The acylation reaction can produce diacetylferrocene, and it would appear lower on the TLC plate compared to acetylferrocene due to its higher polarity caused by the presence of two acetyl groups.
In an acylation reaction, diacetyl ferrocene is produced when two acetyl groups are added to ferrocene.
This reaction involves the use of an acylating agent such as acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride. TLC, or thin-layer chromatography, is a technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of compounds.
In TLC, a small amount of the mixture is spotted onto a thin layer of silica gel or alumina, which is placed in a developing chamber containing a solvent. As the solvent moves up the plate, it carries the different components of the mixture at different rates based on their polarity, size, and other properties. The separated compounds appear as spots on the TLC plate, with each compound appearing at a specific distance from the starting line.
In the case of acetylated ferrocenes, the diacetylferrocene would appear at a greater distance from the starting line compared to acetylferrocene. This is because diacetylferrocene is larger and more polar than acetylferrocene due to the presence of two acetyl groups. As a result, it would be less soluble in the developing solvent and would travel at a slower rate up the plate, causing it to appear further from the starting line.
Therefore, in the TLC system used, the diacetylferrocene product would appear at a greater distance from the starting line relative to acetylferrocene. This difference in distance would allow for the easy identification and separation of the two compounds.
Diacetyl ferrocene can be produced in the acylation reaction involving ferrocene and acetyl chloride in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as aluminum chloride. In this reaction, acetyl groups are added to the ferrocene molecule, forming monoacetylferrocene and diacetylferrocene as products. The extent of acylation depends on the reaction conditions and the stoichiometry of the reagents.
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a useful analytical technique for monitoring the progress of the reaction and determining the relative polarity of compounds. In a TLC system, compounds are separated based on their affinity for the stationary phase (silica gel) relative to the mobile phase (solvent mixture). More polar compounds have a stronger interaction with the stationary phase, leading to slower migration and lower retention factors (Rf values).
Diacetylferrocene, with two acetyl groups, is more polar than monoacetylferrocene, which has only one acetyl group. Consequently, diacetylferrocene would interact more strongly with the polar stationary phase on the TLC plate. As a result, diacetylferrocene would have a lower Rf value and appear lower on the TLC plate relative to monoacetylferrocene.
In summary, the acylation reaction can produce diacetyl ferrocene, and it would appear lower on the TLC plate compared to acetylferrocene due to its higher polarity caused by the presence of two acetyl groups.
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How many carbon atoms are represented in the formula for CaMg3(CO3)4
the amount of iron in an iron ore can be quantitatively determined by titrating a solution of the unknown with a standard solution of dichromate. the net ionic equation is: redox titration.gif the titration of 25.0 ml of an iron(ii) solution required 18.0 ml of a 0.150 m solution of dichromate (cr2o72-) to reach the equivalence point. what is the molarity of the iron(ii) solution?
According to the given statement The molarity of the iron(II) solution is 0.648 M.
What is molarity?The amount of the sample in a specific solution volume is defined as its molarity (M). The molarity of a solute per litre of a solution is known as molarity. The molar concentration is yet another name for molarity.
Briefing:Iron(II) solution volume (V₁) = 25.0 mL/0.025 L
Dichromate solution (V₂) has a volume of 18.0 mL, or 0.018 L.
Dichromate solution molarity (M₂) = 0.150 M
Molarity of dichromate solution is :
M₂ = n₂/V₂
(n₂ = M₂* V₂ = 0.150 * 0.018 = 2.7 * 10⁻³ mol
Complete balanced equation is given below.
\(6 \mathrm{Fe}^{2+}(a q)+\mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7^{2-}(a q)+14 \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q) \rightarrow 6 \mathrm{Fe}^{3+}(a q)+2 \mathrm{Cr}^{3+}(a q)+7 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\)
It is obvious from the equation that 1 mole of dichromate is needed to make 6 moles of iron(II) solution.
Therefore, we calculate the number of moles of iron(II) solution using the unitary technique.
1 mole of dichromate is equal to 6 moles of iron (II)
6n₂ moles of iron are equal to n₂ moles of dichromate (II)
=6 * 2.7 * 10⁻³ = 0.0162 mol Fe²⁺
So, 0.0162 moles of iron(II) is needed. Therefore,
Now, molarity of iron(II) solution is given as: n\(_1\) = 0.0162
Molarity = Moles ÷ Volume
M₁ = n\(_1\)/V₁
M₁ = 0.0162mol/0.025 L = 0.648 M
The molarity of the iron(II) solution is 0.648 M.
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The complete question is -
The titration of 25.0 mL of an iron(II) solution required 18.0 mL of a 0.150M solution of dichromate to reach the equivalence point. What is the molarity of the iron(II) solution?
A bond between two sugar molecules is formed by which type of reaction?
Disaccharides form when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration reaction (a condensation reaction); they are held together by a covalent bond. Sucrose (table sugar) is the most common disaccharide, which is composed of the monomers glucose and fructose.
A glycosidic bond or glycosidic linkage is a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate ( sugar ) molecule to another group, which may not be another carbohydrate.
What occurs during beta decay?
A. A proton decays into a neutron and an electron.
B. A proton, neutron, and electron are emitted.
C. A high energy wave is emitted.
D. A neutron decays into a proton and an electron.
During beat decay
D. A neutron decays into a proton and an electron occurs during beta decay.
What is beta decayBeta decay is a type of radioactive decay that occurs when an unstable atomic nucleus emits an electron (called a beta particle) and a type of neutrino called an antineutrino.
During beta decay, a neutron within the nucleus of an atom decays into a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino. The proton stays in the nucleus, increasing the atomic number by one, while the electron and antineutrino are emitted from the nucleus. The emitted electron is often referred to as a beta particle, hence the name beta decay
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how many eggs are produced at a time in human body?
Answer: Well, at birth, there are approximately 1 million eggs. And at the time of puberty, only 300,000 remain.
Explanation:
Answer:
only one egg will be produced by a single ovary in a month. the ovaries function in an alternate manner., ie., one ovary will release an egg in one month and the other ovary will release the ovum next month.
To express very large or very small numbers, scientists use what
A rocket can be powered by the reaction between dinitrogen tetroxide and hydrazine:
20a
An engineer designed the rocket to hold 1. 35 kg N2O4 and excess N2H4. How much N2 would be produced according to the engineer's design? Enter your answer in scientific notation.
Expressing this answer in scientific notation, the amount of N2 produced according to the engineer's design would be approximately 1.467 x 10^1 mol.
To determine the amount of N2 produced in the reaction between dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) and excess hydrazine (N2H4), we need to consider the stoichiometry of the reaction.
The balanced equation for the reaction is:
N2H4 + N2O4 → N2 + 2H2O
According to the stoichiometry of the reaction, for every one mole of N2H4, one mole of N2 is produced. The molar mass of N2H4 is approximately 32.05 g/mol.
Given that the rocket is designed to hold 1.35 kg (1350 g) of N2O4, we can calculate the moles of N2H4 required:
Moles of N2H4 = Mass of N2O4 / Molar mass of N2O4
Moles of N2H4 = 1350 g / 92.01 g/mol ≈ 14.67 mol
Since the stoichiometry is 1:1, the amount of N2 produced will be equal to the moles of N2H4:
Moles of N2 produced = Moles of N2H4 ≈ 14.67 mol
Expressing this answer in scientific notation, the amount of N2 produced according to the engineer's design would be approximately 1.467 x 10^1 mol.
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I need help calculating the Kc for both of these reactions.
Given the equation :
CH3OH +Cl2 →← 2 CH3CL + 2OH ^-1
at equilibrium concentration, we have:
(1.5 -2x )/ 5L + (1.0 -x )/5L =2x /5L + 2x /5L
→ (1.5-2x+ 1 -x )/ 5L = 4x /5L
→(0.5 -3x)/5L = 4x/5L (5L in the Left hand side cancels 5L inthe right hand side)
→ 0.5 = 4x +3x
0.5 = 7x
x = 0.5/7
x = 0.071
( Extra note : Now lets test and see if this balances ):
LHS : (1.5 -2x )/ 5L + (1.0 -x )/5L = 0.5 -3x)/5L
= 0.5 - 3(0.071)/5
= 0.287 /5 = 0.05
RHS :4(x) /5 = 4(0.071) /5
= 0.28/5 = 0.05
at equlibrium , LHS = RHS therefore our x value is 0.07
Calculate the mass percent of a solution that is composed of 8.00 g NaNO3 dissolved in 35.0 g of water.
Solution :
The mass percent of NaNO₃ is 18.60% .
To Find :
The mass percent of a solution that is composed of 8.00 g NaNO3 dissolved in 35.0 g of water.
Solution :
Mass percentage is given as :
\(Mass \ percentage = \dfrac{mass\ of \ chemical}{total \ mass \ of \ compound}\\\\Mass \ percentage = \dfrac{8}{(8+35)} \times 100 \%\\\\Mass \ percentage = 18.60 \%\)
Therefore, the mass percentage of NaNO₃ is 18.60% .
Which mineral can be easily scratched by a finger nail, has cleavage, a metallic luster and has a black streak? 11. Which two elements are found in all minerals on the chart?
Answer:
Galena
Explanation:
Galena is also known as lead glance. This is a natural mineral of the form lead(II) sulfide. It is one of the most important ore for lead. It is widely found and is mainly distributed in sulfide minerals.
Galena can be easily scratched by finger nails. It has black streak and have a metallic luster. Galena have cleavage. It usually occurs as cubic crystals.
Consider the solutions formed by adding 50 mL of a 1.00 M solution of NH3 to each of the following beakers: Beaker 1: 50 mL of 2.00 M HCl(aq) Beaker 2: 50 mL of 0.50 M HCl(aq) Beaker 3: 50 mL of 1.00 MNH4Cl(aq) Which beaker(s) will contain a buffered solution once the mixing is complete? Beakers 2 and 3 Beakers 1, 2 and 3 Beaker 3 Beakers 1 and 3 Beakers 1 and 2
We can conclude that Beakers 2 and 3 will contain buffered solutions once the mixing is complete. Therefore, the answer is Beakers 2 and 3.
To determine which beaker(s) will contain a buffered solution once the mixing is complete, we need to first understand what makes a solution a buffer. A buffer solution is a solution that can resist changes in pH when small amounts of an acid or base are added to it. A buffer solution is made up of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid.
Beaker 1 contains 50 mL of a 2.00 M HCl solution. HCl is a strong acid, which means it completely dissociates in water to form H+ and Cl- ions. Adding NH3 to this solution will result in the formation of NH4+ and Cl- ions, but there will be no weak acid-base pair present to act as a buffer. Therefore, Beaker 1 will not contain a buffered solution once the mixing is complete.
Beaker 2 contains 50 mL of a 0.50 M HCl solution. This solution is less concentrated than Beaker 1 and will also completely dissociate in water. However, adding NH3 to this solution will result in the formation of NH4+ and Cl- ions, and there will be some NH3 molecules present to act as a weak base. NH3 is a weak base and can react with H+ ions to form NH4+ ions. This reaction creates a weak acid-base pair (NH3/NH4+) that can act as a buffer. Therefore, Beaker 2 will contain a buffered solution once the mixing is complete.
Beaker 3 contains 50 mL of a 1.00 M NH4Cl solution. NH4Cl is a salt made up of NH4+ and Cl- ions. When NH4Cl dissolves in water, it dissociates into its ions. Adding NH3 to this solution will result in the formation of more NH4+ and Cl- ions, but there will also be excess NH3 molecules present to act as a weak base. This means that there will be a weak acid-base pair present (NH3/NH4+) that can act as a buffer. Therefore, Beaker 3 will contain a buffered solution once the mixing is complete.
Based on this analysis, we can conclude that Beakers 2 and 3 will contain buffered solutions once the mixing is complete. Therefore, the answer is Beakers 2 and 3.
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Who is best associated with Psychoanalysis?
-Wilhelm Wundt
-Sigmund Freud
-William James
-None of the above
-Other:
Answer:
None of the above
Explanation:
Erikson's was a student of freud's and expanded of his theory of psychosexual development by emphasizing the importance of culture in parenting practices and motivations and adding three stages of adult development.
Which element does not like to bond with other atoms?
1 - sodium
2 - chlorine
3 - carbon
4 - xenon
Answer:
Xenon
Explanation:
The reason is because, Xenon is a part of a Group on the periodic table called Noble Gases. This means that it has 8 electrons on its outer shell, making it very hard to get a reaction out of it.
describe how the availability of water can limit the growth of a population that otherwise has unlimited resources
The availability of the water that can limit the growth of the population that is otherwise has the unlimited resources as if they will not get the enough water which they need, they will start to get the dehydrated and they would die.
The Water, the light, and the climate are the abiotic factors by which the humans want to live and where the availability and the health are guaranteed.
Excessive heat and the drought can be limit the population growth by the lowering the availability of the fresh, the usable water to the population. The access to the water is the one of the biggest limiting factor for the population growth.
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What is the mathematical relationship between molar mass and moles?
How many electrons are there?
Answer:
36
Explanation:
Se has a negative charge of -2
in order for that to be possible there has to be 2 more negative charges than positive chrages
in other words
34 protons 36 electrons
34+ 36-
What is the purpose of a catalyst in the production of hydrogen?
Select the correct answer.
- to increase the rate at which water molecules decompose
- to decrease the amount of oxygen produced
- to decrease the temperature of the reaction
- to increase the activation energy of the reaction
The purpose of a catalyst in the production of hydrogen is to increase the rate at which water molecules decompose.
What is a catalyst-A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed or produced during the reaction. As a result, catalysts assist in speeding up chemical reactions while also decreasing the amount of energy needed for the reaction to occur. In hydrogen production, catalysts are used to speed up the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen. The use of catalysts lowers the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, resulting in a faster reaction rate and lower operating temperatures.What is the process of hydrogen production?Hydrogen production has various methods, and one of the most commonly used methods is water electrolysis. In this method, water molecules are split into hydrogen and oxygen using an electric current passed through an electrode. Water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen during the process, with the assistance of a catalyst. During this process, a catalyst like platinum or nickel is employed to speed up the chemical reaction of water decomposition.
When an electric current is applied to the catalyst, water molecules are broken apart, releasing hydrogen and oxygen atoms.Catalysts lower the activation energy of the reaction, allowing it to occur faster than it would otherwise. In hydrogen production, catalysts are crucial since they enable the reaction to occur at a lower temperature, reducing energy consumption and minimizing operating costs. As a result, the use of catalysts is essential to the production of hydrogen.
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What is the balanced reaction for the cell diagram below? al(s) | al³⁺(aq) || cd²⁺(aq) | cd(s)
A) Al34(aq) + Cd(s) → Al(s) + Cd2+ (aq)
B) 2 Al(s) + 3 Cd2+(aq) → 2 Al3+(aq) + 3 Cd(s)
C) 3 Al3+(aq) + 2 Cd(s) — 3 Al(s) + 2 Cd2+(aq)
D) Al(s) + Cd2+(aq) → Al3+(aq) + Cd(s)
E) 2 Al3+(aq) + 3 Cd(s) → 2 Al(s) + 3 Cd2+(aq)
The correct balanced reaction for the given cell diagram is option B:
2 Al(s) + 3 Cd²⁺(aq) → 2 Al³⁺(aq) + 3 Cd(s)
The balanced reaction for the given cell diagram can be determined by looking at the half-reactions occurring at each electrode. The cell diagram is written in the form:
Al(s) | Al³⁺(aq) || Cd²⁺(aq) | Cd(s)
The half-reaction at the anode (left side) is the oxidation half-reaction, and the half-reaction at the cathode (right side) is the reduction half-reaction.
From the cell diagram, we can identify the half-reactions as follows:
Anode (oxidation): Al(s) → Al³⁺(aq) + 3e⁻
Cathode (reduction): Cd²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → Cd(s)
To balance the number of electrons transferred in both half-reactions, we need to multiply the reduction half-reaction by 3 and the oxidation half-reaction by 2:
2 Al(s) → 2 Al³⁺(aq) + 6e⁻
3 Cd²⁺(aq) + 6e⁻ → 3 Cd(s)
Now, we can combine the balanced half-reactions to obtain the balanced overall reaction:
2 Al(s) + 3 Cd²⁺(aq) → 2 Al³⁺(aq) + 3 Cd(s)
Therefore, the correct balanced reaction for the given cell diagram is option B:
2 Al(s) + 3 Cd²⁺(aq) → 2 Al³⁺(aq) + 3 Cd(s)
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Why do hydrogen and oxygen form polar covalent bonds within water molecules?
a. Hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen, generating a partial negative charge near the hydrogen atom.
b. Hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen, generating a partial positive charge near the
hydrogen atom.
c. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, generating a partial negative charge near the
d. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, generating a partial positive charge near the
oxygen atoms
c. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, generating a partial negative charge near the oxygen atoms.
In a water molecule (H₂O), oxygen (O) is more electronegative than hydrogen (H), meaning oxygen has a greater attraction for electrons. As a result, the shared electrons in the covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen are pulled closer to the oxygen atom, creating a partial negative charge (δ⁻) near the oxygen atom. Conversely, the hydrogen atoms have a partial positive charge (δ⁺) due to the electron density being shifted toward oxygen.
This charge separation within the water molecule leads to a polar covalent bond. The electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen causes the oxygen atom to be partially negative (δ⁻) and the hydrogen atoms to be partially positive (δ⁺). This polarity is responsible for the unique properties of water, such as its ability to form hydrogen bonds and exhibit high surface tension and solubility.
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6.Find the empirical formula of a compound that contains:19.16 g Sodium1.680 g Hydrogen25.81 g Phosphorus
The empitical formula shows the simplest ratio of elements in a compound (not the total number of atoms in the molecule).
So to find the empirical formula we need to calculate how many moles of each atom we have in this sample. Then we will see the ratio of each element.
We are given the mass, so to convert it to moles we use the molar mass. For this we go to the periodic table and see that the values for each element are:
Na (sodium): 22,99 g/mol
H (hydrogen): 1 g/mol
P (phosphorus): 25,81 g/mol
So we calculate the moles of each element as follows:
\(\begin{gathered} moles_{Na}=\frac{Mass_{Na}}{Molar\text{ }mass_{Na}}=\frac{19.16g}{22.99g/mol}=0.833\text{ mol} \\ moles_H=\frac{Mass_H}{Molar\text{ }mass_H}\text{ }=\frac{1.68g}{1g/mol}=1.68mol \\ moles_P=\frac{Mass_P}{Molar\text{m}ass_P}\text{=}\frac{25.81g}{30.97\frac{g}{mol}}=0.833mol \end{gathered}\)And as we see, for every 0.833 moles of Na we have the same number of moles of P, so the ratio of these elements in the molecule is 1 to 1.
As for the hydrogen:
\(\frac{moles_{Na}}{moles_H}=\frac{0.833}{1.68}\approx\frac{1}{2}\)So the ratio Na to H is 1 to 2.
Now we can write the empirical formula as follows=
\(NaH_2P\)
Why is acid added to water during eletrolysis
Answer:
Pure water is a non conductor of electricity and dilute acids in their aqueous solutions form free ions, which conducts electricity. Thus when we need to electrolyse water, a dilute acid is added to increase its conductivity.
Given the balanced equation representing a reaction: HCl + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + Cl⁻ The water molecule acts as a base because it
donates an H⁺
accepts an H⁺
donates an OH⁻
accepts and OH⁻
Answer:
accepts an H⁺
Explanation:
The following balanced ionic equation is given in this question;
HCl + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + Cl⁻
According to Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, a base is any substance that can accept hydrogen ions or protons (H+). Using this definition for the above equation, water (H2O) accepts a proton or H+ that was donated by HCl to form H30+ (hydronium ion), hence, water is acting as a BASE in this reaction because it accepts an H+.
Which objects refract light? (Select all that apply.)
the human eye
contact lenses
a magnifying glass
concave mirrors
Select the classification for the following reaction.
NH3(aq) + HNO3(aq) → NH4NO3(aq)
Precipitation
Acid-base
Redox
Decomposition
None of these choices are correct.
Answer:
The reaction NH3(aq) + HNO3(aq) → NH4NO3(aq) is an acid-base reaction. In an acid-base reaction, an acid and a base react to form a salt and water. In this reaction, the acid is nitric acid (HNO3) and the base is ammonia (NH3). The salt that is formed is ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3).
The other choices are not correct. A precipitation reaction is a reaction in which a solid precipitate forms from a solution. A redox reaction is a reaction in which electrons are transferred between atoms or molecules. A decomposition reaction is a reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.
Explanation:
If a sound wave refracts, what happens to it? Select all that apply.
It changes its speed and wavelength when it bounces off of a solid surface.
B
It changes direction when it passes through an opening
С
It changes its speed and wavelength when it passes through an opening
D
It changes direction when it passes from one medium to another
E
It changes its speed and wavelength from one medium to another.
F
It changes direction when it bounces off of a solid surface.
If a sound wave refracts,It changes its speed and wavelength when it bounces off of a solid surface,It changes its speed and wavelength when it passes through an opening, and It changes direction when it passes from one medium to another. Therefore, option A, C and D are correct.
What is refraction of sound wave ?An important case in which sound waves change form or spread out is called refraction. This phenomenon affects the bending of a sound wave owing to changes in the wave's speed.
Refraction is the reason ocean waves near a shore parallel to the beach and why glass lenses can be used to focus light waves.
If the air above the earth is warmed than that at the surface, sound will be change shape back downward toward the surface by refraction. Sound propagates in all directions from a point source.
Thus, option A, C and D are correct.
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According to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of the reacting substances is
always more than the total mass of the products.
always less than the total mass of the products.
sometimes more and sometimes less than the total mass of the products.
always equal to the total mass of the products.
Answer:
I would say the last one because mass is not created nor destroyed.
Explanation:
You have 368.53, in your account?, You write a checks for 183.45,and for 201.01 what your new balance. You make a deposit of 325.89.what is your account balance now?
What does the atoms of metals have
Answer:
I dont know
Explanation:
because I dont know
360.0 g piece of iron is dropped into 425 mL of water at 24.00 °C. The final temperature of the water was measured as 45.70 °C. Calculate the initial temperature of the metal.
Answer:
T(initial) = 241.4˚C
Explanation:
∑q = q(metal) + q(water) = 0*
Q(metal) = (m∙c∙ΔT)Fe = 360g x 0.444j/g˚C x (45.7˚C – T(initial)) = 159.84j/˚C(45.7˚C – T(initial)) = 7304.69 j – 159.84j/˚C x T(initial)
Q(water) = (m∙c∙ΔT)water = 425g x 4.184j/g˚C x (45.7˚C - 24˚C) = 38,586.94 joules
∑[Q(metal) + Q(water)] = 7304.69j -159.84j/˚C x T(initial) + 38586.94j = 0
=> 159.84 x T(initial)j/˚C = 38586.94j
=> T(initial) = 38586.94j / 159.84j/˚C = 241.4˚C
____________________________________
*Initial equation is from Heat Loss = Heat Gained (Conservation of Energy) That is, Heat lost + (- Heat gained) = 0
=> ∑(heat loss by metal) + (- heat gained by water) = 0
using heat transfer equation with temperature change
=> mcΔT(metal) + (-mcΔT(water) = mcΔT(metal) - (mcΔT(water) = 0
What are 5 examples of physical change?
A physical change is a change that alters a substance's physical properties, such as size, shape, and state, without changing its chemical composition. Here are five examples of physical changes: Freezing, Melting, Boiling, Physical separation, Condensation.
Freezing: When a liquid is cooled to its freezing point, it becomes a solid. This is a physical change because the substance's chemical composition remains the same, but its state has changed from a liquid to a solid.
Melting: When a solid is heated to its melting point, it becomes a liquid. This is a physical change because the substance's chemical composition remains the same, but its state has changed from a solid to a liquid.
Boiling: When a liquid is heated to its boiling point, it becomes a gas. This is a physical change because the substance's chemical composition remains the same, but its state has changed from a liquid to a gas.
Condensation: When a gas is cooled, it becomes a liquid. This is a physical change because the substance's chemical composition remains the same, but its state has changed from a gas to a liquid.
Physical Separation: Physical separation is a process of separating a mixture of substances into its individual components. This can be done through different method such as filtration, centrifugation, distillation, etc. This is a physical change because the substances are physically separated, but their chemical compositions remain the same.
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