Purfiication of LDH by Affinitiy Adsorption to BioSepra Bue Trisacryl MR (using column chromatography):
a. Why was ammonium sulfate precipitation used before the affinity column?
b. Blue dextran is not a substrate of LDH. What properties allow it to bind LDH specifically? What other molecules could be added to a column matrix to elicit similar binding?
c. What allows the salt to dislodge LDH from the column?
d. What are some other possible methods to elute LDH from the column?
Answers
Ammonium sulfate precipitation is commonly used before affinity chromatography to remove contaminants. Blue dextran is used as a non-specific binding control in affinity chromatography. The salt is used to dislodge LDH from the column. There are several possible methods to elute LDH like Changing pH, Gradient elution etc.
a. Ammonium sulfate precipitation is commonly used before affinity chromatography to remove contaminants and impurities from the sample. Ammonium sulfate is a salt that can selectively precipitate proteins based on their solubility. By adding ammonium sulfate to the solution containing LDH, it can cause proteins other than LDH to precipitate out, leaving behind a more purified LDH sample.
b. Blue dextran is used as a non-specific binding control in affinity chromatography. It is not a substrate for LDH, meaning LDH does not bind to it specifically. The binding of LDH to the affinity matrix (BioSepra Blue Trisacryl MR) is achieved through a specific interaction between LDH and ligands immobilized on the matrix. The specific binding properties of LDH to the affinity matrix are usually determined by the choice of ligands that have high affinity and specificity for LDH. These ligands can be antibodies, enzymes, or other molecules that have a high binding affinity for LDH.
To elicit similar binding, other molecules with high affinity and specificity for LDH could be added to the column matrix. For example, specific antibodies against LDH could be immobilized on the matrix to selectively bind LDH.
c. The salt is used to dislodge LDH from the column by disrupting the specific binding interaction between LDH and the ligands on the affinity matrix. The high salt concentration competes with LDH for binding to the ligands, effectively displacing LDH from the matrix. This allows LDH to be eluted from the column and collected in the elution fraction.
d. There are several possible methods to elute LDH from the column in addition to using high salt concentrations. Some common elution methods include:
- Changing pH: Adjusting the pH of the elution buffer to a value that disrupts the LDH-ligand interaction can facilitate LDH elution.
- Competitive elution: Introducing a competing ligand that has a higher affinity for the matrix-bound ligands than LDH can displace LDH and elute it from the column.
- Using chaotropic agents: Chaotropic agents, such as urea or guanidine hydrochloride, can disrupt the LDH-ligand interaction and facilitate LDH elution.
- Gradient elution: Gradually increasing the concentration of a specific eluent (e.g., a salt or organic solvent) in the elution buffer can gradually weaken the LDH-ligand interaction and elute LDH from the column.
The choice of elution method depends on the specific characteristics of the affinity system and the desired purity and activity of the eluted LDH.
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Related Questions
Use the drop-down menus to identify which
groundwater zones are labeled in the image.
Label A
Label B
Answers
Answer:
Label A: saturated zone
Label B: unsaturated zone
Explanation:
The Label A indicates the saturated zone whereas Label B indicates the unsaturated zone.
What are ground water zones?Groundwater is found in two zones. The first is unsaturated zone, present just below the land surface that contains water and air in the open pores, or the voids pores.
The second zone is saturated zone, a zone in which all the pores and rock fractures are filled with water, underlies the unsaturated zone. The top of the saturated zone is called the water table. The water table may found just below or may present hundreds feet below the land surface.
Thus, the label A and label B represents the unsaturated zone, and saturated zone of ground water respectively.
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The evolution of the cuticle in plants was a key adaptation to terrestial living because
a. enhanced water loss.
b. enhanced absorption of nutrients from soil
c. allowed for an alternation of generation
d. helps plant to avoid drying up
Answers
The evolution of the cuticle in plants was a key adaptation to terrestrial living because it helps plants to avoid drying up.
Thus, the correct option is d. helps plant to avoid drying up.
In plants, the cuticle is a protective layer of waxy, hydrophobic substance produced by the epidermal cells. It is the layer of tissue that separates the aerial parts of the plant from the outside environment. It serves as a barrier to protect the plant from desiccation, UV radiation, and environmental stresses.The cuticle is thicker on leaves and shoots of plants that grow in dry environments, where the risk of water loss is greater.
The cuticle also helps to minimize water loss from the plant by limiting the amount of water that escapes from the plant's tissues by evaporation.Plants are considered the first organisms to live on land, and the evolution of the cuticle was a critical step in their transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial lifestyle. Without the cuticle, plants would have been unable to survive on land, as they would have dried out and died from desiccation.
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in terms of mimicking natural ecosystem processes, which form of waste management would be the best choice for dealing with food scraps and yard waste?
Answers
The best choice for dealing with food scraps and yard waste in terms of mimicking natural ecosystem processes would be composting. Composting involves breaking down organic materials such as food scraps and yard waste into a nutrient-rich soil amendment that can be used to enrich garden soil. Option C.
Composting mimics natural ecosystem processes by simulating the decomposition of organic matter by decomposers such as bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. These decomposers break down the organic matter into smaller molecules that can be taken up by plants as nutrients. In a composting system, the organic matter is typically piled in a container or heap and periodically turned or aerated to promote the activity of the decomposers and to speed up the decomposition process.
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Full Question ;
In terms of mimicking natural ecosystem processes, which form of waste management would be the best choice for dealing with food scraps and yard waste?
a. Incineration
b. Burial in a landfill
c. Composting
what might happen if plants could not produce glucose?
Answers
Plants would starve and perish without glucose. Plant-dependent species like humans would perish.
Why is glucose important for plants?Sugar called glucose is essential for most living things' metabolisms. It is produced during photosynthesis by plants, certain bacteria, and protists. From bacteria and plants to people, glucose is the primary chemical energy source for cell processes in all living things.
Plants use glucose as a source of energy and to create other compounds like cellulose and starch. Cell walls are constructed using cellulose. As a food source, starch is kept in seeds and other plant parts.
Without glucose, plants would starve and end their lives. Humans and other creatures that depend on plants would die out.
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Once it enters the cytoplasm of a host cell and sheds its capsid, replication of HIV begins when _____ _____ is used to synthesize a double strand of DNA from the viral RNA.
Answers
Once it enters the cytoplasm of a host cell and sheds its capsid, replication of HIV begins when reverse transcriptase is used to synthesize a double strand of DNA from the viral RNA.
Once it enters the cytoplasm of a host cell and sheds its capsid, replication of HIV begins when reverse transcriptase is used to synthesize a double strand of DNA from the viral RNA.
What is HIV?HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, a virus that attacks and weakens the immune system of humans. HIV replicates in the host cell cytoplasm after shedding its capsid, and it is called replication. When the reverse transcriptase enzyme is used to create a double-stranded DNA from the viral RNA, replication begins. HIV attacks the T-helper cells in the immune system, which are in charge of defending the body against foreign invaders. HIV gets into the bloodstream and travels to the CD4 T-helper cells after being contracted. The virus begins to reproduce after it has entered the host cell's cytoplasm. The viral RNA then acts as a template for reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that catalyzes the creation of a DNA copy of the RNA. The RNA template is destroyed and a second DNA strand is created by the same enzyme, reverse transcriptase. This second DNA strand is complementary to the first and forms a double-stranded DNA molecule.
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Plant
cell can be identified by the process of
A) Choloroplast
B) plasma membrana
c) cell wall
D)Mitochondria
A )i and ii (B) i and iii
(c) ii and iii (0) iv only
Answers
Explanation:
i think it is choloroplast
Honeybees can defend themselves against infections by making small proteins that have antimicrobial properties.
Researchers claim that an antibiotic based on one of these proteins might be able to stop bacterial infections in humans.
Which of the following observations would best support this claim?
The protein attaches to molecules in the cell walls of bacterial cells and alters the cells' shapes.
The protein changes the content of the bacterial cell walls so that the bacteria are recognized as human cells.
The protein prevents bacterial cells from producing molecules that are necessary for the bacterial cells to divide.
The protein mutates the genetic material of the bacterial cells so that it is similar to the genetic material of the host
cells.
Answers
The observation that would best support the claim that an antibiotic based on honeybee proteins can stop bacterial infections in humans is: "The protein prevents bacterial cells from producing molecules that are necessary for the bacterial cells to divide."
The correct answer would be "The protein prevents bacterial cells from producing molecules that are necessary for the bacterial cells to divide."
Bacterial cells require certain molecules and processes for their growth and division. If the honeybee protein can interfere with or inhibit the production of these essential molecules, it would hinder the bacteria's ability to divide and reproduce. This disruption in bacterial cell division would effectively slow down or prevent the spread of the infection.
By targeting the bacterial cells specifically and impeding their vital processes, the honeybee protein acts as an antimicrobial agent. It selectively affects the bacteria without harming human cells, making it a potentially effective antibiotic for treating bacterial infections in humans.
This observation aligns with the mechanism of action commonly associated with antibiotics. Antibiotics target specific structures or processes in bacterial cells, inhibiting their growth or killing them outright. In this case, the honeybee protein's ability to prevent bacterial cells from producing necessary molecules required for division provides strong support for its potential as an effective antibiotic against bacterial infections in humans.
Further research and testing would be necessary to confirm the efficacy and safety of the honeybee protein-based antibiotic in human applications.
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what organelles are not found in plant cells?
Answers
Answer:
The organelle not found in plant cells is the centriole. Plant cells have a large central vacuole that holds water and minerals for the cell.
Explanation:
Answer:
The centriole JRJRJRBRBV5NEJDJDHDNEJB5BTKWH
Explanation:
I don't know what to put here
Select the BAR CHART tab, and turn on Show numerical values. How many cells are in the interphase stage of their life cycle?
Answers
Answer:
87
Explanation:
The mesosphere helps protect the Earth by
A.
enabling satellites to orbit safely.
B.
burning up meteors and rock fragments.
C.
absorbing harmful rays from the Sun.
D.
allowing pollution to escape to space.
Answers
A biologist inserted a gene from a human liver cell into the chromosome of a bacterium. The bacterium then transcribed this gene into mRNA and translated the mRNA into protein. However, the protein produced was unable to perform its function. It contained many more amino acids than the protein made by the eukaryotic cell, and the amino acids were in a different sequence. Explain this result using proper vocabulary.
Answers
A biologist inserted a gene from a human liver cell into the chromosome of a bacterium. After that, the bacterium then transcribed this gene into mRNA and translated the mRNA into protein. However, the protein produced was unable to perform its function.
This happened because bacteria have a different genetic code, and therefore, a different genetic vocabulary than humans or other eukaryotic cells. The genetic code is the set of rules that translates nucleotide sequences into amino acid sequences.
The genetic code is a triplet code, meaning that each set of three nucleotides (called a codon) specifies one amino acid. Since the bacterium has a different genetic code than humans, it translated the codons in the mRNA from the human gene differently, leading to a different amino acid sequence in the protein.
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Three species of finches are in competition for the limited resources of an ecosystem. One species
prefers fruit to seeds. The second species prefers seeds to fruit. The third species will eat fruit or
seeds with equal preference. If the third species is removed from the area, how will the ecosystem
change?
a. Resources will be more abundant.
b. The climate of the ecosystem will change.
c. Fruit and seed resources will become less abundant.
d. Water will become more readily available.
Answers
Answer:
the answer is option a
Explanation:
The finches evolved to have different beak shapes to be able to eat the food available on the different islands.
If one species is removed then the resources will be more abundant for the other two species.
What will happen if 3rd species is removed?If the third species is removed from the area then seeds and fruits will be more available for the one and second species.
Because the third species is eating both seeds and fruits in equal preference if they are removed then these resources will be available in more abundant for the other two species.
Thus, we can conclude that the correct option is (a), Resources will be more abundant.
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Which is the third stage of mitosis? (3 points)
Anaphase
Interphase
Metaphase
Telophase
Answers
I hope this helps.
Errors that occur during meiosis are present in all cells of the body, whereas errors that occur during mitosis may occur in only a small number of cells.
Answers
Answer:
Due to difference in their presence in the body.
Explanation:
Errors that occur during meiosis are present in all cells of the body because meiosis cell division occurs in the sex cells of an organisms so that the errors are effects all the cells of that organism, while on the other hand, errors that occur during mitosis may occur in only a small number of cells because mitosis cell division occurs in the somatic cells so the errors are present in some body cells so we can conclude this errors in meiosis affect all cells whereas errors in mitosis affect less number of cells.
Describe how new hair fibers are formed
Answers
Answer:
Taking nutrients from the dermal papilla, the hair bulb generates new hair cells. As these cells move up through the hair root, they mature through a process called keratinization, fill with fibrous protein and lose their nucleus.
Explanation:
I found this on the internet and don't know if it is correct but if it is can I get a brainliest please?
what happens to the chromosomes if nondisjunction occurs during meiosis one versus meiosis two
Answers
Answer:
Nondisjunction is defined as the failure in the separation of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids during nuclear division.
Nondisjunction occurs in both phases meiosis one (I) and meiosis two (II) during anaphase but both in both phases nondisjunction is different.
In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes fail to separate while in meiosis II, sister chromatids fail to separate.
Which statement is true of chloroplasts?
They transport glucose into the cell.
They convert light energy into chemical energy.
They convert the energy in glucose into a more usable form.
They are present in animal cells, but not in plant cells
Answers
Answer:
3 answer is actually true i guess.
Which would least likely be a cause of natural selection?adaptationevolutionoverpopulationvariation
Answers
Least likely be a cause of natural selection the correct option is (c).Overpopulation.
The principle of the fittest surviving has to do with natural selection. Natural selection is therefore influenced by adaptation, variety, and overcrowding; those who do not adjust to their new environments due to overpopulation or those whose bodies have not undergone sufficient modification will not survive.
Evolution is a result of natural selection. Natural selection results from evolution. Evolution and natural selection are the same thing. Natural selection and evolution are unrelated. Evolution is a result of natural selection. A individual with sickle cell disease has the HbSS genotype. It is the main driving force of evolution. Charles Darwin's main ideas were written on the board by Veronica, however one of them had an error. The organisms in a population must reproduce since the environment cannot support as many offspring as they generate.
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when an organism begins to respond to previously neutral stimuli without direct conditioning, what has happened?
Answers
When an organism begins to respond to previously neutral stimuli without direct conditioning, it has undergone the process of classical conditioning, also known as Pavlovian conditioning. In this process, the neutral stimulus (also known as the conditioned stimulus) becomes associated with a naturally occurring stimulus (the unconditioned stimulus) that elicits a reflexive response (the unconditioned response).
Through repeated pairing of the neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus, the neutral stimulus alone begins to elicit a similar response, now known as the conditioned response.
When an organism begins to respond to previously neutral stimuli without direct conditioning, this is known as sensitization. Sensitization is a non-associative learning process in which the organism becomes more responsive to the stimuli due to repeated exposure.
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1. There are 2, 472 parent cells. Each cell has 7 chromosomes.
a. After mitosis, how many daughter cells will be produced?
b. After mitosis, how many chromosomes does a daughter cell
• have?
2. There are 2, 472 daughter cells. Each cell has
12 chromosomes.
a. Before mitosis, how many parent cells were there?
b. Before mitosis, how many chromosomes does parent a cell
• have?
Answers
Answer:
1. a) 4,944
b) 7
2. a) 1,236
b) 12
Explanation:
The cell cycle is typically extremely organized and involves a carefully choreographed sequence of processes. Cytokinesis is the division of a cell's cytoplasm, whereas mitosis and meiosis are two separate types of nuclear division.
Mitosis divides the initial nucleus into two identical nuclei. Meiosis, on the other hand, produces four nuclei, each with half the chromosome count of the original cell. Meiosis occurs solely in the cells that give rise to reproductive cells in animals (gametes).
Meiosis means "half," which is a form of cell division in which four daughter cells are formed, each having half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Mitosis is a form of cell division that produces two daughter cells with the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell.
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What is a compound found mainly in living things called?
Answers
Answer:
Should be Organic Compound
Which of these is an example of soil degradation?
A. A drought kills all the plants in an area, leaving bare land.
B. Fertilizers provide too many nutrients to crops.
C. Garbage is buried so the land can be reclaimed later.
D. Containers designed to store pollutants leak.
Answers
A. Soil deterioration occurs when a drought kills all of the vegetation in a region, resulting in barren ground. Soil degradation refers to a decrease in soil quality caused by processes such as erosion, compaction, salinization, acidity, and pollution.
Drought may cause soil degradation by lowering organic matter in the soil and causing erosion. This can lead to decreased soil fertility, water retention capacity, and biodiversity.
A lack of plants can also reduce the soil's ability to absorb and retain carbon, resulting in additional deterioration. Fertilizers are a good source enhancers and they help in growth of the crops by providing then the suitable type of nutritional growth and fulfilling deficiency.
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Seasons are caused by Earth's
Answers
Answer:
tilt
its tilt bc some parts are closer to the sun than others
Which of the following statements helps support the endosymbiotic theory?
Choose 1 answer:
A
All cells contain ribosomes that conduct protein synthesis.
B
Cells contain genetic information in the form of DNA.
If isolated from a eukaryotic cell, mitochondria can no longer survive and reproduce on their
own.
If isolated from a plant cell, a chloroplast can survive and reproduce on its own.
Answers
Answer:
C. If isolated from a eukaryotic cell, mitochondria can no longer survive and reproduce on their own.
Explanation:
The endosymbiotic theory proposes that early eukaryotic cells evolved from endosymbiotic interactions among prokaryotic cells. This theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once primitive bacterial cells that were ingested by large anaerobic prokaryotic cells, and then these cells benefited from living and working together. The most important lines of evidence that support this theory are that mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own genetic material (circular DNA) and their own protein biosynthesis machinery (ribosomes).
Which is an equivalent equation solved for r?
r = C
r = C(2)
r = r equals StartFraction C Over 2 pi EndFraction.
r = r equals StartFraction 2 pi Over C EndFraction.
Answers
Answer: r = C
Explanation:
Louis Pasteur's experiments showed that bacteria did not grow in a flask unless they first entered from the surrounding environment. What part of the cell theory did this prove?
A - New cells come from preexisting ones
B - All living things are made up of at least one cell
C - Cells are the basic units of life
D - All cells are surrounded by a thin membrane
Answers
The cell theory proves that new cells come from preexisting ones. Therefore option A is correct.
Louis Pasteur's experiments demonstrated that bacteria did not spontaneously generate within a flask but rather entered from the surrounding environment. This finding supported the concept of biogenesis, which is part of the cell theory.
The specific part of the cell theory that Pasteur's experiments proved is:
The concept of biogenesis states that living organisms arise from preexisting living organisms. Pasteur's experiments provided evidence against the idea of spontaneous generation, which suggested that living organisms could arise from non-living matter.
By showing that bacteria did not appear in a flask unless they were introduced from the surrounding environment, Pasteur supported the notion that new cells come from preexisting cells, rather than spontaneously generating.
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The number of fatty acids chains present in a molecule of a
phospholipid is _
Answers
The molecule of phospholipid contains two fatty acid molecules linked to -OH groups and a nitrogen-containing base bound to the phosphate group.
Phospholipids are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic head containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic tails derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue.
Thus, it has a strongly non-polar and hydrophobic tail consisting of fatty acid chains and a polar and hydrophilic head comprising a negatively charged phosphate group and a positively charged base. Because of this dual solubility, the phospholipids are called AMPHIPHATIC lipids.
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what is hematology oncology associates of the treasure coast?
Answers
Hematology oncology associates of the treasure coast is a medical institute that offers radiology, pharmacy, pathology, and medical services.
Hematology Oncology Associates of the Treasure Coast offers radiology, drugstore, pathology, and medical services. Hematologic oncology combines two fields of drug hematology, which is the study of the blood, and oncology, the study of cancer. Hematologic oncologists are trained in the opinion, treatment and forestallment of blood cancers and blood- related diseases. Hematologic malice differ from other types of cancer because they develop in the body's blood cells and may not form excrescences. While some hematologic oncologists have moxie in treating solid excrescences, utmost don't treat exploitable cancers similar as bone cancer or lung cancer.
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How many total atoms are found in 2Fe(OH)3 *
Answers
Answer:9
Explanation:
Answer:
element: Iron= Fe= 1 atom
Hydrogen= H= 3 atoms
oxygen= o= 3 atoms
total= 7 atoms
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