemaker refer to:

https://brainly.com/question/5100322

#SPJ4

To configure a hyperlink from the index.html file to another file named services.html which is located in the same folder, you would use the following HTML code: "Link Text"

In this code, the "href" attribute specifies the destination of the hyperlink, which is the services.html file in the same folder. The "Link text" is the text that will be displayed as the hyperlink on the index.html page. When a user clicks on this text, they will be taken to the services.html page.

Here is a step-by-step explanation of how to configure this hyperlink:

By following these steps, you can configure a hyperlink from the index.html file to the services. html file in the same folder.

Learn more about hyperlink: https://brainly.com/question/29562978

#SPJ11

Answer: it’s A, social media

Explanation:

Social media are interactive digital channels that enable the production and exchange of information. The correct option is 1.

Social media are interactive digital channels that enable the production and exchange of information, ideas, hobbies, and other kinds of expression via virtual communities and networks.

Social media includes the technologies used to support virtual communities and the sharing of content.

Hence, the correct option is 1.

Learn more about Social Media:

https://brainly.com/question/18958181

#SPJ2

The Minister of Telecommunications of the Republic of Symkaria is facing pressure to reduce the volume of unwanted messages received by Symkaria citizens resulting from data mining by social networking sites operating within the country. To address this issue, the Minister can employ the following strategies based on Lessigian theory: 1) Law - enact regulations to govern data usage and protect users' privacy, 2) Architecture/Design/Code - encourage or enforce technical measures that safeguard user data and limit data mining practices, 3) Social Norms - promote awareness campaigns and education to establish societal expectations around data privacy, and 4) Markets - incentivize responsible data practices through economic mechanisms.

To tackle the issue of unwanted messages resulting from data mining, the Minister can utilize the Lessigian framework, which focuses on four modalities of control: law, architecture/design/code, social norms, and markets.

1) Law: The Minister can introduce legislation and regulations that govern data usage, ensuring that social networking sites operating within Symkaria are legally bound to protect users' privacy and restrict the selling of user data to advertisers. By imposing legal consequences for non-compliance, the Minister can create a stronger framework for data protection.

2) Architecture/Design/Code: The Minister can encourage or enforce technical measures within the architecture, design, and code of social networking sites to prioritize user privacy. This can include implementing strong encryption protocols, providing users with granular control over their data, and limiting data mining practices. By incorporating privacy-enhancing technologies, the Minister can create technical barriers that safeguard user data.

3) Social Norms: The Minister can launch awareness campaigns and educational initiatives to inform Symkaria citizens about the importance of data privacy and the risks associated with extensive data mining. By fostering a culture of privacy and raising public awareness, the Minister can shape social norms that value and respect users' data rights, leading to increased public demand for privacy-focused platforms.

4) Markets: The Minister can influence the market dynamics by incentivizing responsible data practices. This can be achieved through various economic mechanisms such as tax incentives, subsidies, or preferential treatment for social networking sites that prioritize user privacy and limit data mining activities. By creating economic advantages for platforms that align with Symkaria's data protection goals, the Minister can encourage market forces to drive the adoption of privacy-friendly practices.

By employing a multi-faceted approach that combines legal regulations, technical measures, social awareness, and economic incentives, the Minister can address the issue of unwanted messages resulting from data mining by social networking sites. This comprehensive strategy leverages the different modalities of control to create a robust framework for data protection and privacy within Symkaria.

Learn more about mining here:

https://brainly.com/question/30199407

#SPJ11

The LMC program takes an input number (n) from the user, stores the number 113 in memory, and then outputs the number 113 n times.

The LMC program can be written as follows:

sql

Copy code

INP

STA 113

INP

LDA 113

OUT

SUB ONE

BRP LOOP

HLT

ONE DAT 1

Explanation:

A) The "INP" instruction is used to take input from the user and store it in the accumulator.

B) The "STA" instruction is used to store the number 113 in memory location 113.

C) The "INP" instruction is used to take input from the user again.

D) The "LDA" instruction loads the value from memory location 113 into the accumulator.

E) The "OUT" instruction outputs the value in the accumulator.

F) The "SUB" instruction subtracts 1 from the value in the accumulator.

G) The "BRP" instruction branches back to the "LOOP" label if the result of the subtraction is positive or zero.

H) The "HLT" instruction halts the program.

I) The "ONE" instruction defines a data value of 1.

The LMC program takes an input number (n) from the user, stores the number 113 in memory, and then outputs the number 113 n times.

To know more about LMC program visit :

https://brainly.com/question/14532071

#SPJ11

Answer:hard

Explanation:

A wireless network key work with an encrypted wireless network, providing security and access control.

When a device attempts to connect to an encrypted network, it needs to provide the correct network key to gain access. This key ensures that only authorized users can connect to the network and helps protect the transmitted data from being intercepted or tampered with by unauthorized parties. The wireless network key works in conjunction with encryption algorithms, such as Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), or WPA2.

These algorithms use the network key to generate unique encryption keys for each data packet transmitted over the network. This process, known as key management, ensures that even if an attacker manages to intercept the data packets, they won't be able to decrypt the information without the correct network key. When a device connects to an encrypted network, a process called authentication occurs. The device provides the network key to the access point, which then verifies its validity.

In summary, a wireless network key is an essential component of an encrypted wireless network, providing both access control and data security. It ensures that only authorized users can connect to the network and that the transmitted data remains protected from unauthorized parties. The network key works in conjunction with encryption algorithms to encrypt and decrypt data packets, maintaining a secure communication channel between connected devices.

know more about wireless networks here:

https://brainly.com/question/31472325

#SPJ11

Answer:

leftisBlocked()

Explanation:

Answer: leftIsBlocked()

Hope it helps <3

Answer:

SWI

Explanation:

SWI (Standardized Work Instructions) are instructions designed to ensure that your manufacturing processes are consistent, timely and repeatable

Answer:

A tutorial is a teaching session given to one student or a small group of students. If you are stuck in a class, you could use a tutorial. Teachers lead classes, but tutors are educators who also help students, usually one-on-one.

In CPT part 2, students are expected to create and devlop questions for every unit they completed mind maps for. The students should ensure that they create two questions for each unit, and each question should be detailed. By doing so, they will demonstrate their mastery of the unit.

Students will also be required to create detailed solutions for the questions, and by the end of part 2, they will have created four questions and four detailed solutions. This part of the CPT is essential as it enables the students to assess their understanding of the unit they have studied.

It also allows them to demonstrate their creativity and analytical skills by creating challenging questions and solutions that apply their knowledge. This will also help the students to prepare for their exams since they will have covered the crucial topics from every unit they studied. Therefore, students must take this part of the CPT seriously and ensure that they create challenging questions and detailed solutions to achieve their desired grade.

To know more about CPT visit:

https://brainly.com/question/18596722

#SPJ11

Answer:

Here's a possible solution for a bash shell script that prompts the user to enter five test scores and calculates their average, as well as the letter grade for each score based on the determine Grade function:

bashCopy code#!/bin/bash # define determineGrade function determineGrade () { score=$1 if (( score >= 90 && score <= 100 )); then grade="A" elif (( score >= 80 && score <= 89 )); thengrade="B" elif (( score >= 70 && score <= 79 )); then grade="C" elif (( score >= 60 && score <= 69 )); then grade="D" else grade="F" fi echo $grade } # prompt user to enter five test scores read -p "Enter score 1: " score1 read -p "Enter score 2: " score2 read -p "Enter score 3: " score3 read -p "Enter score 4: " score4 read -p "Enter score 5: "score5 # calculate average score average=$(echo "scale=2; ($score1 + $score2 + $score3 + $score4 + $score5) / 5" | bc) # display letter grade and average for each score echo"Score 1: $score1 $(determineGrade $score1)" echo "Score 2: $score2 $(determineGrade $score2)" echo "Score 3: $score3 $(determineGrade $score3)" echo "Score 4: $score4$(determineGrade $score4)" echo "Score 5: $score5 $(determineGrade $score5)" echo"Average score: $average"

In this script, the determineGrade function takes a score as its argument and returns a letter grade based on the grading scale defined in the prompt. The main part of the script prompts the user to enter five test scores, calculates their average using the bc command, and calls the determine Grade function for each score to display the letter grade and average for each score.

B. The user accesses the database through web or application servers.

In a multi-tier infrastructure, the user accesses the database through an application server or web server that acts as an intermediary between the user and the database. The application server provides access to the database by processing requests from clients and returning data from the database.

By using this approach, the application server can handle many users concurrently, improving performance and scalability. The application server can also implement security measures such as authentication and authorization to control access to the database.

Learn more about database here:

https://brainly.com/question/30163202

#SPJ11

Modify the above program to let the Red and Blue led blink at the same time, using an Keil uVision5 IDE.

Modifying the previous program to enable the Red and Blue LED to flash simultaneously in C using Keil header file register definitions involves the following steps:Replace the header files with the ones that support the Red and Blue LED. The header files below work for the Red and Blue LED. #include  #include  Add a few lines of code to turn the red and blue LEDs on and off.

{ PTB->PDOR &= ~(0x10000U); //turn ON Red LED PTB->PDOR &= ~(0x20000U); //turn ON Blue LED delayMs(500); PTB->PDOR |= (0x10000U); //turn OFF Red LED PTB->PDOR |= (0x20000U); //turn OFF Blue LED delayMs(500); }

To know more about led blink visit:

https://brainly.com/question/33463931

#SPJ11

Answer:

d. Emperor penguin family or b. Penguin colony

Answer: She must create new folders to group related files within them.

Explanation:

Answer:

print("What year of high school are you in?")

grade = input()

grade = grade.lower()

if grade == "freshman":

   print("You are in grade: 9")

elif grade == "sophomore":

   print("You are in grade: 10")

elif grade == "junior":

   print("You are in grade: 11")

elif grade == "senior":

   print("You are in grade: 12")

else:

   print("Not in high school")

Explanation:

The first line prints the question. "grade = input()" stores the answer the user will type in the terminal into the variable 'grade'.

grade.lower():

The third line lowercases the entire string ("FreshMan" would turn to "freshman"). Python is case-sensitive.

Then, test the string to see if it matches freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior. If the input string matches print the statement inside the if block. The last statement is the else. It prints if nothing else matches.

20 characters yes no

Answer:

Explanation:

yes

but dont forget to call makeBasePlateGreen

maybe you would call it at the end of the program?

by the way you have a typo at the end

make the O lowercase

myBlasePlate.BrickColor = BrickColor.Green()

and then add this to the end

makeBasePlateGreen()

so you call the function and actually use it.

Nested elements are elements that are placed within another element.

When an element is nested within another, all lines of the nested element will inherit the properties of the parent element.

Take for instance, the following HTML code

<p align = "center"> I am a <b>boy</b> </p>

In the above HTML code,

The bold element (i.e. <b>) is nested in the paragraph element (i.e. <p>)

The paragraph element is aligned center.

This means that, all elements in the paragraph element (including the bold element) will be centralized.

Hence, all lines of a nested element will inherit the properties of the parent element.

Read more about nested elements at:

https://brainly.com/question/22914599

Answer:

A Mainframe computer, informally called an mainframe or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications, bulk data processing such as the census and industry and consumer statistics.

Answer:

Option A - They are responsible for writing programming

Option B - They are usually strong problem-solvers

Explanation:

A software engineer needs to be a strong problem solver and he/she must be able to write program/code. He/She is not required to conduct experiments in labs and also it is not essential for them to hold masters degree as even the non computer science or IT background people are working as software engineer.

Hence, both option A and B are correct

Answer:

A & B

Explanation:

Answer: The input tag is used within form element to declare input controls that allow users to input data. An input field can be of various types depending upon the attribute type. The Input tag is an empty element which only contains attributes.

Explanation:

The HTML <input> tag is used within a form to declare an input element − a control that allows the user to input data. Three ATTRIBUTES are :

form

list

readonly

Explanation:

An input field can vary in many ways, depending on the type attribute.

<input> elements are used within a <form> element to declare input controls that allow users to input data

The <input> tag specifies an input field where the user can enter data. <input> elements are used within a <form> element to declare input controls that allow users to input data.

The 3 attributes are :

<input form=""> :  The value of this attribute must be the id attribute of a <form> element in the same document.

<input list="datalist_id"> : Specifies the id of the datalist to bind the <input> element to a specific list.

<input readonly> : The readonly attribute is a boolean attribute.  When present, it specifies that an input field is read-only.  The readonly attribute can be set to keep a user from changing the value until some other conditions have been met