The correct answer is c. The general current divider equation used to find a branch current is equal to the branch resistance divided by the total resistance, multiplied by the total current. This formula is used when there are multiple resistors in parallel and we want to find the current flowing through a particular branch.
By knowing the branch resistance and the total resistance, we can determine the fraction of the total current that flows through that branch. The total resistance is the sum of all the resistors in parallel, while the branch resistance is the resistance of the particular branch for which we want to calculate the current.
The general current divider equation used to find a branch current is equal to the: c. branch resistance divided by the total resistance, multiplied by the total current.
In this equation, "branch resistance" refers to the resistance of the specific branch you want to find the current for, "total resistance" is the sum of all resistances in the parallel circuit, and "total current" is the current supplied to the entire parallel circuit.
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The general current divider equation used to find a branch current is equal to option c:
branch resistance divided by the total resistance, multiplied by the total current.
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The need for extraction of raw metals for making steel has been reduced due to the?
Answer: Increase in minimills
Explanation:
An owner is considering building a 120-house development outside of town. What kind of due diligence tasks will he undertake during the feasi- bility phase of the project? Why are these important?
During the feasibility phase, the owner will conduct market analysis to assess demand, financial analysis to evaluate costs and profitability, and a regulatory/legal review to ensure compliance.
During the feasibility phase of a housing development project, the owner will conduct various due diligence tasks to evaluate the viability and potential success of the project. Market analysis helps assess the demand and competitiveness of the housing market in the area. Financial assessment involves evaluating the project's financial feasibility, including cost estimates, revenue projections, and potential return on investment. Site evaluation examines factors like land suitability, infrastructure availability, and environmental considerations. Regulatory compliance ensures that the project adheres to zoning, building codes, and other legal requirements. Undertaking these tasks during the feasibility phase is crucial to make informed decisions, identify potential risks or obstacles, and determine whether the project aligns with the owner's goals and objectives.
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determine the force developed in member bc of the bridge truss and state if this member is in tension or compression:
In truss analysis, a negative member axial force suggests that the member or the joints at its ends are in compression, whereas a positive member axial force suggests that they are in tension.
What force in member bc of the bridge truss and state?A tension member is subject to forces that pull outward at its ends on truss bridges. These members are frequently individual metal elements, such as bars or rods, even on a “wooden” truss bridge.
Compressive forces are heavier and push or compress together. The parts come together to form a triangle.
Therefore, A rigid structure called a truss is made up of two force members—where forces are applied only twice—that link at joints and are subject to external forces.
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A student lives in an apartment with a floor area of 60 m2 and ceiling height of 1.8 m. The apartment has a fresh (outdoor) air exchange rate of 0.5/hr. The stove in the apartment heats by natural gas. The student cooks a meal using two gas burners that each emit carbon monoxide (CO) at a rate of 100 mg/hr. The outdoor CO concentration can be assumed to be negligible (0 ppm). The initial (time = 0) indoor CO concentration can be assumed to be 0 ppm (except for problem 4). Carbon monoxide can be considered as an inert gas, i.e., it does not stick to or react with any surfaces or other gases in air.
1. Assume that the student cooks for a long enough period of time to achieve a steady-state CO concentration in the apartment. What is that concentration in ppb?
2. Assume that the student cooks for only 45 minutes and turns off both burners at that time. What is the CO concentration in ppb at the end of 45 minutes?
3. Repeat problem 2 for air exchange rates that vary from 0.1 to 1/hr and plot the concentration at 45 minutes (in ppb) versus air exchange rate.
4. Assume that for the conditions of problem 2, the student waits 25 minutes after turning the burners off and then starts cooking again with two burners on. How long will it take to reach a concentration that is 95% of steady-state under this condition?
Note that you can actually address this question with an eloquent mathematical derivation (preferred) or simply by crunching the concentration profile in a spreadsheet.
What is the concentration at 95% of steady-state?
Compare your result with the time that would be required to reach 95% of steady-state had the initial indoor CO concentration been 0 ppm.
Answer:
4
Explanation:
what type of heating system uses a boiler to produce steam, which is transferred to rooms through a pipe?
A steam heating system is a type of heating system that uses a boiler to produce steam, which is then distributed through a network of pipes to various rooms in a building. The steam is typically generated by heating water to its boiling point, and the resulting steam is used to transfer heat to the rooms through the pipes. The steam can be used to heat the air in the rooms directly, or it can be used to heat water or other fluids in a radiator or other heat exchanger, which can then be used to transfer heat to the air in the room.
A 1-ft rod with a diameter of 0.5 in. is subjected to a tensile force of 1,300 lb and has an elongation of 0.009 in. The modulus of elasticity of the material is most nearly:
Answer:
E = 8.83 kips
Explanation:
First, we determine the stress on the rod:
\(\sigma = \frac{F}{A}\\\\\)
where,
σ = stress = ?
F = Force Applied = 1300 lb
A = Cross-sectional Area of rod = 0.5\(\pi \frac{d^2}{4} = \pi \frac{(0.5\ in)^2}{4} = 0.1963\ in^2\)
Therefore,
\(\sigma = \frac{1300\ lb}{0.1963\ in^2} \\\\\sigma = 6.62\ kips\)
Now, we determine the strain:
\(strain = \epsilon = \frac{elongation}{original\ length} \\\\\epsilon = \frac{0.009\ in}{12\ in}\\\\\epsilon = 7.5\ x\ 10^{-4}\)
Now, the modulus of elasticity (E) is given as:
\(E = \frac{\sigma}{\epsilon}\\\\E = \frac{6.62\ kips}{7.5\ x\ 10^{-4}}\)
E = 8.83 kips
A large retirement community wants to host a grand birthday party for its residents who recently
became centenarians (a centenarian is someone who has lived 100 years). The party organizers learn
that 25 new centenarians will be the guests of honor at the party, so they decide to prepare some
interesting facts about this group's age. They start brainstorming, and one of the organizers says,
"Hey, the standard deviation of their ages would be an interesting fact."
Which of the following best represents the standard deviation for the ages of the new centenarians?
The ideal response for the age standard deviation would be zero.
Why is there a standard deviation?A standard deviation (or σ) is a measure of how distributed the data is in reference to the mean. When the standard deviation is low, the data are concentrated around the mean, and when it is large, the data are widely dispersed.
They invited 25 persons who recently turned 100 years old, so the majority of attendees will be between the ages of 100 and 102. There is extremely little likelihood that anyone will be older than 102.
Since the majority of the data are centered at 100, the standard deviation will be zero or very close to it.
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Which of the following best represents the standard deviation for the ages of the new centenarians?
0
100
30
25
What is the first test you should do when checking the charging system?
Answer:
Connect the test light in series with the negative post, and start pulling feed wires. The first to check is the heavy charging wire from the alternator. A bad or leaky diode in an alternator is a very common source of overnight battery drain. Connect wires one at a time to see what lead is drawing current.
in an inverter, how will the dynamic energy dissipated due to the charging or discharging in a single clock cycle change if the inverter clock frequency becomes larger
When the inverter clock frequency becomes larger, the dynamic energy dissipated due to charging or discharging in a single clock cycle will increase.
In an inverter, if the clock frequency becomes larger, the dynamic energy dissipated due to charging or discharging in a single clock cycle will increase. This is because dynamic energy is directly proportional to the frequency.
Dynamic energy is given by the formula: E = 0.5 * C * V² * f, where E is the dynamic energy, C is the capacitance, V is the voltage, and f is the frequency. When the inverter clock frequency (f) becomes larger, the overall dynamic energy (E) increases according to the formula. The increase in frequency means that the inverter is switching between charging and discharging more rapidly in a given time period. As a result, more energy is consumed due to the higher rate of charging and discharging.
In conclusion, when the inverter clock frequency becomes larger, the dynamic energy dissipated due to charging or discharging in a single clock cycle will increase.
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The ____________________ is used to measure the power required to operate a device.
Answer:
multimeter
Explanation:
there's several devices that are used to measure power. the most common one is a multimeter. there's also the voltmeter and ammeter or the oscilloscope.
in c the square root of a number N can be approximated by repeated calculation using the formula NG = 0.5(LG + N/LG) where NG stands for next guess and LG stands for last guess. Write a function that calculates the square root of a number using this method. The initial guess will be the starting value of LG. The program will com- pute a value for NG using the formula given. The difference between NG and LG is checked to see whether these two guesses are almost identical. If they are, NG is accepted as the square root; otherwise, the next guess (NG) becomes the last guess (LG) and the process is repeated (another value is computed for NG, the difference is checked, and so on). The loop should be repeated until the difference is less than 0. 005. Use an initial guess of 1. 0. Write a driver function and test your square root function for the numbers 4, 120. 5, 88, 36.01, 10,000, and 0. 25
PLEASE İN C PROGRAMMİNG
Answer:
Following are the program to the given question:
#include <stdio.h>//header file
double square_root(double N, double initialGuess)//defining a method square_root that takes two variable in parameters
{
double NG, LG = initialGuess,diff;//defining double variable
while(1)//use loop to calculate square root value
{
NG = 0.5 * (LG + N / LG);//using given formula
diff = NG - LG;//calculating difference
if(diff < 0)//use if to check difference is less than 0
diff = -diff;//decreaing difference
if(diff < 0.005)//use if that check difference is less than 0.005
break;//using break keyword
else//defining else block
{
LG = NG;//holding value
}
}
return NG;//return value
}
int main()//defining main method
{
double ans, n,initialguess = 1.0;//defining double variable
n = 4;//use n to hold value
ans = square_root(n, initialguess);//calculating the square root value and print its value
printf("square_root(%lf) = %lf \n", n, ans);//print calculated value with number
n = 120.5;//use n to hold value
ans = square_root(n, initialguess);//calculating the square root value and print its value
printf("square_root(%lf) = %lf \n", n, ans);//print calculated value with number
n = 36.01;//use n to hold value
ans = square_root(n, initialguess);//calculating the square root value and print its value
printf("square_root(%lf) = %lf \n", n, ans);//print calculated value with number
n = 0.25;//use n to hold value
ans = square_root(n, initialguess);//calculating the square root value and print its value
printf("square_root(%lf) = %lf \n", n, ans);//print calculated value with number
printf("\nEnter a number: ");//print message
scanf("%lf", &n);//input value
ans = square_root(n, initialguess);//calculating the square root value and print its value
printf("square_root(%lf) = %lf \n", n, ans);//print calculated value with number
}
Output:
Please find the attachment file.
Explanation:
In this code, a method "square_root" is declared that takes two variable "N, initialGuess" in its parameters, inside the method a three double variable is declared.It uses the given formula and uses the diff variable to hold its value and uses two if to check its value is less than 0 and 0.005 and return its calculated value.In the main method, three double variables are declared that use the "n" to hold value and "ans" to call the method that holds its value and print its value.
Answer every question of this quiz
Please note: you can answer each question only once.
Which number shows the intake valve?
OK
I'd say number 4, number 3 looks like an exhaust valve
An air-standard Diesel cycle engine operates as follows: The temperatures at the beginning and end of the compression stroke are 30 °C and 700 °C, respectively. The net work per cycle is 590.1 kJ/kg, and the heat transfer input per cycle is 925 kJ/kg. Determine the a) compression ratio, b) maximum temperature of the cycle, and c) the cutoff ratio, v3/v2.
This question is incomplete, the complete question is;
An air-standard Diesel cycle engine operates as follows: The temperatures at the beginning and end of the compression stroke are 30 °C and 700 °C, respectively. The net work per cycle is 590.1 kJ/kg, and the heat transfer input per cycle is 925 kJ/kg. Determine the a) compression ratio, b) maximum temperature of the cycle, and c) the cutoff ratio, v3/v2.
Use the cold air standard assumptions.
Answer:
a) The compression ratio is 18.48
b) The maximum temperature of the cycle is 1893.4 K
c) The cutoff ratio, v₃/v₂ is 1.946
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
Temperature at the start of a compression T₁ = 30°C = (30 + 273) = 303 K
Temperature at the end of a compression T₂ = 700°C = (700 + 273) = 973 K
Net work per cycle \(W_{net\) = 590.1 kJ/kg
Heat transfer input per cycle Qs = 925 kJ/kg
a) compression ratio;
As illustrated in the diagram below, 1 - 2 is adiabatic compression;
so,
Tγ\(^{Y-1\) = constant { For Air, γ = 1.4 }
hence;
⇒ V₁ / V₂ = \((\) T₂ / T₁ \()^{\frac{1}{Y-1}\)
so we substitute
⇒ V₁ / V₂ = \((\) 973 K / 303 K \()^{\frac{1}{1.4-1}\)
= \((\) 3.21122 \()^{\frac{1}{0.4}\)
= 18.4788 ≈ 18.48
Therefore, The compression ratio is 18.48
b) maximum temperature of the cycle
We know that for Air, Cp = 1.005 kJ/kgK
Now,
Heat transfer input per cycle Qs = Cp( T₃ - T₂ )
we substitute
925 = 1.005( T₃ - 700 )
( T₃ - 700 ) = 925 / 1.005
( T₃ - 700 ) = 920.398
T₃ = 920.398 + 700
T₃ = 1620.398 °C
T₃ = ( 1620.398 + 273 ) K
T₃ = 1893.396 K ≈ 1893.4 K
Therefore, The maximum temperature of the cycle is 1893.4 K
c) the cutoff ratio, v₃/v₂;
Since pressure is constant, V ∝ T
So,
cutoff ratio S = v₃ / v₂ = T₃ / T₂
we substitute
cutoff ratio S = 1893.396 K / 973 K
cutoff ratio S = 1.9459 ≈ 1.946
Therefore, the cutoff ratio, v₃/v₂ is 1.946
As you encounter unfamiliar key torms in your eText, how can you leamn their definitions? Note that key terms may oppoar in boid or in a diferent color in your eted Select all that apply. O Select the Search icon and enter the term into the seurch feld. A definitian will show up in the Key torms saction of Eie fesulfs. O Select the Playlist icon and select the module you want to hear O Select the Table of Contents or the Navigation icon and navigate to the Glossary. O Select the key term in your eText and a pop-up defintion wel appear
A) Select the Search icon and enter the term into the search field. A definition will show up in the Key Terms section of the search results.
What is Key Terms?Key Terms are words or phrases used to describe a concept or idea. They are often used in the field of academia to help define the scope of a particular study or research project. Key Terms are also used in business and legal documents to provide a concise and precise description of a concept or idea. By providing clear definitions for each key term, it helps to ensure that all parties involved in a discussion or agreement are on the same page.
C) Select the Table of Contents or the Navigation icon and navigate to the Glossary.
D) Select the key term in your eText and a pop-up definition will appear.
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Wastewater flows into a _________ once it is released into a floor drain.
A) HoseB) Covered containerC) Sump pitD) Bucket
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Wastewater flows into a sump pit once it is released into a floor drain.
For better understanding, lets understand what wastewater means
Wastewater are water that are not needed or have been use and therefore they are disposed. Waster water often contains waste product of man such as food waste,feaces etc.Sump is simply known as a basin into which groundwater is channeled to. A sump pit is commonly known as a temporary pit that is fixed to trap and filter water for carrying or pumping into a design discharge area.From the above, we can therefore say that the answer that Wastewater flows into a sump pit once it is released into a floor drain is correct
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List five areas that increased energy prices impact.
Answer:
Supply, demand, global markets, imports and exports, and government Regulation.
Explanation:
Examine the pressure-measuring device shown in the figure below. (a) What is the gauge pressure reading in psi at point A? (b) What is the pressure difference between point A and B? (c) Which is higher, pressure at point A or at point B? (d) What is the absolute pressure in psi at point D? State any assumptions you made
Answer: 45
Explanation:just cuase I need to
2.nbt.6 add up to four two-digit numbers using strategies based on place value and properties of operations.
We are going to solve this question with the help of "Toll Bridge Puzzle" using strategies based on place value and properties of operations.
The image below depicts bridges connecting islands. You must pay a toll in coins to cross a bridge. How can you get to the island marked in red if you start on the island marked in blue with 100 coins?
Step-By-Step Explanation:
This task is designed to assess the addition of four numbers as specified in the standard while remaining in a problem-solving context.
This task is intended to be instructional; however, due to the random nature of when the correct route is discovered, it is not suitable for assessment.
This puzzle works well as a physical re-enactment, with paper plates representing the islands and strings with papers attached representing the tolls.
The single digit numbers will often lead students to believe that the route must pass that way. They may also miss the "crossover" by using the central island, finding the 23 + 25 + 29 + 24 route but not the 32 + 15 + 40 + 38 route or the 32 + 15 + 29 + 24 route.
Technically, paths that run from right to left along some bridges (for example, 32 + 5 + 41 + 40 + 29 + 24) could also be considered. In this case, however, such paths can be ignored because students will find a cheap enough path by only investigating paths that run from left to right. One might be tempted to modify the problem by having the student start with 99 coins and ask if reaching the red island is possible. Such a change, however, would be inappropriate because a mathematically valid solution would require the student to consider all paths, including those that cross some bridges from right to left.
Solution:
32 + 15 + 29 + 24 = 100
Other possible routes:
23 + 51 + 3 + 24 = 101
23 + 25 + 29 + 24 = 101
23 + 25 + 40 + 38 = 126
32 + 15 + 40 + 38 = 116
32 + 5 + 41 + 38 = 116
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Problem Statement: Air flows at a rate of 0.1 kg/s through a device as shown below. The pressure and temperature of the air at location 1 are 0.2 MPa and 800 K and at location 2 the pressure and temperature are 0.75 MPa and 700 K. The surroundings are at 300 K and the surface temperature of the device is 1000 K. Determine the rate that the device performs work on its surroundings if the rate of heat transfer from the surface of the device to the environment is 1 kW. Justify your answer. Note that the flow direction for the air is not specified so you need to consider all possibilities for the direction of the airflow. Assume that the air is an ideal gas, that R
Answer:
The answer is "+9.05 kw"
Explanation:
In the given question some information is missing which can be given in the following attachment.
The solution to this question can be defined as follows:
let assume that flow is from 1 to 2 then
Q= 1kw
m=0.1 kg/s
From the steady flow energy equation is:
\(m\{n_1+ \frac{v^2_1}{z}+ gz_1 \}+Q= m \{h_2+ \frac{v^2_2}{2}+ gz_2\}+w\\\\\ change \ energy\\\\0.1[1.005 \times 800]-1= 0.01[1.005\times 700]+w\\\\w= +9.05 \ kw\\\\\)
If the sign of the work performed is positive, it means the work is done on the surrounding so, that the expected direction of the flow is right.
1. types of ecosystem ?
2. explain each ecosystem
write a java script function that allows the user to enter and convert Kenyan shillings into US dollars when a button is clicked on a web page. rate is 1 $ dollar 115 Ksh
Answer:
Explanation:
Like requested the following function is written in JavaScript and prompts the user for a total amount of Kenyan Currency that needs to be converted. It then places that value in a variable and divides it by 115 Ksh so that it gives us the USD value of that currency. Then that value is returned. The function can be attached to any button but it must be done manually when creating the button's onClick method.
function convertCurrency() {
var KenyanAmount = prompt("Please enter the amount of Kenyan you want to convert.");
var usdValue = "$" + (KenyanAmount / 115);
return usdValue;
}
The program is a sequential program, and does not require loops and conditional statements
The function in JavaScript where comments are used to explain each line is as follows:
//This defines the function
function convertCurrency() {
//This gets input for the amount to convert
var Amount = prompt("Kenyan Shillings: ");
//This converts the Kenyan Shillings to US Dollars
var usdValue = KenyanAmount / 115;
//This returns the converted amount to the main method
return usdValue;
}
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An ideal transformer produces an output voltage that is 500% larger (e.g. a 6-fold increase) than the input voltage. 1) If the input current is 14 A (rms), what is the output current
Answer:
2 1/3 A
Explanation:
power in = power out
V (14) = 6V a
14 = 6a
a = 14/6 =
10. A 10,000 sq. Ft. Place for public assembly includes a 20'x 90' commercial kitchen. How many and what type extinguishers are required at the minimum?
Answer:
The minimum number and type of fire extinguishers required for a 10,000 sq. ft. place for public assembly with a 20'x 90' commercial kitchen would depend on the specific fire code requirements of the jurisdiction where the building is located.
In general, commercial kitchens require Class K fire extinguishers, which are specifically designed for use on fires involving cooking oils and fats. The size and number of extinguishers required would depend on the size of the kitchen, the type of cooking equipment present, and other factors.
It is recommended to consult with local fire authorities or a fire protection specialist to determine the specific fire code requirements for the building in question.
apparatus equipped with a diesel particulate filter (dpf) will have: (95)
An apparatus equipped with a diesel particulate filter (DPF) will have the ability to significantly reduce the amount of harmful particulate matter emissions released into the air.
DPFs are designed to capture and store the soot and other particles produced by diesel engines, preventing them from being released into the environment. This technology has become increasingly important as the harmful effects of particulate matter on human health and the environment have become more widely understood.
However, it is important to note that the use of a DPF also requires proper maintenance and regular cleaning to ensure its effectiveness. Accumulated particulate matter can eventually clog the filter, causing decreased engine performance and potentially damaging the DPF itself. In addition, the use of low-quality fuel or improper engine operation can also negatively impact the DPF's performance.
Overall, an apparatus equipped with a DPF will provide a significant improvement in air quality by reducing harmful particulate matter emissions. However, proper maintenance and attention to fuel quality and engine operation are crucial to ensuring the continued effectiveness of this technology.
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A well-insulated heat exchanger has one line with 2 kg/s of air at 125 kPa and 1000 K entering, and leaving at 100 kPa and 400 K. The other line has 0.5 kg/s water entering at 200 kPa and 20 °C, and leaving at 200 kPa. Calculate the exit temperature of the water and the total rate of entropy generation?
Answer:
120°CExplanation:
Step one:
given data
T_{wi} = 20^{\circ}C
T_{Ai}=1000K
T_{Ae}= 400kPa
P_{Wi}=200kPa
P_{Ai}=125kPa
P_{We}=200kPa
P_{Ae}=100kPa
m_A=2kg/s
m_W=0.5kg/s
We know that the energy equation is
\(m_Ah_{Ai}+m_Wh_W=m_Ah_{Ae}+m_Wh_{We}\)
making \(h_{We}\) the subject of formula we have
\(h_{We}=h_{Wi}+\frac{m_A}{mW}(h_A-h_{Ae})\)
from the saturated water table B.1.1 , corresponding to \(T_{wi}= 20c\)
\(h_{Wi}=83.94kJ/kg\)
from the ideal gas properties of air table B.7.1 , corresponding to T=1000K
the enthalpy is:
\(h_{Ai}=1046.22kJ/kg\)
from the ideal gas properties of air table B.7.1 corresponding to T=400K
\(h_{Ae}=401.30kJ/kg\)
Step two:
substituting into the equation we have
\(h_{We}=h_{Wi}+\frac{m_A}{mW}(h_A-h_{Ae})\)
\(h_{We}=83.94+\frac{2}{0.5}(2046.22-401.30)\\\\h_{We}=2663.62kJ/kg\)
from saturated water table B.1.2 at \(P_{We}=200kPa\) we can obtain the specific enthalpy:
\(h_g=2706.63kJ/kg\)
we can see that \(h_g>h_{Wi}\), hence there are two phases
from saturated water table B.1.2 at \(P_{We}=200kPa\)
\(T_{We}=120 ^{\circ} C\)
It is okay to download information without asking a lab instructor as long as it is for your online class. truefalse
Answer:
False
Explanation:
It is not okay to download information without asking a lab instructor, even if it is for an online class. Academic integrity policies and copyright laws still apply to online courses and students are expected to follow ethical and legal guidelines when accessing and using information. If you are unsure about whether it is appropriate to download certain information or materials, it is always best to check with your instructor.
which of the following is true for a dispersion strengthened composite but not for a precipitation hardened alloy?
They are not as strong at room temperature
They have better creep resistance
They are more effective at elevated temperatures since they do not coarsen
They particles are typically oxide particles
A dispersion strengthened composite but not for a precipitation hardened alloy. At room temperature, they are not as potent.
They are more resistant to creep. Since they don't coarsen at high temperatures, they are more effective. Typically, they are oxide particles. A heat treatment technique known as precipitation hardening, also known as age hardening or particle hardening, is used to increase the yield strength of malleable materials, such as the majority of structural alloys made of aluminium, magnesium, nickel, and titanium as well as some steels and stainless steels. Precipitation-strengthening of an alloy system requires the presence of a terminal solid solution with a decreasing solid solubility with decreasing temperature. Solution treatment, quenching, and ageing are the three fundamental processes in the precipitation-hardening process.
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Help this is very hard and I don't get it
Answer:
yes it is very hard you should find a reccomended doctor to aid in your situation. But in the meantime how about you give me that lil brainliest thingy :p
A full-wave bridge-rectifier circuit with a 1-k load operates from a 120-V (rms) 60-Hz household supply through a 12-to-1 step-down transformer having a single secondary winding. It uses four diodes, each of which can be modeled to have a 0.7-V drop for any current. What is the peak value of the rectified voltage across the load? For what fraction of a cycle does each diode conduct? What is the average voltage across the load? What is the average current through the load?
Answer:
The average current will be "10.12 mA".
Explanation:
In the transformer:
⇒ \(\frac{V1}{V2}=\frac{N1}{N2}\)
where,
V1 = 120
N2 = 1
N1 = 10
So that,
⇒ \(V2=V1\times \frac{N2}{N1}\)
On putting the values,
\(=120\times \frac{1}{10}\)
\(=12V \ rms\)
The full wave rectifier would conducts during positive and negative half.
⇒ \(Vmax=12-0.7\)
\(=11.3V \ rms\)
⇒ \(Vpeak=11.3\sqrt{2}\)
\(=15.9V\)
⇒ \(Vaverage=2Vmax \ \pi\)
\(=10.12 \ V\)
The amount conducted by each diode is 50%.
⇒ \(Iaverage=\frac{Vaverage}{R}\)
\(=\frac{10.12}{1}\)
\(=10.12 \ mA\)
composite vaulting pole, has a diameter of about 50 mm
and the pole is being bent to a radius of curvature, R , of about 0.5 m. Determine the peak stress on
the outer surface of a 50% fibre pole with a Em = 3 GPa and Ef = 90 GPa
To determine the peak stress on the outer surface of a 50% fibre composite vaulting pole that has a diameter of about 50 mm and is being bent to a radius of curvature, R, of about 0.5 m, we can use the following formula:
σ = (M/Z) * y
where,σ = stress
M = bending moment
Z = section modulus
y = distance from the neutral axis
To find M, we can use the following formula:
M = (Em/Ef) * (ρc/ρf) * (π/4) * d^3 * (1/R)where,
Em = modulus of elasticity of matrixEf = modulus of elasticity of fibre
ρc = density of the matrixρf = density of the fibreπ = 3.14d = diameter of the pole
R = radius of curvatureNow, substituting the given values:
M = (3/90) * (0.5/1.5) * (π/4) * (0.05)^3 * (1/0.5)M
= 0.000216 Nm
To find Z, we can use the following formula:
Z = (π/32) * d^4 * (ρf/ρc) * (Ef/Em) * (1 + (3h/d)^2)
where,h = height of the pole
Now, substituting the given values:
Z = (π/32) * (0.05)^4 * (0.5/1.5) * (90/3) * (1 + (3(0.5)/0.05)^2)Z
= 0.0001586 m^3To find y, we can use the following formula:
y = (d/2) * (ρf/ρc)where,ρc = density of the matrix
ρf = density of the fibre
Now, substituting the given values:y = (0.05/2) * (0.5/1.5)y = 0.00833 m
Substituting the values of M, Z, and y in the formula for stress, we get:σ = (M/Z) * yσ = (0.000216/0.0001586) * 0.00833σ = 11.77 MPa
Therefore, the peak stress on the outer surface of a 50% fibre composite vaulting pole with a diameter of about 50 mm and being bent to a radius of curvature, R, of about 0.5 m is 11.77 MPa.
Composite materials are known for their remarkable strength and durability, making them ideal for use in a variety of applications. One of these applications is in the production of vaulting poles used in pole vaulting, a track and field event that involves athletes using a long, flexible pole to clear a bar that is suspended above the ground. The poles used in this event are typically made of a composite material that consists of a matrix material, such as epoxy resin, and a reinforcing material, such as carbon fibre or fibreglass. These materials are chosen for their high strength-to-weight ratio, which allows the poles to be both strong and flexible. The strength of the pole is determined by its modulus of elasticity, which is a measure of its ability to resist deformation under load. The modulus of elasticity of the matrix material, Em, and the reinforcing material, Ef, are key factors in determining the strength of the pole. The density of these materials is also important, as it affects the weight of the pole. The peak stress on the outer surface of a pole is an important factor to consider when designing the pole, as it determines the maximum load that the pole can handle before it fails. In order to determine the peak stress on the outer surface of a 50% fibre composite vaulting pole with a diameter of about 50 mm and being bent to a radius of curvature, R, of about 0.5 m, we can use the formula σ = (M/Z) * y, where M is the bending moment, Z is the section modulus, and y is the distance from the neutral axis. By using the appropriate values for Em, Ef, density, diameter, and radius of curvature, we can calculate the peak stress on the outer surface of the pole.
In conclusion, the peak stress on the outer surface of a 50% fibre composite vaulting pole with a diameter of about 50 mm and being bent to a radius of curvature, R, of about 0.5 m, is 11.77 MPa. The strength of the pole is determined by its modulus of elasticity, which is a measure of its ability to resist deformation under load. The modulus of elasticity of the matrix material, Em, and the reinforcing material, Ef, are key factors in determining the strength of the pole. The density of these materials is also important, as it affects the weight of the pole. The peak stress on the outer surface of a pole is an important factor to consider when designing the pole, as it determines the maximum load that the pole can handle before it fails. Overall, composite vaulting poles are an excellent example of how composite materials can be used to create strong and durable structures that are ideal for a wide range of applications.
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