Of the following gases, ______ will have the greatest rate of effusion at a given temperature. A) NH3. B) CH4. C) Ar. D) HBr. E) HCl.

Answer:

16.83°

Explanation:

The computation of temperature in degrees is shown below:

For this we need to applied the combination of the Clasius Clapyeron equation which is

\(ln(\frac{P_2}{P_1}) = \frac{-\Delta Hvap}{R} \times (\frac{1}{T_2}- \frac{1}{T_1})\)

Where

P_2 and P_1 represents the pressure of vapor at point 1 and 2

dH = Here we use J/mol

R = 8.314 J/mol K

T1 and T2 represent the temperature of Saturation temperature for point 1 and 2

Now

we have to change the negative signs

i.e

\(ln(\frac{P_2}{P_1}) = \frac{\Delta Hvap}{R} \times (\frac{1}{T_1}- \frac{1}{T_2})\)

As we know that

dHvap for water = 40.67 kJ/mol

T1 = 373 K,

T2 = x

P1 = 14.7 psi;

P2 = 11.2 + 14.7 = 25.9 psi

Now put the values to the above formula

So,

\(ln (\frac{25.9}{14.7}) = \frac{40670}{8.314} \times (\frac{1}{373}- \frac{1}{T_2})\\\\T_2 = - (ln (\frac{25.9}{14.7})\times \frac{8.314}{40670} - \frac{1}{373})^{-1}\)

After solving this

T_2 = 389.836K

T_2 = 389.836 - 273

T_2 = 116.836 °C

Therefore by 16.83°,  it becomes higher

Therefore, the volume of nitrous oxide decomposed is 10.0 mL, and the volume of nitrogen collected is also 10.0 mL.

The law of definite proportions, also known as the law of constant composition, states that a given chemical compound always contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass. This means that the ratio of the masses of the elements in a compound is always the same, regardless of the source of the compound or the method by which it was prepared. This law is one of the fundamental principles of chemistry and is important for understanding the composition and properties of chemical compounds.

Here,

To answer this question, the principle of the law of definite proportions is used. According to this law, in a chemical compound, the elements are always combined in a fixed proportion by mass.

Now, let's use this principle to solve the problem:

The chemical equation for the decomposition of nitrous oxide (N₂O) is:

N₂O → N₂ + O₂

According to the equation, 1 mole of N₂O will produce 1 mole of N₂ and 1 mole of O₂. Therefore, the ratio of volumes of N₂O to O₂ is 1:1.

Assuming the gases are measured under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, we can use the volume ratio to calculate the volume of nitrous oxide that decomposed.

If 10.0 mL of O₂ is formed, then the volume of N₂O decomposed is also 10.0 mL.

Similarly, since the volume ratio of N₂ to O₂ is also 1:1, the volume of nitrogen collected is also 10.0 mL.

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This statement is most similar to a scientific law. A scientific law is a statement that describes a pattern or relationship in nature that is always true under certain conditions, without exception.

The statement "Matter consists of tiny particles that can combine in specific ratios to form substances with specific properties" is a fundamental principle of chemistry and has been observed and tested repeatedly, leading to the development of the law of definite proportions and the law of multiple proportions. These laws describe the precise ratios in which elements combine to form compounds and the ratios in which different compounds can combine with each other. Therefore, this statement is a scientific law that has been established through rigorous scientific investigation and experimentation. Laws do not propose an explanation for phenomena, which is how they vary from scientific theory. Different laws can be expressed mathematically. Although social sciences sometimes have laws, scientific law is typically connected with natural science. nice illustration of a scientific law in the social sciences.

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A plant may go through a physiological response known as thermomorphogenesis in response to a heat stimulus. Option D.The plant grows tall. is correct.

This response may cause the plant to grow and develop in a variety of different ways, including enhanced stem elongation or modifications to the morphology of the leaves. As a result of enhanced stem elongation brought on by heat stress, plants can generally grow taller. This adaptation enables the plant to go away from the heat source and more easily absorb cooler air.

It is unusual for a plant to lose all of its leaves in response to a heat stimulation because this would mean a large loss of resources for the plant. Similar to how producing large fruit is not a usual reaction to heat stress, this is because the plant's energy resources might be diverted from reproduction to survival.

Heat stress may cause flowers to drop their petals, although this is not a universal reaction and would depend on the particular plant type and climatic factors.

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Answer:

Make Recycle Bins Easily Accessible

Ditch Single-Use Waste

Minimise Paper Waste

Designate a Drawer for Scrap Paper

Eco-Friendly Lunches

Answer:

19

Explanation:

The mass of an atom is given by its mass number. This is because the mass of an atom is concentrated at the nucleus.

Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons

Protons and neutrons are the most massive particles in any atom.

Protons are the positively charged particles in an atom

Neutrons are uncharged particles.

  So, the mass number of this atom is:

      Mass number  = 9 + 10 = 19

Answer:

the first geological time period of the Paleozoic Era

Explanation:

The cycle continues as long as ATP is available and the Ca2+ concentration in the sarcoplasm remains high enough to sustain it.

When a neuron fires an impulse that stimulates a muscle to contract, it triggers a series of events known as the muscle contraction cycle. Here are the steps in the muscle contraction cycle:

1. Acetylcholine (ACh) is released by the neuron at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and binds to receptors on the muscle fiber's sarcolemma.

2. The ACh-receptor binding causes the sarcolemma to become permeable to sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+), which depolarizes the sarcolemma.

3. The depolarization of the sarcolemma triggers the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) into the sarcoplasm.

4. The Ca2+ binds to the troponin on the actin filament, which causes the tropomyosin to move, exposing the myosin-binding sites on the actin filament.

5. The myosin heads on the thick filament bind to the exposed binding sites on the thin filament, forming a cross-bridge.

6. The cross-bridge causes the myosin heads to swivel, pulling the thin filament toward the center of the sarcomere, which shortens the sarcomere.

7. ATP binds to the myosin heads, causing them to detach from the thin filament.8. The hydrolysis of ATP by the myosin heads provides the energy for the next power stroke.

The cycle continues as long as ATP is available and the Ca2+ concentration in the sarcoplasm remains high enough to sustain it.

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Answer:

Oxytocin is a peptide of nine amino acids (a nonapeptide). 

Explanation:

Answer:Oxytocin is a peptide of nine amino acids (a nonapeptide). The sequence is cysteine - tyrosine - isoleucine - glutamine - asparagine - cysteine - proline - leucine - glycine (CYIQNCPLG).

Explanation:

Answer  usually expressed In the units of the last Qrder of the value of the ... one, two or three significant figures, we find the value of the root in the tn ... The numbers in the table can be regarded as the right-hand ... 1.63 5.1039 0.1959.

Explanation: I hope this helps <3

Answer:

A gas is most soluble in water under conditions of high pressure, and low temperature.

Answer:

The main difference is that during a physical change the formula doesn't change, essentially it is the same thing but in a different form.

Manganese (Mn) is a chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a transition metal that is essential for bone growth, among other things. The mass in grams of 3.22 x 10^20 Mn atoms, the number found in 1 kg of bone, is to be calculated.

The atomic mass of manganese is 54.94 g/mol, which means that 1 mol of manganese weighs 54.94 g. Since 1 kg equals 1000 g, the number of moles of manganese in 1 kg of bone is determined by dividing 1000 g by 54.94 g/mol.18.20 moles of manganese can be obtained by solving this equation as follows:1000 g ÷ 54.94 g/mol = 18.20 molIt is known that there are 6.02 x 10^23 atoms in 1 mole of any element.

Multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number to obtain the number of atoms:18.20 mol x 6.02 x 10^23 atoms/mol = 1.096 x 10^25 atomsIn the bone, there are 1.096 x 10^25 manganese atoms. Because we want to determine the mass of 3.22 x 10^20 Mn atoms.

we must first convert the number of atoms into moles.1.796 x 10^-6 moles can be obtained by dividing 3.22 x 10^20 atoms by Avogadro's number:3.22 x 10^20 atoms ÷ 6.02 x 10^23 atoms/mol = 1.796 x 10^-6 mol Finally, we must convert this number of moles to grams.

Multiply the number of moles by the atomic mass to obtain the number of grams: 1.796 x 10^-6 mol x 54.94 g/mol = 9.88 x 10^-5 gThe mass in grams of 3.22 x 10^20 Mn atoms, the number found in 1 kg of bone, is 9.88 x 10^-5 g.

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The activation energy of the reaction is approximately 71.46 kJ/mol, rounded to 2 decimal places.

To find the activation energy (Ea) of the reaction, we can use the Arrhenius equation, which relates the rate constant (k) to the temperature (T) and activation energy. The Arrhenius equation is given by:

k = A * e^(-Ea/RT)

Where:

k is the rate constant

A is the pre-exponential factor (frequency factor)

Ea is the activation energy

R is the gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K))

T is the temperature in Kelvin

We have two sets of data:

At 600 K, k1 = 3.4 m^(-1)s^(-1)

At 750 K, k2 = 31.0 m^(-1)s^(-1)

Taking the natural logarithm (ln) of both sides of the Arrhenius equation, we can rearrange the equation to solve for the activation energy:

ln(k) = ln(A) - (Ea/RT)

We can create two equations using the given data:

ln(k1) = ln(A) - (Ea/(R * 600))

ln(k2) = ln(A) - (Ea/(R * 750))

Subtracting the second equation from the first eliminates the ln(A) term:

ln(k1) - ln(k2) = (Ea/R) * ((1/600) - (1/750))

Simplifying further:

ln(k1/k2) = (Ea/R) * ((750 - 600) / (600 * 750))

Now we can solve for Ea:

Ea = (R * (ln(k1/k2))) / ((750 - 600) / (600 * 750))

Using the given values and the appropriate units:

Ea = (8.314 J/(mol·K) * ln(3.4/31.0)) / ((750 - 600) / (600 * 750))

Converting the units from J to kJ:

Ea = (8.314 × 10^(-3) kJ/(mol·K) * ln(3.4/31.0)) / ((750 - 600) / (600 * 750))

Ea ≈ 71.46 kJ/mol

Therefore, the activation energy of the reaction is approximately 71.46 kJ/mol, rounded to 2 decimal places.

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Answer:

The periodic table will say it underneath the symbol.

Explanation:

I don't know how else to describe it but I hope this helps. :)

Mass of water is 45.2 grams.

Overall chemical equation for reaction of combustion a propane (C₃H₈):

C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O.

m(C₃H₈) = 53.5 g; mass of the propane

m(O₂) = 15.0 g; mass of oxygen

m(CO₂) = 23.3 g; mass of carbon dioxide

m(H₂O) = ?; mass of water

Conservation of matter states that the mass of the reactants have to be equal to the mass of the products.

m(C₃H₈) + m(O₂) = m(CO₂) + m(H₂O)

53.5 g + 15.5 g = 23.3 g + m(H₂O)

m(H₂O) = 69.0 g - 23.3 g

m(H₂O) = 45.2 g; mass of water

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Answer

Explanation

In the oxidation number method of balancing chemical equations, you determine the oxidation numbers of all atoms. Then you multiply the atoms that have changed by small whole numbers. You are making the total loss of electrons equal to the total gain of electrons. Then you balance the rest of the atoms.

The given equation is:

Ag + H₂S + O₂ —> Ag₂S + H₂O

Step 1. Identify the atoms that change oxidation number.

Left hand side: Ag = 0, H = +1, S = -2, O = 0

Right hand side: Ag = +1, S = -2, H = +1, and O = -2

The changes in oxidation number are:

Ag: 0 → +1; Change = +1

O: 0 → -2; Change = -2

Step 2. Equalize the changes in oxidation number.

Each Ag atom has lost one electron, and each O atom has gained two electrons.

O: 0 → -2; Change = -2,

The elements shown have an atomic mass of 20 amu is Neon.

The atomic number of an atom is its total number of protons and neutrons.

Neon has an atomic mass of about 20 this isotope contains 10 protons and 10 neutrons.

Actually, Neon would be listed as having an atomic mass of about 20.18 because of a mixture of isotopes.

Z= Atomic number the number of protons in the nucleus which defines the element.

In this case,  Z=10 and this means neon but there are also 10 neurons in the nucleus of the major isotope which gives it 20Ne.

Hence, option D is the correct answer.

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Student 2 is using correct scientific reasoning to explain why the water only condensed on the upper half of the test tube. Condensation is the process by which a gas changes into a liquid. Hence option B is correct.

What is the  scientific reasoning about?

For the above to happen, the temperature of the gas must be cooled to a point where its molecules can no longer remain in a gaseous state and instead become a liquid. Therefore, In this case, the student is saying that the upper half of the test tube was cool enough to allow the water vapor to condense into a liquid. This is a valid explanation because it takes into account the principle of condensation and the role of temperature in this process.

In contrast, student 1 is not using scientific reasoning and student 3 is not mentioning the role of temperature in the process of condensation.

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The third law of thermodynamics describes the entropy of a: solid.

The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a pure crystalline substance approaches zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero (0 Kelvin or -273.15 degrees Celsius). This law implies that at absolute zero, a perfectly ordered and pure crystalline solid will have zero entropy.

The third law of thermodynamics is not specific to liquids or gases but applies to solids. In a solid, the molecules are highly ordered and have fixed positions in a regular lattice structure. As the temperature decreases towards absolute zero, the thermal motion of the molecules reduces, and the system becomes more ordered, resulting in a decrease in entropy.

In contrast, liquids and gases have higher entropy compared to solids at absolute zero because their molecules have more freedom of movement and are not as tightly arranged. Therefore, the third law of thermodynamics specifically addresses the entropy of solids and does not apply to liquids or gases.

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Answer: 7.1

Explanation:

Beryllium, the first element in group 2, has an atomic number of 4. The second element in this group has an atomic number of 12.

In the field of chemistry, atomic number can be described as the number of protons that is present in the nucleus of an atom.

The atomic number of Beryllium is 4 as it has 4 protons in its nucleus.

The second member of the group 2 elements in the periodic table is Magnesium. Magnesium has an atomic number of 12 because it has 12 protons in its nucleus.

The atomic number is represented by the letter Z usually. The atomic number is usually mentioned in a periodic table at the top-left.

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The equation that has been following the law of conservation has been \(\rm H_2\;+\;Cl_2\;\rightarrow\;2\;HCl\). Thus, option D is correct.

The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical equation, the atoms of reactants and atoms of products for each elements are equal.

In the given reactions,

A. \(\rm H_2\;+\;Cl_2\;\rightarrow\;HCl\)

The equation has 2 atoms of hydrogen and chlorine at reactant side, while 1 atom on product side. Thus, the equation does not follow the law of conservation.

B. \(\rm H_2\;+\;O_2\;\rightarrow\;H_2O\)

The equation has 2 atoms of hydrogen and oxygen at reactant side, while 1 atom on product side. Thus, the equation does not follow the law of conservation.

C. \(\rm H_2\;+\;O_2\;\rightarrow\;2\;H_2O\)

The equation has 2 atoms of hydrogen and oxygen at reactant side, while 2 atoms of oxygen and 4 atoms of hydrogen on product side. Since, the equation has imbalanced hydrogen it does not follow the law of conservation.

D. \(\rm H_2\;+\;Cl_2\;\rightarrow\;2\;HCl\)

The reaction has 2 atoms of hydrogen and chlorine at reactant side, and 2 atom of each on product side. Thus, the equation does follow the law of conservation.

The equation that has been following the law of conservation has been \(\rm H_2\;+\;Cl_2\;\rightarrow\;2\;HCl\). Thus, option D is correct.

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Answer:

B. Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not have either of these structures.

Explanation:

A major difference between a plant cell and an animal cell is presence of chloroplasts in plant cells. Another key difference between plant and animal cells is the presence of a cell wall in plant cells. Both structures are absent in an animal cells.

The cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane of plant cells. This helps to provide the required tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress.

Cell walls also help plants to maintain shape and rigidity.

The plant cell has a cell wall and chloroplast, while the animal cell lacks both of them. Thus, option B is correct.

The cell has been the smallest unit of life that has been performing varying functions with the help of different organelles.

The plant cell has been exposed to harsh environmental conditions, thus has been consisting of the cell wall along with the cell membrane. However, animal cell lacks a cell wall.

The food has been processed in the plant cells with the help of photosynthesis that required chlorophyll. The chlorophyll has been consisted in the chloroplast. Thus plants cell have consisted of chloroplast, however, animal cells lack chlorophyll as well as chloroplasts.

Thus, the plant cell has a cell wall and chloroplast, while the animal cell lacks both of them. Thus, option B is correct.

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Answer:

B) Methanoic Acid

Explanation:

Answer:

The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to an atom or molecule making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state. ...  

Explanation:

Therefore, spectroscopy can be used to identify elements in matter of unknown composition.

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

Energy of the photon;

E = hc/λ

h= Planks constant

c= speed of light

λ = wavelength

E= 6.6 × 10^-34 × 3 × 10^8/4 x10 -7

E = 4.95 × 10^-19 J

If 1ev=1.602x10-19 J

x = 4.95 × 10^-19 J

x= 3.1 ev

From Einstein's photoelectric equation;

KE = E - Wo

Where;

KE = kinetic energy of ejected photoelectron

E= energy of the photon

Wo= work function of the metal

KE = 3.1 eV - 2.13 eV

KE= 0.97 eV

KE = 0.97 eV × 1.602x10-19 J

KE = 1.55 × 10^-19 J

KE = 1/2 mv^2

1.55 × 10^-19= 1/2 × 9.1 × 10^-31 × v^2

v= √2 × 1.55 × 10^-19/9.1 × 10^-31

v= 5.8 × 10^5 m/s

Answer:

A chemical solution is defined as a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. There are two components of chemical solution that include solute and solvent.

Solute is the component that get dissolved in another substance and solvent is the substance that dissolve solute.

For example:  carbon dioxide in water. Where carbon-dioxide is solute and water is solvent.