The British Doctors Study is an important study, which has followed participants for 60 years to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoking and cause specife mortality among British doctors. In 1951, a questionnaire on smoking habits was sent to 49,913 male and 10,323 female doctors registered with the British General Medical Council 34.440 male doctors and 6194 female doctors gave sufficient information to classify their smoking status (Doll and Pato, 1976: Doll et al, 1980). The vital status of these doctors was followed up from the records of the Registrar General's Office, the British Medical Council, and the British Medical Association. The causes of death for 10,072 male and 1094 female doctors who had died during the first 20 and 22 years of follow-up respectively were ascertained from death certificates. The rate of death from lung cancer among wokers was compared with that among non-smokers 1. What is the study type and design? 2. What is the best statistical measure ?

Answers

Answer 1

The British Doctors Study employed an observational cohort design to examine the relationship between smoking and cause-specific mortality. The study's findings, including the calculation of the relative risk, have contributed significantly to our understanding of the harmful effects of tobacco smoking on health.

1. The study type and design of the British Doctors Study can be described as an observational cohort study. It is an ongoing longitudinal study that has followed a large group of doctors over a period of 60 years. The study aims to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoking and cause-specific mortality among British doctors. The participants were surveyed about their smoking habits through a questionnaire, and their vital status and causes of death were tracked using various sources such as the Registrar General's Office, the British Medical Council, and the British Medical Association.

2. The best statistical measure for comparing the rate of death from lung cancer among smokers and non-smokers in the British Doctors Study would be the relative risk (RR). The relative risk compares the risk of an outcome (lung cancer death in this case) between two groups (smokers and non-smokers). It is calculated as the ratio of the risk of the outcome in the exposed group (smokers) to the risk of the outcome in the unexposed group (non-smokers).

A relative risk greater than 1 indicates an increased risk of lung cancer among smokers compared to non-smokers, while a relative risk less than 1 suggests a decreased risk. The relative risk provides valuable information on the magnitude of the association and helps assess the impact of smoking on lung cancer mortality among the doctors in the study.

learn more about mortality here:

https://brainly.com/question/31840190

#SPJ11


Related Questions

What is the greatest possible sum of one billion positive integers whose product is one billion?

Answers

There isn't one! It’s impossible so it’s zero

Is the coordinates of a point are 3 and 4?

Answers

The coordinates of the point at 3/4 of the distance from A to B from A is (-3.5, 1.25)

The coordinates of point A = (-5, -4),

The coordinates of the point B = (-3, 3)

Let the point at the distance 3/4 from A to B = P

The coordinates of point 3/4 from A to B = P

At the x-coordinate, the distance from B to A is =  -3-(-5) = 2 units.

At the y-coordinate, the distance from B to A is = 3-(-4) = 7 units.

Hence, the coordinates of P = (-5 + (3/4×(x-coordinate), -4 + 3/4×(y-coordinate)

                                            P = (-5 + (3/4×(2), -4 + 3/4×(7))

                                            P = (-3.5, 1.25)

Hence, the coordinates of the point at 3/4 of the distance from A to B from A is (-3.5, 1.25).

Read more about the section formula :

brainly.com/question/14812336

#SPJ4

The complete question is -

What are the coordinates of the point 3/4 of the way from A to B?

Is the coordinates of a point are 3 and 4?

Explore equivalent ratios by using the slider. Complete the sentences below. For every __ apples, there are 6 oranges.

Answers

Answer:

For every 2 apples, there are 6 oranges

Step-by-step explanation:

I got it on khan so trust me

(P. S. could u give me brainliest?)

2. Which statement below is true?
A: -(-5 ) = -0
B: -(-3) = -3
C: - (8) =8
D: - (-7) = 7

Answers

Answer:

D: -(-7) = 7 is the true statement!

Step-by-step explanation:

Well we know a negative multiplied by a negative makes a positive!

So for A: -(-5) = positive 5 which doesn't equal -0

B: -(-3) = positive 3 which doesn't equal -3

C: -(8) = negative 8 which doesn't equal 8

D: -(-7) = positive 7 which does equal 7!



4. What is the rate of change of the linear function that has a graph that passes
through the points (-1, 3) and (-2,-4)?

Answers

The rate of change of the function that has a graph that passes

through the points (-1, 3) and (-2,-4) is slope and is equal to 7.

The slope of a line is outlined because the amendment in y coordinate with relevancy the amendment in x coordinate of that line. cyber web amendment in y coordinate is Δy, whereas cyber web amendment within the x coordinate is Δx. The slope of a line is calculated victimisation 2 points lying on the line. Given the coordinates of the 2 points, we are able to apply the slope of line formula m = y₂ - y₁ / x₂ - x₁ where (x₁ ,y₁) are the coordinate of first point and (x₂ ,y₂) are the coordinate of second point.

We have given two points  (-1, 3) and (-2,-4) .

Rate of change of graph is given by slope

Using slope formula , we get

      m = -4 - 3 / -2 - (-1)

      m = -7 / -2 + 1

      m = -7 / -1

       m = 7

Learn more about slope here :

https://brainly.com/question/17248198

#SPJ9

I need your help on this.

I need your help on this.

Answers

Answer:

46 inches

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

The answer is 46 inches.

Step-by-step explanation:

138 / 3 = 46.

Find x and y

x=6 and y= 40.5

Find x and yx=6 and y= 40.5

Answers

Answer:

x=6 and y=40.5

Step-by-step explanation:

Since the marks on the side indicate that the sides are equivalent to each other,

x+12 = 3x

12=2x

x=6

The angles of a trapezoid add up to 360

360-18-18=324

324=4y+4y

324=8y

y=40.5

In the graphic below, one pair of vertical angles is
1
5
2
6
3
7
4
8
angles 1 and 6
angles 1 and 2
angles 1 and 3
angles 1 and 5

In the graphic below, one pair of vertical angles is15263748angles 1 and 6angles 1 and 2angles 1 and

Answers

The answer is angles 1 and 6.
Vertical angles are equal to each other and you can simply identify them by seeing if they’re next to each other separated by the intersection.
1 and 2 are supplementary.
1 and 3 are alternate angles.
1 and 5 are supplementary.

What was the estimated population population of Rhode Island in 1760?

What was the estimated population population of Rhode Island in 1760?

Answers

Answer:

D. 45,000

Hope this helps :)

Is -2.75 a whole number, integer or ration number

Answers

Answer:

Integer

Step-by-step explanation:

Look it up it will give you an answer

Its going to be a rational number and integer, since Integers are whole numbers and their opposites {..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}. equal to zero that do not have a fraction or decimal {0, 1, 2, 3, ...}. Whole numbers are a subset of integers. All whole numbers are integers.

The Temperature decreased from 71.50 F to 56.80 F overnight. How much did the temperature drop? Find the difference.

Answers

Answer:

Temperature difference: 14.70°F

Step-by-step explanation:

Since the temperature decreased from 71.50°F to 56.80°F, we could determine the temeprature difference by subtracting the given temperatures:

71.50°F - 56.80°F = 14.70°F

Therefore, the temperature decreased by 14.70°F overnight.

Do All slope triangles have a ratio of 1/5?

Answers

The slope angle for all of the slope triangles is 11° and all the slope ratios are equal since they all equal 1/5

What is the slope of the line represented by the equation y= 2x+4?
1
2.
1
4
4
O
2

Answers

Answer:

slope = 2

Step-by-step explanation:

The equation of a line in slope- intercept form is

y = mx + c ( m is the slope and c the y- intercept )

y = 2x + 4 ← is in slope- intercept form

with slope m = 2

6) Bill is three times older than Kevin. He is also 28 years older than Kevin. How old are they?

Answers

Answer:

If bill is 28 years older than him, but also 3 times older than him, then you divide 28 by 3, which gives you 9.3. So that means kevin is around 9 1/4 years old and bill is around 37 and 1/4 years old, but you dont ahve to count the fraction if you dont want to, all that matters is the whole number.

Step-by-step explanation:

Bill is 42, while Kevin is 14 years old

Represent Bill's age with B, and Kevin's age with K.

So, we have the following equations

B = 3K and B = 28 + K

Substitute 3K for B in the second equation

\(3K = 28 + K\)

Collect like terms

\(-K + 3K = 28\)

\(2K = 28\)

Divide both sides by 2

\(K = 14\)

Substitute 14 for K in the first equation

\(B =3 \times 14\)

\(B =42\)

Hence, Bill is 42, while Kevin is 14 years old

Read more about equations at:

https://brainly.com/question/2972832

Let P(A)=0.60,P(B)=0.25, and P(A∩B) =0.15. a. Calculate P(A∣B). (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) b. Calculate P(A∪B). (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) answer to 2 decimal places.

Answers

P(A|B) = 0.60, which means that given event B has occurred, the probability of event A occurring is 0.60.  P(A∪B) = 0.70, which represents the probability of event A or event B or both occurring.

a. The probability of A given B, denoted as P(A|B), can be calculated using the formula:

P(A|B) = P(A∩B) / P(B)

Given that P(A∩B) = 0.15 and P(B) = 0.25, we can substitute these values into the formula:

P(A|B) = 0.15 / 0.25

The result is P(A|B) = 0.60.

b. The probability of A union B, denoted as P(A∪B), can be calculated using the formula:

P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B)

Given that P(A) = 0.60, P(B) = 0.25, and P(A∩B) = 0.15, we can substitute these values into the formula:

P(A∪B) = 0.60 + 0.25 - 0.15

The result is P(A∪B) = 0.70.

Learn more about Probability here : brainly.com/question/31828911

#SPJ11

You have a sampleof foam with a mass of 100 grams. The density of foam is 0.25 g/cm3. What is the volume of the foam?

Answers

Answer:

  400 cm³

Step-by-step explanation:

You want to know the volume of a 100 g sample of foam with a density of 0.25 g/cm³.

Volume

The relation between volume, mass, and density is ...

  density = mass/volume

Solving for volume gives ...

  volume = mass/density

Application

Using the given values, we find the volume of the foam to be ...

  volume = (100 g)/(0.25 g/cm³) = 400 cm³

The volume of the foam is 400 cm³.

Polygon ABCD is dilated, rotated, and translated to form polygon A′B′C′D′. The endpoints of are at (0, -7) and (8, 8), and the endpoints of are at (6, -6) and (2, 1.5). What is the scale factor of the dilation?

Answers

Answer:

1/2

Step-by-step explanation:

Plato. just had it

Answer:

The answer is 1/2

Step-by-step explanation:

Determine all horizontal asymptotes of f(x) = x - 2/x^2 + 2 + 2 Determine all vertical asymptotes of f(x) = x - 2/x^2 - 11 + 2 Which of the functions do not have any vertical no horizontal aysmptotes? (a) sin x (b) 5 (c) e^x (d) Inx (e) x^-1 Differentiate: (a) sin(x^2) (b) sin^2x (c) e^1/x (d)In x - 1/x^3 + 1 (e) cos(squareroot 3x)

Answers

Setting the denominator equal to zero and factoring, we get:

x^2 - 11x + 2 = 0

Determine all horizontal asymptotes of f(x) = (x - 2)/(x^2 + 2x + 2)

To find the horizontal asymptotes of f(x), we need to examine the limit of f(x) as x approaches positive or negative infinity.

As x approaches infinity, the terms involving x^2 and 2x become insignificant compared to x^2. Thus, we can simplify the function by ignoring the terms containing x:

f(x) ≈ x/x^2 = 1/x

As x approaches negative infinity, we can make a similar simplification:

f(x) ≈ -x/x^2 = -1/x

Therefore, we can conclude that the function f(x) has two horizontal asymptotes, y = 0 and y = -1.

Determine all vertical asymptotes of f(x) = (x - 2)/(x^2 - 11x + 2)

To find the vertical asymptotes of f(x), we need to look for values of x that make the denominator of f(x) equal to zero. These values would make the function undefined.

To learn more about denominator visit:

brainly.com/question/7067665

#SPJ11

Is a rectangle a similar polygon?

Answers

For instance, a rectangle is a four-sided polygon that only has equal opposed sides but equal-sized angles. It is therefore an irregular polygon.

Equilateral (all sides are the same length) and equiangularity are requirements for a regular polygon (all angles of the same measure). Rectangles have equal angles. It cannot ever be regular since none of its sides can ever be the same length.

It is a regular quadrilateral as well.

due to the same length of its sides and angles. Like a rectangle, a square has four angles that are 90 degrees. It can also be visualized as a rectangle with equal lengths on its two adjacent edges.

To learn more about polygon click here:

brainly.com/question/24464711

#SPJ4

Most employers require their prospective employees to take a drug test. If the employee tests positive, that means the person uses illegal drugs. According to research (https://www.cbsnews.com/news/drug tests-not-immune-from-false positives/e), not all people that test positive actually use illegal drugs. Assume that 6% of prospective employees actually use illegal drugs. The false positive rate is 5% (person does NOT use illegal drugs, but they test positive), The false negative rate is 10% (person DOES use illegal drugs but they test negative), Draw and label a tree diagram (30 points) and answer the question below (MAKE SURE TO SHOW ALL WORK: (20 points) What percent of prospective employees who test positive actually use illegal drugs? Upload Choose a File

Answers

Approximately 53.47% of prospective employees who test positive actually use illegal drugs.

we will use a tree diagram and the given information: 6% of prospective employees actually use illegal drugs, the false positive rate is 5%, and the false negative rate is 10%.
Step 1: Draw a tree diagram:
- First level: divide into two branches, one for "Uses Drugs (6%)" and one for "Does Not Use Drugs (94%)".
- Second level: under "Uses Drugs", divide into two branches, "Tests Positive (90%)" and "Tests Negative (10%)". Under "Does Not Use Drugs", also divide into two branches, "Tests Positive (5%)" and "Tests Negative (95%)".
Step 2: Calculate the probabilities:
- Probability of using drugs and testing positive: 0.06 * 0.9 = 0.054
- Probability of not using drugs and testing positive: 0.94 * 0.05 = 0.047
Step 3: Determine the percentage of prospective employees who test positive and actually use illegal drugs:
- Add the probabilities of testing positive (both using and not using drugs): 0.054 + 0.047 = 0.101
- Divide the probability of using drugs and testing positive by the total probability of testing positive: 0.054 / 0.101 ≈ 0.5347
for such more question on prospective

https://brainly.com/question/24877689

#SPJ11

Find the volume of the described solid of revolution or state that it does not exist. The region bounded by f(x) = (x - 1)^-1/4 and the x-axis on the interval (1, 6] is revolved about the x-axis. Set up the integral that should be used to find the volume of the solid. Use increasing limits of integration. (Type exact answers.) Find the volume or state that it does not exist. Select the correct answer and, if necessary, fill in the box to complete your choice. A. The volume is cubic units. (Type an exact answer.) B. The volume does not exist.

Answers

The correct option is A. The volume is 6.77 cubic units

The function and interval given are f(x) = (x - 1)^-1/4 and the x-axis on the interval (1, 6].

We want to find the volume of the solid of revolution when the region is rotated about the x-axis.

Let's consider the graph of the function: graph{(x-1)^(-1/4) [-10, 10, -5, 5]}

To set up the integral to find the volume of the solid of revolution, we can use the disk method.

We need to integrate the area of each disk perpendicular to the x-axis from x = 1 to x = 6.

The area of a disk is given by the formula: A = πr²

where r is the radius of the disk and is equal to f(x) in this case.

Therefore, the area of a disk is: A = πf(x)²

Let's substitute f(x) into this formula and integrate from x = 1 to x = 6 to get the volume of the solid.

We have The integral that should be used to find the volume of the solid is given as:

V = ∫₁⁶ πf(x)² dx

We substitute f(x) = (x - 1)^(-1/4) into this expression and integrate to get the volume.

We have: V = ∫₁⁶ π(x - 1)^(-1/2) dx

Let u = x - 1, so that du/dx = 1 and dx = du.

When x = 1, u = 0, and when x = 6, u = 5.

Therefore, we have: V = ∫₀⁵ πu^(-1/2) du= 2π[u^(1/2)]₀⁵= 2π(√5 - 1) ≈ 6.77 cubic units.

The volume of the solid of revolution when the region is rotated about the x-axis is approximately 6.77 cubic units.

Thus, the correct option is A. The volume is 6.77 cubic units.

To know more about disk method visit:

https://brainly.com/question/28184352

#SPJ11

How can I solve this problem?

How can I solve this problem?

Answers

a) The down payment of $60,000 is 30% for a studio apartment of $200,000 purchase price

b) The  down payment of $90,000 is 45% for a studio apartment of $200,000 purchase price.

Given,

The purchase price for the studio apartment = $200,000

The down payment they paid = $60,000

a) We have to find the percentage of down payment to purchase price.

Here,

Percentage = (down payment x 100) / purchase price

= (60,000 x 100) / 200,000

= 60/2

= 30

That is,

The down payment of $60,000 is 30% for a studio apartment of $200,000 purchase price.

b) We have to find the percentage to purchase price if the down payment is $90,000

Here,

Percentage = (down payment x 100) / purchase price

= (90,000 x 100) / 200,000

= 90/2

= 45

That is,

The  down payment of $90,000 is 45% for a studio apartment of $200,000 purchase price.

Learn more about percentage of down payment here;

https://brainly.com/question/26831770

#SPJ1

How much is 3 nines?

Answers

Answer:

to the third power ?

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

The answer is 27!

Step-by-step explanation:

9 plus 9 equals 18 plus 9 equals 27!

how do you do factors of 5 grade

Answers

Answer:

If we divide 5 by any other integer, then the remainder will be a non-zero positive integer.

Step-by-step explanation:

the unit value of a cubic centimeter is the same as which metric measurement?

Answers

Answer: The unit value of a cubic centimeter (cm^3) is the same as the metric measurement of a milliliter (mL).

This is because 1 milliliter is equal to 1 cubic centimeter. In other words, if you have a cube that measures 1 centimeter on each side, its volume would be 1 cubic centimeter, which would also be equivalent to 1 milliliter of volume.

This relationship between cm^3 and mL is commonly used in scientific and medical measurements involving liquids and gases.

The unit value of a cubic centimeter (cc) is equivalent to one milliliter (mL) in the metric system. Both cubic centimeters and milliliters are used to measure volume, and their conversion is straightforward: 1 cc = 1 mL.

The metric system uses base units such as meters, liters, and grams, and applies prefixes like kilo-, centi-, and milli- to indicate larger or smaller units of measurement.
Cubic centimeters are often used to measure the volume of solid objects or the capacity of containers, while milliliters are more commonly used to measure the volume of liquids. However, both units represent the same volume and can be used interchangeably.
It is important to understand the difference between volume measurements and other metric measurements, such as length or mass. For instance, meters are used to measure length or distance, and grams are used to measure mass or weight. These units cannot be directly converted to cubic centimeters or milliliters, as they represent different physical properties.
In summary, a cubic centimeter (cc) is a unit of volume in the metric system that is equivalent to one milliliter (mL). Both units can be used to measure volume, and they have a simple conversion of 1 cc = 1 mL. Understanding the relationship between these units and other metric measurements is essential for accurately quantifying and comparing different physical properties.

To learn more about a cubic centimeter, refer:-

https://brainly.com/question/16670888

#SPJ11

The distance between each base on a baseball diamond is 70 feet. How far would a player have to throw the ball to get it from 1st base to 3rd base? Round your answer to the nearest tenth and label your answer.

Answers

Answer:

140

Step-by-step explanation:

From the 1st base to the 2nd base is 70 feet.

From 2nd base to 3rd base is 140 because 70×2=140.

Another way to do this is 70+70=140.

Hopefully this helps :)

please help, thank you if you do help me

please help, thank you if you do help me

Answers

Answer:

Question 1: -3

Question 2: 5

Step-by-step explanation:

Question 1's value decreses by 3 so the answer is -3 :)

Question 2's value increases by 5 so the answer is 5 :)

Have an amazing day!!

Please rate and mark brainliest!!

A storm that moved through several states at a speed of 60 miles per hour affected 219 miles of land. What did that make the storm

Answers

The longest tornado ever recorded spanned 219 miles of land as it swept through many states at a pace of 60 miles per hour.

What are the importance of vector calculus?A tornado could cause a natural disaster to wreak havoc in significant geographic areas.A violent column of air between a thunderstorm and the earth is what is known as a tornado.In severe tornadoes, winds exceeding 200 miles per hour (h) are not uncommon.In conclusion, the longest tornado ever recorded affected 219 miles of land as it swept through many states at a speed of 60 miles per hour.Mathematically, a tornado is vector calculus with a fury. Severe storms are the result of the interaction of the two scalar forces of pressure and humidity with the vector field known as wind.

To learn more about tornado, refer to:

https://brainly.com/question/29099905

#SPJ4

You have 84 feet of streamers. You cut 24 pieces that are each 1/2 yard long. How many feet of streamers do you have left?

Answers

Answer:

48

Step-by-step explanation:

If we have 84 feet of streamers. You cut 24 pieces that are each 1/2 yard long then 48 feet of streamers we left.

What is Unit of Measurement ?

A unit of measurement is a definite magnitude of a quantity, defined and adopted by convention or by law, that is used as a standard for measurement of the same kind of quantity.

Given that we have a 84 feet of streamers.

You cut 24 pieces that are each 1/2 yard long.

Need to find the feet of streamers we left.

We know that 1 yard is equal to 3 feet.

Therefore, 1/2 yard is equal to 1.5 feet.

The total length of the streamers that were cut is:

24 pieces x 1.5 feet/piece = 36 feet

To find out how much streamer is left, we can subtract the length of the cut streamers from the total length we started with:

84 feet - 36 feet = 48 feet

Therefore, you have 48 feet of streamers left.

To learn more on Unit of Measurement click:

https://brainly.com/question/14026238

#SPJ2

If I work over 40hrs a week, I should get paid overtime which is 1.5 times my hourly rate for each hour over 40. True or False​

Answers

False


Cause if you work still like double shift you still gonna get the same amount of money you gonna get
Other Questions
which is true about qualitative research ? a. on the collection of numeric information involves the gathering of subjective materials b. attempts to have tight control over the research context involves deductive processes Which of the following are the most significant effects that bicameralism has on the legislative process?creates more access for interest groupsincreases compromiselessens the chances of bad laws getting passed Cual es la formula de 4-etil-5-propil-3,4,7-trimetildecano 3. (10 marks) Suppose = fx|Y=y(3) fy(y) = yexp(-yx) 1[r>0] exp(-y)1[y>0} (a) Find the joint probability density function f(x,y). (3 marks) (b) Using the joint probability density function, find the marginal probability density function of X. (5 marks) (c) Find the conditional probability density function fy|x=z. (2 marks) Yung Su is dissatisfied with the current political party in Presidential office. She decides to gather a group who feel as she does to publicly voice their opinions in the middle of the city square and gives a speech outlining the faults of the party, the mistakes of the President, and the overall failure of the administration.Constitutional; 1st AmendmentUnconstitutional; 1st AmendmentConstitutional; 2st AmendmentUnconstitutional; 1st Amendment a business that has too little working capital can take what action? The fertiary structure of a protein is a complex wangement formed as the polypeptide chain folds and twists. The folding and twisting of the polypeptide chain is caused by different interactions hotween the side chains of the amino acids. The side chains of the amino acids also interact with the surrounding aqueous environment. Identify the different types of active forces interactions present in the given tertiary structure of a proton moleculo Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. For each of the following definition select the correct term Definition Term The majority of banks' assets are in the form of The nuk that depositor will demand more cash than banks can immediately provide Generate revenue and provide banks with liquidity: take a walk in your workplace (or if you are not working, look at your living space, dining area or any other daily examples) a. assess each element of 5s b. how might you improve 5s in your selected example? Find the length of the side labeled x. Round intermediate values to the nearest tenth. Use the rounded values to calculate the next value. Round your final answer to the nearest tenth. A graduate student researching the genetics of mouse coat color identifies another lineage of true-breedingblack mouse. When this mouse is crossed to true-breedingagouti mice, all progeny were agouti. The studentcrossed the new mutant to aa mice and found that all of the F1 progeny were agouti.What can the graduate student conclude about the genetic basis of this new coat color mutation? (a)The new allele is at the agouti locus.(b)The new allele is at a locus that is not agouti.(c)The two black alleles act epistatically.(d)The two black alleles show incomplete dominance how far is the pitcher's mound from home plate in high school ken was introduced to steroids by a friend at the gym. ken is trying to decipher fact from fiction. which statement about steroids is true? How did Buddhism become the most pervasive religioustradition of East Asia? Rick is the CFO of Hard Hat Equipment INC. The company is privately held and is in the business of making equipment for the construction industry. To expand its business, the leadership of the company is planning to build a new factory where processes are automated. This will result in a higher quality of construction equipment and enables the company to manufacture more products per month.It is estimated that the cost of building this new factory and making it operational will cost $10 Million. In the last 5 years, the economy has gone through a construction boom and Hard Hat Equipment INC has been profitable. Through year-on-year high and positive retained earnings, the company has accumulated a cash position of $5 Million and the leadership has decided that it will use $4 Million of it towards building this new factory. The remaining $6 Million will be financed with new debt.Hard Hat Equipment INC currently has debt on its books, with an average maturity of 10 years. The yield-to-maturity (YTM) of its current debt is 8.0% and its marginal tax rate is 25%.If Rick is confident that he can raise new debt at the same YTM as its current debt. What is the after-tax cost of debt for this new project of financing a new factory? (5 points)After a lengthy discussion with the companys investment bankers, Rick managed to secure new debt financing of $6 Million for the new factory. The YTM of the new bonds that were issued was 10%.Give one reason why the YTM of the new bonds is higher than the YTM of the companys existing debt. (5 points)To calculate the WACC, the cost-of-equity must first be determined. One of Ricks direct reports recommend using the pure play approach where the Beta is estimated off a publicly traded company. Using that approach, a Beta estimate of 1.1 is used for the equity portion of the financing. Assuming a market premium of 10% and a risk-free rate of 4%.I. Calculate the Cost-of-Equity for this new factory project (5 points)II. Calculate the WACC for this new factory project (5 points)Rick disagreed with his teams calculation of the cost of equity. He argues that because this is a private company, and all the cash financing came from retained earnings which the company generated itself; the cost of equity should be zero! After all, why should the company be penalized for using its own money?I. Is Rick correct? (2 points)II. Explain your answer (3 points) refer to exercise 7.11. suppose that in the forest fertilization problem the population standard deviation of basal areas is not known and must be estimated from the sample. if a random sample of n = 9 basal areas is to be measured, find two statistics g1 and g2 such that p (g1 ( y - u ) g2 ) = 90 the three bins represent three important properties of stars. What are the items that we must measure in orrder to determine each property into the three bins.Luminosity ________Surface Temperature________ Mass________ Consider the second order differential equation with initial conditions u" - 4u' 5.5u = -4.5 sin(3t), u(1) = 1, u' (1) = 2.5. Without solving it, rewrite the differential equation as an equivalent set of first order equations. In your answer use the single letter u to represent the function and the single letter v to represent the "velocity function" u'. Do not use u(t) or v(t) to represent these functions. Expressions like sin(t) that represent other functions are OK. u' = V = Now write the first order system using matrices: U d 40-6 = + dt V The initial value of the vector valued solution for this system is: u(1) [3] -[ v(1) 1. A block of wood floats in water with 0.6m in projecting above the surface. When placed in glycerin of specific gravity 1.35, the block projects 0.25m in above the liquid surface. Determine a) the specific gravity of the wood b) the density of wood in a school of hundred students, 40 are in the hockey team and 70 are in the football team.Each student is in at least one team. Find the number of students who are in both teams.