Answers
Glycolysis takes place in Cytoplasm were Reactant(inputs) is Glucose and product is pyruvate linear metabolic pathway of enzyme-catalyzed reactions helps to convert glucose into two molecules of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen . Glycolysis is the first step in the cellular respiration .
Krebs cycle takes place in Mitochondrial matrix were Reactant(inputs) is Acetyl coA and product is NADH, FADH2, oxaloacetate Krebs cycle converts the chemical energy of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) into the reducing power of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Krebs cycle takes third place in cellular respiration .
Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in Mitochondrial membrane or cristae were reactant(input ) is NADH and product is ATP. Oxidative phosphorylation is generation of most ATP molecules . This process takes second place in cellular respiration .
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Related Questions
4. Give examples of pesticides that have caused food-associated poisoning. To what extent can these poisonings be prevented?
9. Name three acts and/or amendments that regulate food safety in the United States. Describe their purposes and the types of foods and com- ponents of foods to which they apply.
11. Discuss the risk factors for foodborne illness. Describe practical methods for the prevention of foodborne illness and indicate how you apply them in your own home or business.
12. What are the procedures that a local health department might use for investigating an outbreak of foodborne illness? (Refer to Exhibit 11.2). What factors could have been responsible for the S. aureus outbreak described in the exhibit?
Answers
Pesticides such as organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids have caused food-associated poisoning.
Pesticides like organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids have been linked to food-associated poisoning when used improperly or in excessive amounts. To prevent such poisonings, it is essential to follow recommended application rates, use protective gear during application, store pesticides safely, and adhere to guidelines provided by regulatory authorities.
The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) aims to prevent foodborne illnesses by shifting the focus from responding to contamination incidents to preventing them. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) sets safety standards for all domestic and imported foods, ensuring they are safe, wholesome, and properly labeled. The Bioterrorism Act requires food facilities to register with the FDA and implement safety measures to protect the food supply from intentional contamination.
Foodborne illnesses can result from factors such as poor hygiene, improper cooking temperatures, cross-contamination between raw and cooked foods, and consumption of contaminated items. Practical methods for prevention include frequent handwashing, using separate cutting boards for raw and cooked foods, cooking meats to recommended temperatures, and storing perishable foods in the refrigerator.
During an outbreak investigation, a local health department may conduct interviews with affected individuals to identify potential sources of contamination. They will collect samples for laboratory analysis to confirm the presence of pathogens. In the S. aureus outbreak described in the exhibit, factors like improper food handling, inadequate refrigeration, or contaminated food ingredients may have contributed to bacterial growth and subsequent illness among consumers.
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I NEED HELP QUICK
During ___, the base pair sequence if DNA is read by RNA polymerase to make mRNA
a. translocation
b. transference
c. transcription
d. translation
Answers
But I believe it is translation (d)
Hope this helped :)
Answer:
c. transcription.
Explanation:
Transcription uses the sequence of bases in a strand of DNA to make a complementrary strand of mrna. Basically DNA is used as a template to make an RNA.
Describe how scientists use comparative anatomy when building cladograms.
Answers
Scientists use comparative anatomy when building cladograms to analyze the morphological similarities and differences among organisms, which helps to determine their evolutionary relationships.
Comparative anatomy involves comparing the physical structures of different organisms to identify shared characteristics and potential evolutionary connections. In the context of cladistics, scientists examine these anatomical features and categorize them as homologous (derived from a common ancestor) or analogous (similar in function, but not related through common ancestry). By organizing the data in this way, scientists can create a visual representation of the evolutionary history, known as a cladogram. The cladogram displays the organisms in branching patterns that represent their evolutionary relationships based on shared derived characteristics.
Comparative anatomy is an essential tool for scientists when building cladograms, as it allows them to analyze morphological similarities and differences among organisms, ultimately revealing evolutionary relationships and patterns of common ancestry.
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Which of the following statements describes purines and pyrimidines in DNA molecules?
a. purines from hydrogen bonds with purines
b. pyrimidines consist of a one-ring structure
c. pyrimidines form hydrogen bonds with purines.
d. pyrimidines form covalent bonds with purines.
e. Adenine and guanine are pyrimidines
Answers
The statement that describes purines and pyrimidines in DNA molecules is that c. pyrimidines form hydrogen bonds with purines.
In DNA, hydrogen bonds are present among the 2 bases. The pyrimidines bond with the purines due to the complementary base pairing. The purines have a double-ringed shape and encompass adenine and guanine. Pyrimidines shape hydrogen bonds with pyrimidines_ Purines shape covalent bonds with pyrimidines. Purines constantly bond with pyrimidines with the aid of using forming hydrogen bonds. The bases, adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines at the same time as cytosine (C), thymine (T) and uracil (U) are pyrimidines.
Thus, option c is the correct choice.
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How can a cup of water decrease in temperature? please answer my question in a scientific method, the questions will be below.
Step 1: Observation
Step 2: Research:
Step 3: Hypothesis:
Step 4: Experiment – explain the experiment that you would perform
Step 4a- The control variable
Step 4b- The dependent variable
Step 4c- The independent variable
Step 5- What do you predict the conclusion to be?
Answers
The first step for this experiment is observation where it is found that a cup of water decreases in temperature. The rest of the steps are described in the explanation part.
What is a Scientific method?A scientific method may be characterized as the process of objectively establishing facts through testing and experimentation. The basic process involves making an observation, forming a hypothesis, making a prediction, conducting an experiment, and finally analyzing the results.
The second step is research in which a cup of water is placed at different temperatures where it can easily change its state from liquid to solid. The hypothesis governs that the amount of water in a cup may lower or decreases when it is exposed to several temperatures.
The experiment is performed on the basis of certain evidence and assumptions in order to predict some conclusion. The control variable is the influence of temperature. The dependent variable is the amount of water and the independent variable is the exposure to temperature.
Therefore, it is concluded that a cup of water decreases in temperature.
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13. Which statement is true about the process of mitosis? *
A. The process occurs only in plants.
B. The process occurs only in animals.
C. The process occurs in every type of organism.
D. The process occurs only in multicellular organisms.
Answers
The statement 'the process occurs only in multicellular organisms' is TRUE about the process of mitosis (Option D).
Mitosis is a cell division by which a cell produces two genetically identical daughter cells.Conversely, meiosis produces four cells having half the genetic material.Mitosis produces somatic (body) cells in multicellular organisms, whereas meiosis produces germinal cells.In conclusion, the statement 'the process occurs only in multicellular organisms' is TRUE about the process of mitosis (Option D).
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In Yeast Metabolism (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) a CO
2
gas that evolved during the fermentation of glucose has a volume of 4.00 L at 20
∘
C and 1 atm. What is the volume of the gas at the fermentation temperature of 36
∘
C ? (round up your answer to 2 decimal places) Below the critical temperature attractive forces are responsible for equilibrium between liquid and vapor. condensation of the gas. liquefaction of gases All of the above.
Answers
The volume of CO2 gas at fermentation temperature can be determined using the Ideal Gas Law equation. For this question, the volume of CO2 gas is 4.22 L (rounded to two decimal places) at a fermentation temperature of 36°C.
The Ideal Gas Law or the perfect gas law explains the behavior of gases under given conditions. The Ideal Gas Law is defined as the product of the pressure, volume, and absolute temperature of a gas, which is equal to the number of moles of the gas times the universal gas constant.
The equation for the Ideal Gas Law is PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin. It's also called the perfect gas law because it only applies to ideal gases. However, real gases deviate from the ideal behavior, especially under high pressure and low temperature. As a result, in real-life circumstances, slight changes may occur. In such situations, scientists and engineers turn to gas equations that account for non-ideal behaviors.
Yeast metabolism is a significant part of brewing and wine-making processes. During the metabolism of yeast, CO2 gas is released as a byproduct. To determine the volume of CO2 gas at fermentation temperatures, the Ideal Gas Law can be used. The given parameters are P1 = 1 atm, V1 = 4.00 L, T1 = 20°C, and T2 = 36°C. The question seeks the volume of CO2 gas at fermentation temperature, V2.
To solve for V2, we need to use the following formula for the Ideal Gas Law:
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2We know that P1 = P2 = 1 atm, and V1 = 4.00 L.
The temperature, T1, has to be converted to Kelvin as T1 = 20°C + 273.15 = 293.15 K.
T2 also has to be converted to Kelvin as T2 = 36°C + 273.15 = 309.15 K.
We can now substitute these values into the formula and solve for V2:
V2 = (P1V1T2)/(T1P2) = (1 atm x 4.00 L x 309.15 K) / (293.15 K x 1 atm) = 4.22 L (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, at a fermentation temperature of 36°C, the volume of CO2 gas evolved from the fermentation of glucose is 4.22 L (rounded to two decimal places).
The volume of CO2 gas at fermentation temperature can be determined using the Ideal Gas Law equation. For this question, the volume of CO2 gas is 4.22 L (rounded to two decimal places) at a fermentation temperature of 36°C.
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in the same biological population, if hab=fafb d why do we add d to the expected coupling haplotype
Answers
We add d to the expected coupling haplotype because it is a measure of linkage disequilibrium.
Linkage disequilibrium is a statistical association between two alleles at different loci. In this case, the two loci are the A locus and the B locus.
The coefficient of linkage disequilibrium, d, is calculated as follows:
d = hab - fafb
where hab is the observed frequency of the AB haplotype, fafb is the expected frequency of the AB haplotype if the loci were independent.
If the loci are independent, then the expected frequency of the AB haplotype is simply the product of the frequencies of the A and B alleles.
However, if the loci are linked, then the expected frequency of the AB haplotype will be lower than the product of the frequencies of the A and B alleles. This is because the two alleles are more likely to be inherited together if they are linked.
The coefficient of linkage disequilibrium, d, can be used to measure the strength of linkage disequilibrium between two loci. A value of d close to 0 indicates that there is no linkage disequilibrium between the loci, while a value of d close to 1 indicates that there is strong linkage disequilibrium between the loci.
In the case where hab=fafb, the loci are not independent and there is linkage disequilibrium between them. This is because the expected frequency of the AB haplotype is less than the product of the frequencies of the A and B alleles.
Therefore, we add d to the expected coupling haplotype to account for the linkage disequilibrium between the loci.
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please help me please will give brainliest
Answers
Answer:
9. C
10. D
11. B (Im not sure about this one but I think its right)
12. Cant see 12
13. C
14. D
Explanation:
with the help of some data and calculations, explain why nitrous oxide gas is considered a greenhouse gas
Answers
Nitrous oxide gas (N2O) is considered a greenhouse gas. Additionally, nitrous oxide has a significantly higher Global Warming Potential (GWP) compared to carbon dioxide.
Molecular Structure: Nitrous oxide consists of two nitrogen (N) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom. It has a linear molecular structure and a total of 14 valence electrons.
Infrared Absorption: Nitrous oxide molecules have vibrational modes that can absorb and emit infrared radiation. This absorption of infrared radiation allows N2O to trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect.
Global Warming Potential (GWP): The Global Warming Potential is a measure of how much heat a greenhouse gas can trap in the atmosphere compared to carbon dioxide (CO2), which has a GWP of 1. Nitrous oxide has a much higher GWP, estimated to be around 265-298 times that of CO2 over a 100-year period.
Atmospheric Concentration: Nitrous oxide is present naturally in the atmosphere at a concentration of around 0.3 parts per billion (ppb), but human activities, such as agricultural practices and industrial processes, have increased its concentration to about 331 ppb as of 2021.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is considered a greenhouse gas due to its ability to absorb and emit infrared radiation, leading to the trapping of heat in the atmosphere. Its molecular structure and vibrational modes allow it to contribute to the greenhouse effect.
Additionally, nitrous oxide has a significantly higher Global Warming Potential (GWP) compared to carbon dioxide. Human activities have increased its atmospheric concentration, further exacerbating its greenhouse effect. As a result, nitrous oxide is recognized as a potent greenhouse gas and a contributor to climate change.
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Goal
Investigate the optimal amount of foliage for the red, short furred slinquettes' population.
My Hypothesis
If I change the foliage so it increases, then the final number of slinquettes with red, short fur will increase.
My Analysis
Now that you have collected and analyzed your data, you will write an argument that explains how your experiment answers your question. There are three parts: claim, evidence, and reasoning.
hide data
My Evidence
Trial # Fur Color Mutation Fur Length Mutation Foliage Temperature Final Number of Slinquettes Red, Long Fur Final Number of Slinquettes Red, Short Fur Final Number of Slinquettes Green, Long Fur Final Number of Slinquettes Green, Short Fur
1
lots mild
not present
0
endangered
1
not present
0
not present
0
3
lots mild
not present
0
endangered
1
not present
0
not present
0
4
lots mild
not present
0
endangered
1
not present
0
not present
0
5
lots mild
not present
0
endangered
1
not present
0
not present
0
6
some mild
not present
0
surviving
6
not present
0
not present
0
7
lots mild
not present
0
endangered
1
not present
0
not present
0
8
some mild
not present
0
surviving
6
not present
0
not present
0
Claim
Write a sentence that states what you found out about the scientific question you just investigated. Provide enough detail so that a friend who did not do the experiment could learn from your description.
Evidence
Provide and describe scientific evidence from your data table that supports your written claim. Remember to provide enough detail so that a friend who did not do the experiment could learn from your description.
Reasoning
Explain why your evidence (what you wrote in Box 2) supports your claim (what you wrote in Box 1). Also, explain the scientific principles behind your reasoning. Remember to provide enough detail so that a friend who did not do the experiment could learn from your description
Answers
Answer:
Claim: Increasing the amount of foliage does not lead to an increase in the final number of slinquettes with red, short fur.
Evidence: The data table shows the results of eight trials where the amount of foliage was manipulated. In all trials, regardless of the amount of foliage (whether "lots" or "some"), the final number of slinquettes with red, short fur remained at 0. There were no instances where increasing the foliage resulted in an increase in the population of slinquettes with red, short fur.
Reasoning: The evidence from the data table supports the claim that increasing the amount of foliage does not lead to an increase in the final number of slinquettes with red, short fur. This suggests that the presence or absence of foliage does not have a significant impact on the population of slinquettes with red, short fur.
Based on the provided data, it is reasonable to infer that factors other than foliage, such as temperature, fur color mutation, and fur length mutation, may have a stronger influence on the population dynamics of slinquettes. These factors could be responsible for the observed patterns in the data.
It's important to note that the reasoning provided here is based solely on the given data and analysis. In a real scientific investigation, additional factors, experimental controls, and statistical analysis would be required to draw definitive conclusions.
In what ways do viruses differ from other pathogens?.
Answers
Viruses differ from other pathogens because they are considered non-living.
What are viruses?Viruses are organisms that are incapable of reproducing on their own without a living host.
Viruses cannot undergo any of the characteristics of life outside a living host.
They, therefore, infect their host and use the mechanisms of the host to replicate themselves.
Therefore, viruses differ from other pathogens because they are considered non-living.
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Hominins are a monophyletic group defined by which shared, derived character(s)?
Answers
Hominins are a monophyletic group defined by several shared, derived characters. These include bipedalism (walking on two legs), reduction in the size of canine teeth, and an increase in brain size and complexity. Additionally, hominins have a more vertical orientation of the foramen magnum (the hole in the skull where the spinal cord enters), indicating the shift to walking upright.
These characteristics distinguish hominins from other primates and are used to classify them as a distinct evolutionary group.
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the two cell organelles that have similar function to the respitory and the alveoli
Answers
Mitochondria
...
................
.........
Give one
notation
example
example of scientific
show mantissa,
and
coefficient, base, positive exponent
and negative exponent.
Answers
Notation: Scientific notation
Example: 1.23 x 10²
The mantissa here is 1.23, the coefficient is also 1.23, the base is 10, and the positive exponent is 2.
What is described as mantissa?The mantissa is described as a fraction of a common logarithm, often known as the logarithm, with a base of 10, and it is used to indicate the digits of the provided number.
The base from our example is a representation of the number system used, which is 10 in this case.
In conclusion, the exponent indicates how many times the base is multiplied by itself whether positively or negatively.
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Pick three correct statements about enzymes.
pls help.
Answers
HELP Creat a food chain. Choose the biotic factors from the list and move them onto the hotspots marked with circles! Biotic factors: minnows, trout, herons, mosquito larvae, algae
Answers
Answer:
Decaying Leaves, Worms, Frogs,Trout, Herons
Explanation:
I got it right on edg
The food chain are as follows:
Algae(producer) --> Mosquito larvae --> Minnows --> trout --> herons
What is Food chain?A food chain is defined as a linear network of links in a food web that begins with producer organisms and ends at an apex predator species, detritivores or decomposer species that shows how organisms are related to each other that is related to food. Each level of the food chain represents a different trophic level.
At the basic level there are plants that produce energy which passes up to higher level organisms like herbivores, then carnivores eat the herbivores, energy transfers from one to the other. Only 10% energy is transferred from one trophic level to another. In the above example, Algae is producer, larva is herbivore, after which there are carnivores.
Thus, the food chain are as follows:
Algae(producer) --> Mosquito larvae --> Minnows --> trout --> herons
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How many kingdoms are represented by the organisms shown
Answers
Plantae
And animalia
Hope that helped :D
What is the basic energy source of all cells?
Answers
The basic energy source is Adenosine triphosphate that are formed in mitochondria.
What is mitochondria?Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles that produce the majority of the chemical energy energy to operate the cell's biochemical reactions (mitochondrion, singular).
Adenosine triphosphate, abbreviated ATP, is a chemical compound that cells use to store and deliver energy. All types of cells use ATP as their primary energy source.
Thus, the basic source of cell's energy is ATP.
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Which sequence correctly shows the name for the missing taxa starting with a and ending with E
Answers
Answer:
?
A. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
B. Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Genus, Family, Class, Species
C. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Family, Order, Genus, Species
D. Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Family, Class, Genus, Species
D. Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Family, Class, Genus, Species
WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
What is the order of development for a chicken?
Using an embryo, zygote, fetus and the chicks?
Answers
Answer:
Fertilization of the chick egg occurs in the oviduct, before the albumen and the shell are secreted upon it. The egg is telolecithal (like that of the fish), with a small disc of cytoplasm sitting atop a large yolk. Like fish eggs, the yolky eggs of birds undergo discoidal meroblastic cleavage.
Explanation:
embryo , foetus zygote chicks
pls make me brainliest
Answer: zygote embryo fetus chicks i believe
Explanation:
big brain
Identify the steps of the lysogenict
Answers
Answer:
cycle:
1. Attachment: A bacteriophage attaches to the surface of a bacterial cell.
2. Entry: The viral DNA is injected into the bacterium and integrates into the host chromosome.
3. Prophage: The integrated viral DNA is known as a prophage and is replicated along with the bacterial chromosome.
4. Replication: The prophage replicates along with the bacterial DNA during cell division.
5. Induction: A trigger, such as stress or UV radiation, causes the prophage to leave the bacterial chromosome and enter the lytic cycle.
6. Lytic cycle: The viral DNA begins replicating and producing new phages, which lyse the host cell and release new viruses.
7. Release: The newly produced phages are released into the environment to find other bacterial cells to infect.
Note: The lysogenic cycle can sometimes be followed by the lytic cycle, in which the virus uses the host cell to produce new viruses, ultimately leading to lysis of the host cell.
What elements are involved in the Aerobic Respiration
Answers
Answer: Products of respiration:
Glucose and oxygen
Carbon dioxide and water (and ATP)
When the nerve cell is said to be resting this is interepreted to mean: O The cell is depolarized, the outisde is negative and the inside is positive O The cell is depolarized, the outisde is positive and the inside is negative. O The cell is polarized, the outisde is positive and the inside is negative O The cell is polarized, the outisde is negative and the inside is positive.
Answers
When the nerve cell is said to be resting, it means that the cell is polarized, the outside is positive and the inside is negative.
What is a nerve cell? A nerve cell, also known as a neuron, is an electrically excitable cell in the nervous system that communicates with other cells through specialized connections called synapses. A nerve cell is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system in charge of carrying electrical impulses throughout the body.
What is polarization?Polarization is a term used to describe the separation of electrical charges across a cell membrane. A resting nerve cell is polarized, indicating that the electrical charge of the cell's interior is negative in comparison to the charge of the cell's exterior. The inside of the cell is negative in comparison to the outside, so the resting potential is negative. During resting, the membrane potential of a nerve cell ranges from -60 to -70 mV.
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What is needed for your immune system to create an appropriate antibody to protect against a particular disease?
Answers
Answer:
the immune system needs B cells and memory B cells form into memory cells so that remember the same pathogen and the antibody used to take it down for faster antibody production in future infections when most of the same antigens infect the body again.
Explanation:
When the body senses foreign substances like antigens, the immune system works to recognize the antigens and get rid of them. B Cells that have a certain antibody codes/proteins for the specific antigen are triggered or activated by T cells to make the specific antibodies, or immunoglobulins, to use against the antigens, by locking onto the antigen and putting the antibodies into the antigen directly.
Which of these organelles is responsible for protein synthesis?
Answers
Answer:
I would have to say either ribosomes or mitochondria.
Answer:
the ribosomes :)
Explanation:
Many forms of genetic alterations by radiation are
preventable.
helpful.
used often to help life exist.
desirable
Answers
Many forms of genetic alterations by radiation are used often to help life exist. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.
What is Genetic alteration?A genetic alteration may be defined as a process through which any change in the DNA sequence can alter the genetic code and therefore may alter the synthesis of the protein that it encodes.
Genetic alterations by radiation are beneficial for the survival of living organisms. This is because any type of lower-level radiation doesn't cause specifically "good" or "bad" mutations, it just causes changes that are necessarily required for the existence of living entities.
Therefore, many forms of genetic alterations by radiation are used often to help life exist. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.
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Which word best describes the energy of the boiling water
Answers
Answer:
Thermal energy
Explanation:
Which ion is a found in a glass of water
Answers
In a glass of water, the most common ion found is the hydroxide ion (OH-) and the hydrogen ion (H+).
These ions are formed when water molecules dissociate through a process called self-ionization or autoionization.
In a glass of water, several ions can be found, originating from the dissociation of water molecules. The main ions present are hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-), resulting from the self-ionization of water.
Water molecules can break apart spontaneously into equal concentrations of H+ and OH- ions through a process called autoionization. This occurs when a water molecule donates a proton (H+) to another water molecule, forming H3O+ (hydronium ion) and OH-.
Additionally, other ions might be present in a glass of water depending on its source. For example, tap water can contain various dissolved ions like calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-), and bicarbonate (HCO3-). These ions come from minerals and other substances present in the water source, such as groundwater or surface water.
It's worth noting that the specific ion composition of water can vary depending on factors like location, treatment processes, and water source. However, the fundamental ions present in water are H+ and OH- resulting from the autoionization of water molecules.
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Answer the following questions based on the article you just read.
Microscope
Name one disadvantage of light microscopes.
Answer:
Light microscopes can only magnify up to 2000 times the original size. It is difficult to enhance the contrast between cells and their surroundings to see cell structure and movement with a light microscope.
Answers
Answer:
Light microscopes can only magnify up to 2000 times the original size. It is difficult to enhance the contrast between cells and their surroundings to see cell structure and movement with a light microscope.
Explanation:
k12
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