the class shirt extends the clothing class. to make the class dressshirt inherit the functionality of both clothing and shirt its class header would be:
Group of answer choices
public class DressShirt inherits Shirt, Clothing
public class DressShirt inherits Shirt
public class DressShirt extends Shirt
public class DressShirt extends Shirt, Clothing
If Shirt inherits Clothing, then Shirt has direct access to the ______ members of Clothing
Group of answer choices
public and protected
public
private
protected
private and protected
Shirt inherits Clothing. What is the first thing that must happen in the Shirt constructor?
Group of answer choices
Initialize the required Shirt fields
Call the Clothing constructor
Create all objects required for Shirt fields
Map the parameters coming into the constructor to Shirt fields

Answers

Answer 1

The correct answer for the first question is: public class DressShirt extends Shirt, Clothing. The correct answer for the second question is: protected members of Clothing.

The correct answer for the third question is: Call the Clothing constructor. To make the class DressShirt inherit the functionality of both Clothing and Shirt, its class header would bethe class shirt extends the clothing class. to make the class dress shirt inherit the functionality of both clothing and shirt its class header would be.

public class DressShirt inherits Shirt, Clothing public class DressShirt inherits Shirt public class DressShirt extends Shirtpublic class DressShirt extends Shirt, Clothing. Your answer: public class DressShirt extends Shirt If Shirt inherits Clothing, then Shirt has direct access to the members of Clothing, Your answer: Call the Clothing constructor.

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Answer 2

The correct answer to the first question is: public class DressShirt extends Shirt, Clothing constructor.

The correct answer to the second question is: public and protected.

The correct answer to the third question is: Call the Clothing constructor.

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Related Questions

A group of scientists studied the environmental impact of internal combustion engines burning hydrocarbon fuels. The scientist equipped four vehicles with devices to capture and measure particulate emissions. One vehicle burned diesel fuel, one burned ordinary gasoline, one burned a gasoline/ethanol mixture and one burned natural gas. The four vehicles have equal masses and carried identical cargo. The scientists drove each vehicle 400 km, recording the volume of fuel burns in the quantity of particulate emissions generated. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Answers

Answer: Combustion of Hydrocarbons

Explanation:

The Independent variable in an experiment is the one whose effect on the dependent variable is being measured. The independent variable therefore is controlled to see the effect it will have in the experiment.

In this experiment, the scientists combusted different types of hydrocarbons (diesel, gasoline, natural gas and a gasoline/ethanol mixture) as they aimed to find out the effect that this burning would have on the environment thereby making the combustion of hydrocarbons the independent variable.

Answer:

A. Type of Fuel

Explanation: The quantity of particulate Matter (PM) primarily depends upon the type of fuel used. Fine carbonaceous particles are mainly responsible for PM emissions. Diesel fueled vehicle engines are a major source of particulate emissions.

What is the meaning of beauty and completeness? In relation to these what are the attributes a Muslim should adopt?

Answers

ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇᴛᴇɴᴇꜱꜱ ᴍᴇᴀɴꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇ ᴏꜰ ʙᴇɪɴɢ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇᴛᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴇɴᴛɪʀᴇ; ʜᴀᴠɪɴɢ ᴇᴠᴇʀʏᴛʜɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɪꜱ ɴᴇᴇᴅᴇᴅ.

ʙᴇᴀᴜᴛʏ ᴍᴇᴀɴꜱ combination of qualities, such as shape, colour, or form, that pleases the aesthetic senses, especially the sight.

Which type of electrical system tool checks power in
12-volt circuits in a vehicle to see if current is flowing?

A test light
B timing light
C oscilloscope
D scan tool

Answers

Were you provided a formula sheet for this
The answer will D by scan to

Multiple integers are read and inserted into a linked list of FalconNodes. For each integer greater than or equal to 4 in the linked list of FalconNodes, print the integer followed by " is a lot of falcons" on a new line. Ex: If the input is 1 5, then the output is: 5 is a lot of falcons 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 cin >> count; headFalcon = new FalconNode (count); lastFalcon = headFalcon; for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) { cin >> inputValue; currFalcon = new FalconNode (inputValue); lastFalcon->InsertAfter (currFalcon); lastFalcon = currFalcon; /* Your code goes here */ return 0;

Answers

The required code for a linked list of FalconNodes is given below.

Answer:

The solution of the given problem is given below:

#include using namespace std;

int main() {    int inputValue;    

int count;    

FalconNode* headFalcon;    

FalconNode* lastFalcon;    

FalconNode* currFalcon;    

cin >> count;    

headFalcon = new FalconNode (count);    

lastFalcon = headFalcon;    

for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {        cin >> inputValue;        

currFalcon = new FalconNode (inputValue);        

lastFalcon->InsertAfter (currFalcon);        

lastFalcon = currFalcon;        

if(inputValue>=4){    /* Code */    cout<

Thus, the code is given above.

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A compressor, which squeezes air more and more tightly, is a vital component in a(n)
A)
hydraulic system.
B)
pneumatic system.
C)
mechanical system
D)
electrical system

Answers

Answer:

b.) pneumatic system

Explanation:

This system uses compressed air to transmit and control energy

In this exercise we have to identify which system uses air to work, so we have:

The pneumatic sytem.

What is the pneumatic system?

Pneumatic systems are a series of interconnected components that use compressed air to perform movements in automated equipment.

In this way we can say that pneumatic systems are elements that transmit energy from the pressure of a gaseous fluid, such as compressed air. The operating principle is quite similar to that of the hydraulic system, using gaseous fluid instead of liquid fluid.

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the highway department paves one section of an interstate with type a concrete and ajoining section with type b concrete and observes how long it takes until cracks appear in each.
a. Observational
b. Experimental

Answers

This scenario can be described as an experimental study. An experiment involves manipulating variables to observe the effects on an outcome.

In this case, the highway department manipulates the type of concrete used (Type A and Type B) and observes the time taken for cracks to appear in each section. The explanation for this conclusion is that by actively controlling the type of concrete used, the department can compare the performance and durability of both types, allowing them to make informed decisions about which concrete is more suitable for future use. In an observational study, no variables would be intentionally manipulated; rather, the researcher would simply observe and gather data without any intervention.

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There are three components of a new electric transportation device that is currently being developed, i) body, ii) engine and iii) battery. For each component, there are three design options to choose from. Carbonfiber, Aluminium, Steel for the body, and three power levels for the DC motor (30kW, 35kW and 40kW) for the engine, and three different chemistries to use for the batteries (Cobalt, Manganese, Phosphate).
Any failure of any component would cause a device failure and the designers aim to minimise the probability of that within their limited design budgets. The body options have 2 in 1000, 3 in 1000, 1 in 1000 failure rates, and would cost $213, $117 and $311 respectively for Carbonfiber, Aluminium, and Steel. Engines cost $297, $391 and $193, and have failure rates of 3 in 1000, 2 in 1000, and 4 in 1000, respectively for 30kW, 35kW and 40kW options. Cobalt, Manganese and Phosphate batteries have the failure rates of 3 in 1000, 5 in 1000, and 4 in 1000, and cost $284, $162, and $197 respectively. With a budget of $600, how much of the budget needs to be spent to minimise the risk of failure of this new device.

Answers

he entire budget of $600 needs to be spent on this combination to minimize the risk of failure of the new device.

The best way to approach this problem is by calculating the expected value of each component using the failure rates and the cost of each design option. We then choose the combination of components that minimizes the overall expected cost and lies within the given budget of $600. Let's calculate the expected values for each component:For the body:Carbonfiber: Expected cost = 2/1000 * $213 = $0.426Aluminium: Expected cost = 3/1000 * $117 = $0.351Steel: Expected cost = 1/1000 * $311 = $0.311For the engine:30kW: Expected cost = 3/1000 * $297 = $0.89135kW: Expected cost = 2/1000 * $391 = $0.78240kW: Expected cost = 4/1000 * $193 = $0.772For the battery:Cobalt: Expected cost = 3/1000 * $284 = $0.852Manganese: Expected cost = 5/1000 * $162 = $0.81Phosphate: Expected cost = 4/1000 * $197 = $0.788The expected cost of the new device for each combination of components is given below:Carbonfiber-30kW-Cobalt: Expected cost = $0.426 + $0.891 + $0.852 = $2.169Aluminium-30kW-Cobalt: Expected cost = $0.351 + $0.891 + $0.852 = $2.094Steel-30kW-Cobalt: Expected cost = $0.311 + $0.891 + $0.852 = $2.054Carbonfiber-35kW-Cobalt: Expected cost = $0.426 + $0.782 + $0.852 = $2.06Aluminium-35kW-Cobalt: Expected cost = $0.351 + $0.782 + $0.852 = $1.985Steel-35kW-Cobalt: Expected cost = $0.311 + $0.782 + $0.852 = $1.945Carbonfiber-40kW-Cobalt: Expected cost = $0.426 + $0.772 + $0.852 = $2.05Aluminium-40kW-Cobalt: Expected cost = $0.351 + $0.772 + $0.852 = $1.975Steel-40kW-Cobalt: Expected cost = $0.311 + $0.772 + $0.852 = $1.935The combination of Aluminium-35kW-Cobalt minimizes the expected cost and lies within the given budget of $600. The expected cost for this combination is $1.985, which is less than the budget of $600.

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1. Which of these best describes a programming language?
a. A set of rules where symbols represent actions.
b. A set of spoken commands for a robot.
c. An action performed by a robot.
d.
A list of behaviors the robot already completed.

Answers

The phrase "system of rules where symbols represent actions" sums up programming languages the best.

What best describes a programming language?

Symbols that represent actions are used in a computer language's set of rules. Programming languages are the set of instructions that a computer uses to carry out projects. A programming language is a vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules for telling a computer or other computing equipment to carry out particular tasks.

High-level languages such as BASIC, C, C++, COBOL, Java, FORTRAN, Ada, and Pascal are typically referred to as programming languages. instruction. The principles that specify how a language is structured are known as syntax. In computer programming, syntax refers to the rules that govern how words, punctuation, and symbols are organized in a programming language. To define algorithms or write programs to control a machine's behavior, programmers utilize programming languages.

Therefore the correct answer is option A ) A set of rules where symbols represent actions.

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The construction of a new ultraviolet water treatment facility stalls, not because of a failure of materials or
an improper allocation of resources, but because of a failure to properly account for the filtration and
disposal of sediment from the water. What engineering task likely needs more attention to avoid this
problem?
O computation of specialized labor needs
O planning of hydraulic and transportation structures
O assessment of overall feasibility of project
o assessment of the limitations of material stress factors
ninetinn H0
< PREVIOUS
NEXT >
E
SAVE
SU

Answers

Answer:

planning of hydraulic and transportation structures

In python, how would I randomize numbers and insert them into a file?

Answers

Random integer values can be generated with the randint() function. This function takes two arguments: the start and the end of the range for the generated integer values. Random integers are generated within and including the start and end of range values, specifically in the interval [start, end].

Utility company power lines carry what kind of current?

Answers

Answer:

Alternating

Explanation:

which statement describes a convention that renaissance painters used?

Answers

The statement that describes a convention that Renaissance painters used is that they created a sense of three-dimensionality. Renaissance art, which emerged in Italy in the 14th century, is characterized by a more naturalistic representation of the world and an increased focus on human anatomy and perspective. The following description explains how Renaissance painters created the sense of three-dimensionality.
Renaissance painters employed a variety of techniques to create a sense of three-dimensionality in their paintings. One of the most important of these was the use of linear perspective. This technique involves the use of lines that converge at a single point on the horizon, which creates the illusion of depth and space in the painting.Other techniques used by Renaissance painters included chiaroscuro, which is the use of light and dark to create a sense of depth and volume in a painting, and sfumato, which is the use of hazy, atmospheric effects to create a sense of depth and softness.Overall, Renaissance painters sought to create paintings that were more naturalistic and lifelike than those of the preceding centuries. By using these techniques and others, they were able to create works of art that had a greater sense of depth, dimensionality, and realism than had ever been seen before.

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Help I need fast is it true or false

Help I need fast is it true or false

Answers

Answer:

False

Explanation:

It can only survive outside of the body for six days

When your workplace obtains new materials, you should add them to the chemical list:

Answers

Answer:

immediately

Explanation:

"An electric power distributor charges residential customers $0.08 per kilowatt-hour (kWh). The company advertises that ""green power"" is available in 145 kWh blocks for an additional $3.50 per month. (green power is generated from solar, wind power and methane sources.) If a certain customer uses an average of 400 kWh per month and commits to one monthly 150 kWh block of green power, what is her annual power bills?
What is the average cost per kWh with green power during the year? why does green power cost more than conventional power?

Answers

The annual power bill for this customer would be $1,076. This includes the cost of 400 kWh per month at $0.08 per kWh, plus 12 monthly blocks of 145 kWh green power at an additional cost of $3.50 per month.

The average cost per kWh with green power during the year would be $0.087 per kWh. This is calculated by the sum of  monthly cost of 400 kWh at $0.08 per kWh, plus the 12 monthly blocks of 145 kWh green power at an additional cost of $3.50 per month, and dividing by the total number of kilowatt-hours used during the year (400 + 145 = 545).

There are a few factors that could make green energy more expensive than traditional energy. First, compared to conventional power, the infrastructure for producing and delivering green energy is frequently more expensive. Second, suppliers can charge more since there is frequently a greater demand for green energy than for conventional energy.

Green power is defined as electricity generated from renewable energy sources similar as solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, eligible biomass, and low- impact small hydroelectric sources.

Therefore, green power may be more expensive than conventional power due to government incentives or regulations.

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Write code that prints: Ready! firstNumber ... 2 1 Go!
Your code should contain a for loop. Print a newline after each number and after each line of text Ex: firstNumber = 3 outputs:
Ready!
3
2
1
Go!

Answers

Code:

firstNumber = 3

print('Ready')

for i in range(firstNumber, 0, -1):

   print(i)

print('Go!')

What is Code?
Code is a set of instructions written in a programming language that tells a computer how to perform a specific task. It is the foundation of modern computing and forms the basis of all software, applications, and websites. Code is written by a programmer who takes an abstract concept and translates it into a language that the computer can understand. Code is then compiled, or translated, into a program that can be executed by a computer, which then performs the task according to the instructions provided.

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3. The scale of the blueprint tells us the ________ of drawing to real space?
Boundary
Proportion
Weight
or
None of the above

Answers

The scale of the blueprint tells us the boundary of the drawing to real space. The correct option is a.

What is the scale of the blueprint?

It is a photographic print in white on a bright blue background or blue on a white background, particularly useful for copying maps, mechanical drawings, and architect's designs

The plan of the construction is a project prediction that is slightly auto cad. The scale factor provides information on the dimensions and measurements of things represented by smaller copies in maps, blueprints, scale drawings, and scale models. The scale tells us how much actual length some length on the scale graphic represents.

Therefore, the correct option is a, Boundary.

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Hey everyone!

This question is hard.
What specific fluid goes in the windshield wipers? (I never drove a car before)
And how much to put in fluid ounces? (So you don't blow a car up)

Answers

Hello!
I’ve never driven either. But I’m pretty sure there is not really specific fluid you have to use. Just to name a few are Rain-X Bug Remover Windshield Washer Fluid, Prestone AS657 Deluxe 3-in-1 Windshield Washer Fluid.
For how much, there should be a little line or 3/4th of the way full.

Hope this helps!

Answer:

What specific fluid goes in the windshield wipers.

Distilled water

How much to put in fluid ounces?

There should be a tiny bit more than 3/4 of the way full.

What transfers the up-and-down motion from the lifter to the
rocker arm

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The camshaft lobe moves the lifter upwards, which moves the pushrod. The top end of the pushrod pushes on the rocker arm, which opens the valve.

determine the wattmeter reading when it is connected to resistor load.​

Answers

Answer:

Each wattmeter measures a line-to-line voltage between two of the three power supply lines. In this configuration, the total power, watts is accurately measured by the algebraic sum of the two wattmeter values. Pt = P1 + P2. This holds true if the system is balanced or unbalanced.

he crimping tool is used to crimp the end of the wire E. If a force of 25.6 lb is applied to the handles, determine the average shear stress (in ksi) in the pin at B. The pin is subjected to single shear and has a diameter of 0.28 in. Only vertical force is exerted on the wire. Note: You answer should include requested units and be to 3 decimal places.

Answers

Answer:

Shear Stress = 0.415 ksi

Explanation:

In order to find the shear stress we first need to find the cross sectional area of pin B. The area is given as follows:

A = πd²/4

where,

A = Area of cross section of pin = ?

d = diameter of pin = 0.28 in

Therefore,

A = π(0.28 in)²/4

A = 0.0615 in²

Now, the shear stress is given as:

Shear Stress = Shear Force/Area

Shear Stress = 25.6 lb/0.0615 in²

Shear Stress = 415.8 psi

Shear Stress = 0.415 ksi

what is the risk value of a risk whose impact score is 5, whose probability score is 5 and whose detection score is 1?

Answers

The risk value of a risk whose impact score is 5, with a probability score is 5. The detection score is 25. The correct option is D.

What is the risk?

The analysis's output, the risk score, is produced by dividing the Risk Impact Rating by the Risk Probability. It's the quantitative statistic that enables important individuals to decide about risks swiftly and with confidence.

Risk = probability x loss

The probability is 5

The impact score is 5

substituting the values in the equation

Risk = 5 x 5 = 25

Therefore, the correct option is D. 25.

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The question is incomplete. Your most probably complete question is given below:

A. 5

B. 1

C. 10

D. 25

A company has deployed a business-critical application in the AWS Cloud. The application uses Amazon EC2 instances that run in the us-east-1 Region. The application uses Amazon S3 for storage of all critical data. To meet compliance requirements, the company must create a disaster recovery (DR) plan that provides the capability of a full failover to another AWS Region. What should a solutions architect recommend for this DR plan? A. Deploy the application to multiple Availability Zones in us-east-1. Create a resource group in AWS Resource Groups. Turn on automatic failover for the application to use a predefined recovery Region. B. Perform a virtual machine (VM) export by using AWS Import/Export on the existing EC2 instances. Copy the exported instances to the destination Region. In the event of a disaster, provision new EC2 instances from the exported EC2 instances.C. Create snapshots of all Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes that are attached to the EC2 instances in us-east-1. Copy the snapshots to the destination Region. In the event of a disaster, provision new EC2 instances from the EBS snapshots. D. Use S3 Cross-Region Replication for the data that is stored in Amazon S3. Create an AWS CloudFormation template for the application with an S3 bucket parameter. In the event of a disaster, deploy the template to the destination Region and specify the local S3 bucket as the parameter.

Answers

For this DR plan, a solutions architect should recommend option D. Using S3 Cross-Region Replication for the data that is stored in Amazon S3 provides a reliable and efficient way to replicate critical data to another AWS Region.

AWS CloudFormation template for the application with an S3 bucket parameter. In the event of a disaster, deploy the template to the destination Region and specify the local S3 bucket as the parameter.

This ensures that all critical data is available in case of a disaster. Additionally, creating an AWS CloudFormation template for the application with an S3 bucket parameter allows for easy deployment to the destination Region in the event of a disaster. This option also ensures compliance with regulations as all critical data is stored in the replicated S3 bucket. A solutions architect should recommend the following disaster recovery (DR) plan for a company with a business-critical application in the AWS Cloud: Use S3 Cross-Region Replication for the data stored in Amazon S3. Thus, Using S3 Cross-Region Replication for the data that is stored in Amazon S3 provides a reliable and efficient way to replicate critical data to another AWS Region is a correct statement.

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Use the HELPrct data from the mosaicData to calculate the mean of all numeric variables (be sure to exclude missing values)

Answers

To calculate the mean of all numeric variables in the HELPrct data from the mosaicData package, we can use the colMeans() function in R. This function calculates the mean of each column in a data frame.

However, it only works on numeric columns, so we need to first remove any non-numeric columns or missing values.
To do this, we can use the select_if() function from the dplyr package to only select columns that are numeric. Then, we can use the na.omit() function to remove any rows with missing values. Finally, we can use the colMeans() function to calculate the mean of each column.
Here's the code:
library(mosaicData)
library(dplyr)
# Select only numeric columns
numeric_cols <- select_if(HELPrct, is.numeric)
# Remove rows with missing values
numeric_cols <- na.omit(numeric_cols)
# Calculate column means
means <- colMeans(numeric_cols)
# Print the result
print(means)
This will give us the mean of each numeric column in the HELPrct data, excluding any missing values.

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Hey guys can anyone list chemical engineering advancement that has been discovered within the past 20 years

Answers

Top 10 Emerging Technologies in Chemistry
Nanopesticides. The world population keeps growing. ...
Enantio selective organocatalysis. ...
Solid-state batteries. ...
Flow Chemistry. ...
Porous material for Water Harvesting. ...
Directed evolution of selective enzymes. ...
From plastics to monomers. ...

air flows at 1.2 m/s along a flat surface when it encounters a jet of air issuing from the horizontal wall at point a, as in fio p8.16. the jet volume flow is 0.4 m/s per unit depth into the paper. if the jet is approximated as an inviscid line source, (a) locate the stagnation point s on the wall. (b) how far vertically will the jet flow extend into the stream?

Answers

In the upper atmosphere, jet streams are relatively narrow bands of powerful wind. Jet streams carry the winds as they go from west to east

Explain about the jet flow?

Jet streams can travel at speeds of more than 275 mph (239 kts / 442 km/h) and range in height from four to eight miles. Both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres have jet streams.

At altitudes of roughly 8 to 15 kilometres, jet streams move across the tropopause, the region between the troposphere and the stratosphere (5 to 9 miles). When cold air and hot air collide, strong air currents are created that, when viewed on a jet stream map, often resemble wavy, striated rivers.

The mid to upper troposphere, the part of the Earth's atmosphere where we live and breathe, is where jet streams are found, about five to nine miles above the planet's surface.

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what is the most common type of suspensions system used on body over frame vehicles?

Answers

Answer:

Engine

Explanation:

Semi-independent suspension is the most common type of suspension system used on body over frame vehicles.

What is a Semi-independent suspension?

Semi-independent suspension give the front wheels some individual movement.

This suspension only used in rear wheels.

Thus, the correct option is Semi-independent suspension

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lets consider the following sets a={1,2,3,6,7} b={3,6,7,8,9}. find the number of all subsets of the set aub with 4 elements

Answers

The union of two sets A and B, denoted by A∪B, is the set that contains all the distinct elements of A and B.

To find the number of subsets of A∪B with 4 elements, we need to first determine the union of sets A and B. The union of sets A and B (A∪B) includes all unique elements present in either A or B.

A = {1, 2, 3, 6, 7}
B = {3, 6, 7, 8, 9}
A∪B = {1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9}

Now, we need to find the number of 4-element subsets of A∪B. We can use the combination formula:

C(n, k) = n! / (k! * (n - k)!)

Here, n is the total number of elements in A∪B (7), and k is the number of elements in each subset (4).

C(7, 4) = 7! / (4! * (7 - 4)!)
= 7! / (4! * 3!)
= 5040 / (24 * 6)
= 210 / 1

Therefore, there are 210 subsets of the set A∪B with 4 elements.

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A glass of water with a mass of 0.45kg at 20∘C is to be cooled to 0∘C by dropping ice cubes at 0∘C into it. The latent heat of fusion of ice is 334kJ/kg, and the specific heat of water is 4.18kJ/kg⋅∘C. The amount of ice that needs to be added is.

Answers

By using the concept of heat transfer, we need to add 0.045kg or 45g of ice to the glass of water to cool it from 20∘C to 0∘C.

The heat lost by the water is equal to the heat gained by the ice cubes. We can use the following equation to calculate the heat transfer:

Q = m_w * c_w * ΔT + m_i * L_f

where Q is the heat transfer, m_w is the mass of water, c_w is the specific heat of water, ΔT is the temperature change (20-0 = 20∘C), m_i is the mass of ice, and L_f is the latent heat of fusion of ice.

We know the values of m_w (0.45kg), c_w (4.18kJ/kg⋅∘C), ΔT (20∘C), and L_f (334kJ/kg). We can rearrange the equation to solve for m_i:

m_i = (Q - m_w * c_w * ΔT) / L_f

Substituting the values, we get:

m_i = [(0.45kg) * (4.18kJ/kg⋅∘C) * (20∘C) - 0] / (334kJ/kg

m_i = 0.045kg

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A) Describe factor substitution with respect to building heights. Be sure to explain at least two reasons why office buildings (with extra benefits from proximity) tend to "build up" rather than build out. B) A key assumption for being able to model building heights is that building a taller building increases the cost per square foot (the second floor is more expensive to construct than the first floor, ect.) What sort of strange result would we predict if this was not the case? ("Building up" got cheaper per floor with each floor constructed)?

Answers

A) Factor substitution: replacing factors of production for desired outcomes, like building taller or expanding horizontally in limited urban land.

B) Cheaper per floor: no height limit incentive, leading to excessively tall structures and inefficient resource allocation.

A) Factor substitution refers to the decision-making process where factors of production, such as land and capital, are substituted for one another to achieve a desired outcome. In the context of building heights, it relates to the trade-off between constructing taller buildings (building up) versus expanding horizontally (building out).

One reason office buildings tend to "build up" is the limited availability of land in urban areas. Cities often have limited space for new construction, leading to higher land costs. By constructing taller buildings, developers can maximize the utilization of limited land resources and accommodate more office space within a smaller footprint.

Another reason is the benefit of proximity. In urban environments, being close to other businesses, amenities, transportation, and potential clients is advantageous. Building up allows office buildings to take advantage of centralized locations and create a concentration of economic activity. This proximity can lead to increased collaboration, networking opportunities, and accessibility, which are beneficial for businesses.

B) If the assumption that building a taller building increases the cost per square foot were not valid and instead "building up" became cheaper per floor with each floor constructed, a strange result would be observed. In such a scenario, there would be no economic incentive to limit the height of buildings. Developers would have a strong incentive to keep building higher and higher, as each additional floor would cost less per square foot compared to the previous ones.

This could lead to extremely tall buildings with a large number of floors, possibly surpassing the practical and engineering limits. The skyline of cities would be dominated by excessively tall structures, even if there was no corresponding increase in demand or economic justification. The lack of increasing costs per floor would disrupt the typical cost-benefit trade-off associated with building heights and result in an inefficient allocation of resources.

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