State two features that are shown by all molecules
Answers
ANSWER:
characteristics of molecules are:
1. Molecules have definite size and mass.
2. Molecules have space between them.
3. Molecules are in constant random motion.
4. A molecule has only one configuration
5. The mass is equal to sum of masses of all individual atoms in molecular structure
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All the molecules have definate size and definate mass, According to their function. :D
Related Questions
a water molecule is added to an atp molecule to break down atp into adp and a phosphate group. write the chemical equation that represents this reaction.
Answers
The chemical equation for the reaction when a water molecule is added to an atp molecule to break down atp into adp and a phosphate group is H2O + ATP -> ADP + Pi
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that can store chemical energy in high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds. These bonds can be split to release chemical energy, for example in muscles. This process is known as ATP hydrolysis. The end result is an inorganic phosphate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (Pi). Another inorganic phosphate, energy, and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) can all be produced from ADP by additional hydrolysis (Pi). The final step in converting food- or sun-derived energy into useful activities like muscle contraction, creating electrochemical gradients across membranes, and biosynthetic processes required for maintaining life, is ATP hydrolysis.
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Which statement is an example of a scientific theory?
A.
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, which came from pre-existing cells.
B.
Hummingbirds do not like the color white because they visit other colored flowers more often.
C.
The Earth is the third planet from the Sun and has one moon, which orbits the Earth.
D.
The amount that caffeine affects a person's heart rate differs based on the person's age.
Answers
Answer:
d
Explanation:
a theory is similar to a hypothesis except has backed up evidence already
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A is always true while the others are sometimes true, C is true in our galaxy, but not others. B is opinionated, different humming birds may like different colors. D is not considering other variables that could effect that situation, such as weight, height, blood pressure, etc. Therefore, A is correct.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a new formulation of an investigational drug most likely refers to which clinical phase of a study in humans?
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - Phase I.
Explanation:
Clinical phase are group of stages in which scientists or researchers conduct various experiments with a health intervention to get enough evidence for a process to use as a medical treatment. Clinical research is conducted on medical devices, drug candidates, and vaccine candidates.
In the phase I, in this phase intervention takes place in human subjects. These subject usually observed until several half-lives of the drug have passed. This phase is designed to assess the tolerability, pharmacokinetics, safety (pharmacovigilance), and pharmacodynamics of a drug
what are the functions of the vertebral column and braincase
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
vertebral column: the vertebral column, also called the spinal column, spine, or backbone, in vertebrate animals, is the flexible column extending from neck to tail, made of a series of bones, the vertebrae. The major function of the vertebral column is the protection of the spinal cord; it also provides stiffening for the body and attachment for the pectoral and pelvic girdles and many muscles. In humans, an additional function is to transmit body weight in walking and standing.
braincase: It houses the brain and cranial nerves, and it partially or completely encloses some cephalic sense organs (e.g., inner ear, eyeball, olfactory region). Moreover, the braincase provides an area of attachment for the musculature of the jaw and neck, as well as the bony articulation of the neck itself.
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The vertebral column provides axial support to the body and houses the spinal cord, while the braincase encloses and protects the brain. The functions of the vertebral column and braincase are given.
Functions of the Vertebral Column:The vertebral column performs the following functions:Provides protection: The vertebral column encases the spinal cord, which serves as the central nervous system conduit. It provides protection to the spinal cord, which is an essential part of the nervous system.Supports the upper body: The vertebral column helps to support the weight of the upper body. This weight-bearing role is crucial to the functioning of the lower back.
Supports the neck: The vertebral column serves as a support for the neck and the head. The neck is essential for movements of the head. Without a functioning neck, it would be impossible to move the head from side to side or up and down. Provides a flexible framework: The vertebral column provides a flexible framework that allows the body to bend and twist.
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Helicopter transport of patients was responsible for not only transport but also improved treatment of wounded soldiers due to in-flight care during:_________
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Helicopter transport of patients was responsible for not only transport but also improved treatment of wounded soldiers due to in-flight care during the Vietnam War.
What is the Vietnam War?From 1 November 1955 to 30 April 1975, when Saigon fell, there was a war in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Officially, North Vietnam and South Vietnam engaged in battle during the second Indochina War. The Cold War-era proxy war is commonly regarded as taking place in North Vietnam, which was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist allies, and South Vietnam, which was supported by the United States and other anti-communist friends. The United States' direct involvement ended in 1973 after a nearly 20-year duration.
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please answer this question
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If an individual has XX chromosome then the individual is a female
Who determines the gender of a baby?The two chromosomes found in the egg and sperm decide whether you will have a boy or a girl. Eggs have an X chromosome and sperm might have an X or Y chromosome. Whichever sperm wins will enter and fertilize the egg, resulting in a XX (girl) or XY (boy) pair.
In truth, maleness and femaleness are determined by factors other than X and Y chromosomes. One in every 20,000 guys lacks a Y chromosome and instead has two Xs. This indicates that there are around 7,500 guys in the United States who lack the Y chromosome.
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Which choice is not an example of a molecule?
O Mn
O H₂S
О КОН
O 03
Answers
You are trying to restriction-map a plasmid. An EcoRI digest gives you a 10 kb fragment, an XhoI digest gives you a 2 kb and an 8 kb fragment, and the double digest gives you fragments of 2, 3, and 5 kb. From these results, you deduce that the size of the plasmid is ______ kb, the number of EcoRI sites is ______, the number of XhoI sites is ______, and that there is an EcoRI site within the ______ kb XhoI fragment
Answers
There is an EcoRI site within the 8 kb X hoi fragment. The size of the plasmid is 15 kb (10 kb EcoRI fragment + 2 kb XhoI fragment + 3 kb XhoI fragment).The number of EcoRI sites is 1, and the number of XhoI sites is 2.
The size of the plasmid is _15 kb_. The number of EcoRI sites is _1_. The number of XhoI sites is _2_, and there is an EcoRI site within the _8 kb_ XhoI fragment.Explanation:To solve this question, we first need to understand what is Restriction mapping. Restriction mapping is a process of generating a map of DNA fragments from an unknown DNA sequence using restriction enzymes. When an unknown DNA sequence is cut with restriction enzymes, it generates a series of DNA fragments of different sizes.In the question above, the EcoRI digest gives a 10 kb fragment, the XhoI digest gives a 2 kb and an 8 kb fragment, and the double digest gives fragments of 2, 3, and 5 kb. Based on this information, we can find the number of sites for each of the enzymes.The 10 kb fragment was obtained using EcoRI. Therefore, the EcoRI site is present only once.
We can conclude that the plasmid is at least 10 kb in size. The 2 kb and 8 kb fragments were obtained using XhoI. Hence, the XhoI sites are present twice. The sum of the fragments obtained from the double digest (2, 3, and 5 kb) is 10 kb. Therefore, the remaining 5 kb is from the XhoI fragments, which are 2 kb and 8 kb in size.Therefore, the size of the plasmid is 10+2+8 = 20 kb. However, the sum of the fragments obtained from the double digest is 10 kb. This means that the XhoI site is present within the 10 kb EcoRI fragment, leaving 8 kb as the remaining XhoI fragment.
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The table shows the classification of four mammals found in Texas. Peccary Pronghorn Fallow Deer Elk Animalia Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Artiodactyla Order Artiodactyla Artiodactyla Artiodactyla Family Tayassuidae Cervidae Antilocapridae Cervidae Cervus Antilocapra Cervus Genus Tayassu Species T. tajacu C. elaphus A. americana Based on this table, which explanation best describes why elk and fallow deer are classified in the same genus? They are both in family Cervidae and share a more recent common ancestor. They mate and produce fertile offspring. C. dama They live in similar habitats. They are both in kingdom Animalia and have similar diets.
Answers
The fact that both elk and fallow deer belong to the Cervidae family and have a more recent common ancestor is the greatest justification for why they are included in the same genus.
Evolutionary relationships are the basis for classification, and similar organisms are placed in the same group. Elk and fallow deer have many traits, which is further supported by the fact that they belong to the same genus.
This suggests that they had a recent common ancestor. The other choices are not directly related to their genus categorization.
MammalsOrganisms are categorized in a hierarchical manner using evolutionary relationships. Four Texas-based mammals are categorized in the following table, including their kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. As members of the same genus, elk and fallow deer are more closely related to one another than to the other organisms in the table. This is due to the fact that they have a more recent common ancestor than the creatures in the table or other species share a common ancestor. They belong to the same family (Cervidae) in this instance, making them more closely related to one another than to peccary or pronghorn, which are members of distinct families.
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10. At a height of 50 miles above the Earth's surface, what is the temperature?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
It's hard to tell. I was looking at a diagram representing the atmosphere. 50 miles is right on the edge of the Mesosphere. The temperature is about - 135 or so. It does climb up to about - 49 according to the Royal BC Museum.
What might happen if the number of chromosomes within the cells did not change but new daughter cells were still made? (meiosis)
Answers
Answer:
No fertilization occurs.
Explanation:
No zygote is formed if the the number of chromosomes within the cells did not change or remain the same i.e. diploid because for the production of zygote, half number of chromosomes are required in both male and female sex cells or gametes. If the chromosomes are half in both gametes so they fuse with each other forming zygote having diploid cell so we can conclude that for the happening of fertilization process, half number of chromosomes in gametes is necessary if not, no fertilization occurs.
Biology is the study of life and living organisms. Experimentation is one method by which biologists pursue scientific explanations. How would a biologist know if the results of their experiments are valid? Give an explanation.
A. They are repeatable
B. They match their hypothesis
C. They are not measurable or repeatable
D. They can be used to design another experiment
Answers
Why do some researchers prefer to use embryonic stem cell in medical research?
A. There is no controversy surrounding the use of embryonic stem calls
B. The use of embryonic stem cell is much less expensive than the use of adult stem cells
C. No living tissue is damaged when scientists use embryonic stem cells
D. Embryonic stem cells are able to differentiate into a wider range of call than adult stem cells
Answers
Answer:
Cell therapies would use stem cells, or cells grown from stem cells, to replace or rejuvenate damaged tissue. Scientists also want to use stem cells to understand disease and find drugs that might treat it. Embryonic stem cells could be used to make more specialized tissues that have been lost to disease and injury
The researchers prefer to use embryonic stem cell in medical research as Embryonic stem cells are able to differentiate into a wider range of call than adult stem cells.
What are the functions of embryonic stem cells?A blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo, is the source of embryonic stem cells, which are pluripotent stem cells. Four to five days after fertilization, human embryos reach the blastocyst stage.
The human blastocyst, an early stage of the developing embryo that lasts from the fourth to seventh day after fertilization, contains embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in its inner cell mass. In typical undeveloped turn of events, they vanish after the seventh day.
The ability to differentiate into cell types belonging to the three germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm) is what is meant by the term "pluripotent." the three distinct types of tissue that are present during embryonic development and later combine to form the adult.
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A male and female robin fight for territory but mate in the spring. What kind of relationship exists between these organisms?
OA. Competition
OB. Predation
OC. Parasitism
OD. Commensalism
Answers
The kind of relationship that exists between the two robins is competition (option A).
What is competition in biology?Competition in biology is an interaction between organisms or species in which both require a resource that is in limited supply.
The limited resource can be biotic or abiotic such as;
MateFoodWaterTerritory or spaceAccording to this question, a male and female robin fight for territory but mate in the spring. This relationship is an example of competition.
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how information storing molecule that makes up chromosomes?
Answers
DNA is the information storing molecule that makes up chromosomes.
The information storing molecule is DNA. It contains information needed to create proteins, which are other large molecules, or macromolecules. These instructions are distributed throughout 46 lengthy structures called chromosomes and are found inside each of your cells.
Chromosomes are made up of numerous smaller pieces of DNA, known as genes. The instructions for constructing complete proteins, protein fragments, or numerous distinct proteins are stored in each gene. Genes are the smallest hereditary units of inheritance. They get transferred from one generation to another and cause similarities in the generations.
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Correct question is:
Which is the information storing molecule that makes up chromosomes?
True or False: The Sun has a greater gravitational force than Jupiter.
Explain:
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The Sun has a higher mass, and if measured from the same distance would exert a higher gravitational force than Jupiter.
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Why do organisms have vestigial
structures?
A. Scientists cannot agree on an answer.
B. The structure once served a function, but has not been
removed from the body plan.
C. Organisms often have structures that are created
through mutations.
Answers
Answer:
B.) The structure once served a function, but has not been removed from the body plan.
Explanation:
A.) is incorrect because there is a generally accepted theory as to why organisms have vestigial structures.
B.) is correct because this is the most widely held explanation argued by scientists. This theory is supported by the fossil record, close examination of the organisms' genes, and the knowledge that organisms don't have the extra energy to spend creating a body part that has never served any function.
C.) is incorrect because mutations with no advantage rarely become widespread amongst a species.
a force has direction and contact true or false
Answers
Answer:
Because a force is a vector that has a direction, it is common to represent forces using diagrams in which a force is represented by an arrow. In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate. ... A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity.
Therefore, yes
In rats, gene B produces black coat color if the genotype is B–, but black pigment is not produced if the genotype is bb. At an independent locus, gene D produces yellow pigment if the genotype is D–, but no pigment is produced when the genotype is dd.
Production of both pigments results in brown coat color. If neither pigment is produced, coat color is cream.
A third independently assorting gene involved in determination of coat color in rats is the C gene. At this locus, the genotype C– permits expression of pigment from genes B and D. The cc genotype, however, prevents expression of coat color and results in albino rats.
Determine the genotypes of parents that produce the following progeny: 916 brown; 316 black; 416albino.
Enter your answers separated by a comma. Express your answer using "_" where any allele is possible. For example, for BbD_CC enter BbD_CC.
Answers
The parents must have the following genotypes: B_D_Cc and B_ddCc.
This is because the brown progeny must have at least one B allele and one D allele, while the black progeny must have at least one B allele but no D alleles. The albino progeny must have two recessive c alleles, so both parents must be heterozygous for the C gene. Therefore, the genotypes of the parents are B_D_Cc and B_ddCc.
To further explain, let's look at each gene individually:
- For the B gene, both parents must have at least one dominant B allele in order to produce brown and black progeny.
- For the D gene, one parent must have at least one dominant D allele in order to produce brown progeny, while the other parent must have two recessive d alleles in order to produce black progeny.
- For the C gene, both parents must be heterozygous (Cc) in order to produce albino progeny.
By combining these genotypes for each gene, we get the overall genotypes of the parents: B_D_Cc and B_ddCc. These genotypes will produce the observed progeny of 916 brown, 316 black, and 416 albino.
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As the stomach contents enter the duodenum, their low pH stimulates endocrine cells in the lining of the duodenum to secrete the hormone secretin. In response, secretin stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate ions into ducts leading to the duodenum. Is this an example of a positive or negative feedback loop? Explain.
Answers
The statement "As the stomach contents enter the duodenum, their low pH stimulates endocrine cells in the lining of the duodenum to secrete the hormone secretin. In response, secretin stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate ions into ducts leading to the duodenum" is an example of a negative feedback loop.
What is a feedback loop?A feedback loop is a process in which the product or output of a procedure affects the input or method's response. It happens when a change in one aspect of the system causes a reaction that causes adjustments in a different component of the system, resulting in a chain reaction that can continue until the system reaches a steady state.
A negative feedback loop is one in which a change in a variable results in a response that counters or opposes the original modification. As the name implies, negative feedback aims to reduce changes in the internal and external environment to maintain equilibrium. For example, the human body uses negative feedback loops to maintain a constant body temperature.
A low pH is caused by the stomach contents entering the duodenum, which stimulates endocrine cells in the duodenum lining to secrete the hormone secretin. This hormone causes the pancreas to release bicarbonate ions into ducts leading to the duodenum, as stated in the statement. The bicarbonate ions inactivate the acidic content of the stomach, making the pH of the duodenum rise and reach a neutral level. As a result, the secretion of secretin is decreased, and the body's pH level is maintained in the correct range.
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Which correctly describes crossing over?
the process whereby non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material
the process whereby homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
the process whereby sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
the process whereby homologous chromosome pairs align randomly along the metaphase plate
Answers
The correct option is A ie the process whereby non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material
Between prophase I and metaphase I, a process known as crossing over occurs in which two homologous non-sister chromatids join up and exchange various pieces of genetic material to create two recombinant chromosome sister chromatids.When genetic material is switched between two chromosomes, this process is known as crossing over.It is in charge of causing genetic variation among members of a species.Only the reproductive cells known as gametes undergo this process.The steps involved in crossing over are as follows:1) Synapsis.
2) Chromosome duplication
3) Crossing over.
4) Terminalizataion.
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Answer: A.) the process whereby non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material
Explanation: trust
Cyanobacteria are capable of many biochemical reactions that other organisms depend on. In addition to being the primary prokaryotes to employ oxygenic photosynthesis, many cyanobacteria can make their fertilizer by "fixing" which element (that is, converting an inert form into a biologically useful form)?
Answers
Many cyanobacteria can make their fertilizer by "fixing" the element is Nitrogen that is, converting an inert form into a biologically useful form.
Numerous cyanobacteria, oxygenic photosynthetic microorganisms that can fix atmospheric nitrogen, are found in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial habitats. Ironically, nitrogenase, the enzyme that reduces nitrogen dioxide, is particularly vulnerable to oxygen. As a result, N2 fixation and oxygenic photosynthesis are incompatible. Since N2, a common source of nitrogen, is a limited resource, cyanobacteria have to develop a number of techniques to get around this dilemma. Heterocyst differentiation can occur in some filamentous cyanobacteria. These cells don't have an oxygenic photosystem, but they do have a glycolipid cell wall, which keeps the oxygen level low enough for nitrogen fixation to occur. The separation of oxygenic photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation in space is the term used to describe this tactic. By fixing nitrogen at night, nonheterocystous cyanobacteria can temporarily decouple these activities. Once more, other people combine these tactics.
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How are genetic modification and artificial selection similar?
Both result from human influences.
Both result from natural selection.
Both involve hybridization.
Both involve crossbreeding.
Answers
A. Both result from human influences.
Genetic modification and artificial selection are similar because both these techniques are the result of human influences.
What do you mean by Genetic modification?Genetic modification may be defined as a set of processes derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally.
Artificial selection is also defined by human interference and hence desired traits are carried forward that give advantages and high yield productivity to humans.
Therefore, Genetic modification and artificial selection are similar because both these techniques are the result of human influences.
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During the S phase of the cell cycle:
Answers
Answer:
DNA synthesis occurs in the S phase. The DNA in the nucleus is replicated. Each chromosomes multiplies into 2 identical chromosomes known as sister chromatids. Both chromatids contain the same copy of the DNA molecule. Both chromatids are joined at the centromeres
Explanation:
it's it from my textbook
why do you think so many russians classify themselves as nonreligious?
Answers
The reason that many Russians classify themselves as nonreligious is that during the Soviet Union's existence, irreligion served as the official state policy and was strictly upheld.
How does Russia feel about religion?A regulation enacted in 1997 distinguishes between "traditional" and "non-traditional" faiths in Russia when it comes to the freedom to practice religion. Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, and Christian Russian Orthodoxy are acknowledged as being native to the Russian people and are given unique rights.
With over half of all adherents, Russian Orthodoxy is currently the largest religious movement in the nation. The nonreligious still make up more than one-fourth of the population despite organized religion being suppressed by Soviet authorities for the majority of the 20th century.
Therefore, Christianity, notably Russian Orthodoxy, is the most frequently practiced religion in Russia, but there are sizable minorities of atheists and followers of other religions as well.
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__________ is uncontrolled cell growth.
Answers
Answer:
Cancer
Explanation:
Hope this helps :))
A person eats food prepared on a kitchen counter covered with living infectious bacteria. Which of the following best describes an example of how the bacteria might resist the person's nonspecific immune defenses?
Phagocytes that try to engulf the bacteria are soon destroyed by enzymes produced by the bacteria.
B cells are blocked from binding to the bacteria antigens because of enzymes secreted by the bacteria.
Infection would not be able to destroy the bacteria.
Plasma cells that would normally mark the bacteria for destruction are avoided by the bacteria.
Answers
Answer: Phagocytes that try to engulf the bacteria are soon destroyed by enzymes produced by the bacteria.
Explanation:
Answer:
Its A.
Explanation:
Phagocytes that try to engulf the bacteria are soon destroyed by enzymes produced by the bacteria.
I just took the test and got it correct.
Is the feedback positive or negative and why
“Receptors in the kidneys detect a low level of oxygen in the blood. The kidneys secrete a hormone that simulates red blood cell production. Soon, the level of oxygen on the blood begins to rise”
Answers
Answer:
this is a positive reaction because the hormones will cause oxygen to rise again
Classify each description aS true of introns oly: true of exons only: Or true of both introns and exons. Introns only Exons only Both introns and exons Answer Bank present in eukaryatic genomes present in the DNA used as the template for transcription code for 4 protein gencrally absent from bacterial genomes part of the final mRNA strand removed from initial mRNA strand prior translation
Answers
Let's classify each description as true of introns only, exons only, or true of both introns and exons:
1. Present in eukaryotic genomes: True of both introns and exons. Both introns and exons are present in eukaryotic genomes.
2. Code for protein: Exons only. Exons contain the coding sequences that are translated into proteins.
3. Generally, absent from bacterial genomes: True of introns only. Bacterial genomes typically lack introns.
4. Part of the final mRNA strand: Exons only. Exons are retained in the final mRNA strand after introns are removed during RNA processing.
Classification:
1. Present in eukaryotic genomes: Both introns and exons.
2. Present in the DNA used as the template for transcription: Both introns and exons.
3. Code for protein: Exons only.
4. Generally, absent from bacterial genomes: Introns only.
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Geologic Time Scale
Time Period Duration (Millions of Years ago)
Cenozoic 66-0
Mesozoic 252-66
Paleozoic 541-252
Trilobites appeared approximately 521 years ago and disappeared approximately 250 million years ago. During which era did the trilobites live?
a
Cenozoic
b
Mesozoic
c
Paleozoic
d
None of These
Answers
Answer:
C. Paleozoic
Explanation:
Trilobites are a group of extinct marine arthropods. Just like many animals from today, including crustaceans, spiders, and insects, they belonged to the phylum Arthropoda. They lived in the Paleozoic era.
We can make this conclusion based on the fact that the period they existed in (from 521 to 250 million years ago) mostly fits the period described as Paleozoic (from 541 to 252 million years ago). However, we can see that they went extinct in the Mesozoic (250 million years ago is more than 252 million years ago). Compared to the entire time they existed, 2 million years is a relatively small amount of time, which makes Paleozoic the correct option.