the leading cause of preventable death among college students in the united states is

Answers

Answer 1

The leading cause of preventable death among college students in the United States is alcohol-related incidents and alcohol abuse.

Alcohol misuse and its consequences have been a significant concern on college campuses. Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to various risks and harms, including accidents, injuries, impaired judgment, and long-term health consequences. Binge drinking, defined as consuming a large amount of alcohol in a short period, is particularly prevalent among college students and contributes to the heightened risk.

Alcohol-related incidents such as alcohol poisoning, accidents, falls, and automobile crashes are responsible for a significant number of preventable deaths among college students. Additionally, long-term alcohol abuse can lead to serious health issues such as liver disease, cardiovascular problems, and mental health disorders.

Various factors contribute to the prevalence of alcohol-related incidents on college campuses, including peer pressure, social norms, stress, and limited awareness of the potential risks associated with excessive drinking. Institutions and communities have implemented prevention and education programs to address alcohol misuse, promote responsible drinking behaviors, and provide support for students struggling with alcohol-related issues.

Efforts to reduce alcohol-related harm among college students involve initiatives such as awareness campaigns, educational programs, counseling services, and policy enforcement. Promoting a culture of responsible drinking and fostering a supportive environment that encourages healthy behaviors are key to addressing this significant cause of preventable death among college students in the United States.

Know more about College Students here:

https://brainly.com/question/29083176

#SPJ11


Related Questions

nonsense= reported

[ EPP 4]

by: johnglenleemahusay

nonsense= reported[ EPP 4] by: johnglenleemahusay

Answers

Answer:

wish i knew what langue this was

Explanation:

Carbon in the air enters a food chain through producers.

In what ways is carbon returned to the air?

Select all that apply.

Responses

through consumers putting together carbon containing molecules to make matter through consumers putting together carbon containing molecules to make matter

through consumers breaking apart carbon containing molecules for energy through consumers breaking apart carbon containing molecules for energy

through producers breaking apart carbon containing molecules for energy through producers breaking apart carbon containing molecules for energy

through producers putting together carbon containing molecules to make matter

Carbon in the air enters a food chain through producers.In what ways is carbon returned to the air?Select

Answers

Carbon is released again into the ecosystem when organisms die, volcanoes erupt, fires blaze, fossil fuels are burned, and thru a range of different mechanisms.

What are the ways in which carbon dioxide is returned to the?

The three ways by using which CO2 is again back into atmosphere are: (i) By the decomposition of dead organic matter. (ii) As the product of respiratory by way of both flora and animals. (iii) As the gaseous waste fashioned by using the combustion of fuels like coal, wood, petrol and gaseous fuels.

Carbon dioxide (CO2): Carbon dioxide enters the ecosystem thru burning fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil), strong waste, bushes and different biological materials, and also as a end result of certain chemical reactions (e.g., manufacture of cement).

Learn more about Carbon here:

https://brainly.com/question/22963529#SPJ1

What decisions does the business cycle help businesses make? choose four answers. whether to stay at old facilities or move to new facilities whether to grow or shrink the business whether to keep or change products whether to increase or decrease production whether to hire or lay off workers whether to invest or save money

Answers

The business cycle enables various entities to make certain decisions relating to enhancing or shortening the business, upgrading or winding up the manufacturing, making investments in new projects or saving the funds, and hiring more employees or terminating the existing ones.

What is the business cycle?

The business cycle refers to the defined stages which are affected by the variations in the GDP of a country. It is also impacted by varied economic factors like the rate of interest and customer behavior.

After analyzing all the economic factors, the business firms can take an informed decision about their business whether to expand or not, their business funds whether to invest or save, their employed workforce whether to terminate or hire new ones, etc.

Learn more about the business cycle here:

https://brainly.com/question/3498167

Answer:

2. whether to grow or shrink the business

4. whether to increase or decrease production

5. whether to hire or lay off workers

6. whether to invest or save money

Explanation:

got it correct on edge 2022

What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?


Osmosis is a kind of diffusion that involves movement of water.


Diffusion uses energy, but osmosis does not.


Osmosis is movement of proteins, and diffusion is movement of water.


Diffusion only occurs in animal cells, and osmosis only occurs in plant cells.

Answers

Answer:

Osmosis is a kind of diffusion that involves movement of water.

Explanation:

Hope this helps!

Please mark me as Brainlinieast.

Answer:

This is the answer "Osmosis is a kind of diffusion that involves movement of water."

Explanation:

Take thy quiz, young one.

I only need 6 and 7. 25 points, please help

I only need 6 and 7. 25 points, please help

Answers

6. Might be C look them up one by one very simple and definitions show up

7.no idea

kristin richmond, one of the founders of revolution foods, believes that the objective of revolution foods is to provide higher-quality ingredients to cultivate healthier lifestyles for all because that is the way she would want to be treated as a consumer of healthy foods. which ethical guideline does richmond believe it?

Answers

Kristin Richmond, one of the founders of revolution foods, will have to follow the guidelines that will be presented. This will include quality, hygiene, and behavior.

What is the ethical guideline?

Ethical guidelines can be termed as the process in which people need to follow some things that will have some kind of morale and will be pledged to do so.

The life that is given will be of a healthier nature.

The amount present should be determined by the healthy goods.

The packaging that is provided will be safe and should be considered recyclable.

The proper use of the goods will be present. No stall product should be present.

Learn more about ethical guideline, here:

https://brainly.com/question/29572598

#SPJ1

christian ethics are rooted in the biblical conviction that

Answers

Christian ethics are rooted in the biblical conviction that God is the ultimate authority and source of morality.

Christian ethics are rooted in the biblical conviction that God is the ultimate source of moral authority and that His revealed will provides the foundation for ethical behavior. Christians believe that the Bible, consisting of the Old and New Testaments, is inspired by God and contains teachings and principles that guide their ethical decision-making.

Christian ethics emphasize the importance of a personal relationship with God and living according to His commandments and teachings. The Ten Commandments, for example, provide a foundational moral framework for believers, covering areas such as worshiping God alone, honoring parents, not stealing, not committing adultery, and not bearing false witness.

Additionally, the life and teachings of Jesus Christ are considered central to Christian ethics. Jesus taught principles such as love, compassion, forgiveness, humility, justice, and care for the marginalized and oppressed. His example of self-sacrifice and his commandment to love God and love one's neighbor are considered fundamental to Christian ethics.

Christian ethics also emphasize the concept of the "golden rule," which states, "So whatever you wish that others would do to you, do also to them" (Matthew 7:12). This principle of treating others with kindness, fairness, and respect is seen as an expression of Christian love and the pursuit of moral integrity.

In addition to the teachings of the Bible, Christian ethical frameworks may also draw on the guidance of church traditions, historical theologians, and ethical reasoning. Christian ethical perspectives may differ on specific issues and their interpretations of biblical teachings, leading to diverse approaches within the broader Christian community.

It's important to note that while Christian ethics provide a moral framework for believers, not all individuals or denominations may interpret or apply these principles in the same way. Different Christian traditions and individuals may have nuanced understandings and variations in ethical practices based on their theological perspectives and cultural contexts.

To learn more about christian ethics- https://brainly.com/question/29392420

#SPJ11

which term defines the strategy for selection, recruiting, and hiring processes?

Answers

The strategy for selection, recruiting, and hiring processes is referred to as "talent acquisition."

Talent acquisition is a comprehensive strategy that organizations employ to effectively manage their hiring processes. It involves a range of activities aimed at finding and securing the best-suited candidates for specific roles within the company.

To begin with, talent acquisition involves creating well-defined job descriptions that outline the required skills, qualifications, and responsibilities for a given position. This helps to attract potential candidates who possess the desired attributes and align with the organization's needs.

The next step in talent acquisition is sourcing candidates. This can involve various approaches such as internal referrals, job boards, social media platforms, and professional networks. The goal is to reach a diverse pool of candidates and identify those who meet the requirements.

Once potential candidates are identified, the talent acquisition process typically involves conducting interviews and assessments to evaluate their suitability for the position. This may include technical assessments, behavioral interviews, and cultural fit evaluations. The information gathered during this stage helps in making informed decisions about the most qualified individuals.

Ultimately, talent acquisition aims to secure the best candidates by extending offers and managing the onboarding process. This includes negotiating compensation packages, providing necessary information and resources, and ensuring a smooth transition for new hires into the organization.

Learn more about hiring here:

https://brainly.com/question/2158595

#SPJ11

Who was the Lost Generation and why were they dissatisfied with America?

Answers

The "Lost Generation" grew up either in the immediate aftermath of World War I or during it. They disregarded the customs of the previous generation after witnessing the atrocities of war. Several well-known American writers and poets, like Ernest Hemingway and Gertrude Stein, depicted their challenges in their writings.

What is war?

War is a violent armed conflict between states, governments, society, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. It is characterized by severe violence, damage, and mortality and employs either conventional or irregular military troops. Warfare refers to the shared behaviors and characteristics of various types of war, as well as action in general.

American authors who came of age during World War I and made their names in literature in the 1920s are known as the "Lost Generation." The post-World War I generation is frequently referred to by this term in a broader sense.

Therefore, The "Lost Generation" was born either during or immediately after World War I.

Learn more about war here:

https://brainly.com/question/3445478

#SPJ4

Were Often hostile relations with Native Americans in the British colony or French colony?

Answers

Yep, it’s British colonies.

how does Hamilton characterize the general population

how does Hamilton characterize the general population

Answers

Hamilton's political theory led him to assume that a select few individuals rather than the majority could guide the American economy.

How does Hamilton characterize the lowest classes (common people)?

Hamilton's statement that "All communities separate oneself along a few and the many" says it up nicely. The majority of individuals are the second; the first are wealthy and well-born. Hamilton favored giving the federal government more authority over state governments. He felt that the growth of business required a strong federal government.

Additionally, it could prevent vigilantism like that saw during the Whiskey Rebellion.

To know more about Hamilton's Visit:

brainly.com/question/27837951

#SPJ1

it is important to back up most of your claims, but you need not back up all of them. select one: true false

Answers

Answer:

False

Explanation:

You need to back up ALL your claims to make your claims believable and if you don't the reader wont believe your claims  

Hope this helps : )

How were the ancient Egyptians’ advancements in the fields of astronomy and mathematics helpful to farmers?

Answers

Answer: Ancient Egyptians developed a calendar that linked seasons. This allowed farmers to plan when it was best to plant harvest crops.

Explanation: hope this was helpful!:)

The us preventive services task force has recommended that ________ be screened for anxiety and depression.

Answers

The us preventive services task force has recommended that All adults under 65 be screened for anxiety and depression.

Anxiety can be normal in stressful situations such as public speaking or taking a test. Anxiety is only an indicator of underlying disease when feelings become excessive, all-consuming, and interfere with daily living.

Anxiety is a feeling of fear, dread, and uneasiness. It might cause you to sweat, feel restless and tense, and have a rapid heartbeat. It can be a normal reaction to stress. For example, you might feel anxious when faced with a difficult problem at work, before taking a test, or before making an important decision.

Learn more about anxiety here:https://brainly.com/question/1754863
#SPJ4

Define nebulae (singular nebula)?

Answers

Answer:

Astronomy:

a cloud of gas in the outer space visible in the night sky either as an indistinct bright patch or as dark or as silhouette against other luminous matter.

Medicine:

a clouded spot on the cornea causing defective vision.

Answer: In Astronomy, a nebula (plural: nebulae) is a gas and dust cloud often seen deep in outer space.

Explanation: They are sometimes dubbed "stellar nurseries" because they may operate as birthplaces to millions of stars. Others are remnants originating from the finalizing explosions of other stars. Fun fact - even the most minuscule nebulae are at least a few light-years wide.

Hope this helps, and have a blessed day.

Medical and billing record requests must be acted on no later than ___________ after banner receives the request.

Answers

Medical and billing record requests must be acted on no later than thirty days after the banner receives the request.

What is a Medical Record?

This refers to the data kept about an individual's health issues, allergies, possible surgeries, psych evaluations, etc.

Hence, we can see that according to HIPAA Privacy Rule, the maximum time allowed for medical and billing records should be acted on is no later than 30 calendar days.

Read more about medical reports here:
https://brainly.com/question/21819443

#SPJ1

WILL MARK BRAINLYIST

Explore the effects of European exploration on the world. Explain at least three benefits that resulted from exploration and
three costs of exploration. Be sure to write your response in complete sentences

Answers

The three good things are that the Europeans found more land. Another thing is that they had more things to trade with the rest of the world. The third reason is that now we are familiar to more items than we would have.

The three bad things are that Europeans brought diseases from Europe to the Americas. People died from these illnesses. Another thing is that the Europeans stole the land of Native Americans. The third is that they had war between the two.

Hope this helps :)

Answer:

Hope it helps!

Explanation:

The settlers needed labor to produce enough food products for trade. When the American Indian slaves continued to die of diseases, the Europeans set their sights overseas. Africans were taken from their homelands and brought across the Atlantic Ocean to work. Many died along this journey. With the deaths of Africans and American Indians and the forced removal of people from their native cultures, it is no surprise that a loss of culture resulted from exploration

which is (are) st. thomas aquinas's component () of divine natural law theory? pick the correct answer each component is thought by aquinas to be essential. god created the universe, including human beings and other objects, with purposes. the purpose of objects in the world can be discerned using natural reason, with which god has endowed human beings the purpose for which god created an object determines its proper use.

Answers

The component of St. Thomas Aquinas' Holy Natural Law Theory that states that natural reason, which God has gifted humans with, may be used to determine an object's purpose in the universe is known as this.

What does it imply for Me?

Where we discover significance we want to achieve and contribute—is in our sense of purpose. Although purpose and employment can clearly be related, many people do not find their meaning in their jobs. Even though they are related, purpose encompasses more than simply a profession.

Why is having a purpose crucial?

When you are enthusiastic about your objectives, you are more likely to work harder to attain them. Understanding your purpose might help you find your passion. Even the most routine areas of your life may feel more enjoyable when you operate with purpose.

To know more about purpose visit:

https://brainly.com/question/28422239

#SPJ1

what should we do for the betterment of all the living creature​

Answers

Answer:

There are many things that individuals and communities can do to work toward the betterment of all living creatures. Some possible actions include:

1. Protect and preserve natural habitats: Work to preserve and protect natural habitats, such as forests, wetlands, and grasslands, to ensure that they remain healthy and vibrant environments for all types of wildlife.

2. Conserve water and energy: Use water and energy wisely to reduce the impact on the environment and to help preserve natural resources for future generations.

3. Reduce, reuse, and recycle: Reduce waste by using fewer resources, reusing items whenever possible, and recycling materials to conserve resources and reduce the amount of waste that ends up in landfills.

4. Support conservation organizations: Donate time or money to organizations that work to protect and preserve the environment, wildlife, and natural resources.

5. Educate others: Share knowledge and information with others about the importance of protecting and preserving the environment, wildlife, and natural resources, and encourage them to take action to help make a positive impact.

Answer: Stricter laws against poaching. Game hunting should be banned except when necessary culling is a factor. People could change their diets to include less meat. Though this would hurt cattle, pig, and fowl farmers in the short run, there are ways to compensate and diversify on a farm. In the long run, this would even help the general environment.

It would be nice, on a human level, if people could have a better tolerance for other people’s ways of life and opinions. Not everything is right/wrong, black or white. There’s more than a way to “skin a cat”. Sorry, bad joke there.

I think just using common sense and following the “golden rule” is a good template, but everyone needs to pay it forward. Cooperation is important as is compromise.

according to joseph smith, where do we need to start our search to get a correct understanding of the nature of god? group of answer choices

Answers

According to Joseph Smith,  we need to start our search in the beginning to get a correct understanding of the nature of god.

A central tenet of faith is understanding the nature of God. God is infinite, and therefore beyond the comprehension of human beings, but scripture, spiritual texts, and religious experiences can provide insight into the divine.

From these sources, we learn that God is all-loving, all-knowing, and all-powerful. We can also explore how this understanding of God informs our understanding of our relationship with the divine, with each other, and with the world we live in. By recognizing and understanding the nature of God, we can more fully understand and appreciate the power of faith.

To know more about nature, click here.

https://brainly.com/question/25917497

#SPJ4

different between economic and non-economic development

Answers

The measurement of economic activities is in monetary terms, whereas non-economic activities lack money measurement. Economic activities result in creation and accumulation of wealth as they are done to earn profit. Unlike non-economic activities which result in mental satisfaction and happiness

Hope this helped

A man is convicted of the federal crime of bankruptcy fraud in a federal court in San
Juan, Puerto Rico. The man feels that the trial judge made a critical error in instructing
the jury in his case. He wishes to file an appeal. In what place would a federal appellate
court normally hear the appeal of his conviction?
a. Massachusetts
b. Washington, D.C.
c. Puerto Rico
d. Pennsylvania

Answers

In the case of a man convicted of bankruptcy fraud in a federal court in San Juan, Puerto Rico, the appeal of his conviction would normally be heard in the federal appellate court located in Puerto Rico. Therefore, the correct answer is option c: Puerto Rico.

When filing an appeal, the general rule is that the appeal is heard in the jurisdiction where the original trial took place. In this scenario, the man was convicted in a federal court in San Juan, Puerto Rico. As Puerto Rico is a United States territory with its own federal court system, the federal appellate court in Puerto Rico would have jurisdiction over the appeal. It is important to note that federal appellate courts are established in various regions across the United States and its territories to handle appeals from the federal district courts within their respective jurisdictions. In this case, since the trial took place in Puerto Rico, the appellate court located in Puerto Rico would normally hear the appeal.

Learn more about courts here: brainly.com/question/8433911

#SPJ11

Many psychologists believe that because psychologists are human, they cannot be _____, even if they try.

Answers

It is a common belief that because psychologists are human as well, they cannot be truly unbiased.

Psychology and biasA psychologist needs to have independent opinions on situations affecting clients. This ensures that the client gets the best help.

With psychologists being human however, it would be impossible for them to be completely impartial and unbiased because their personal opinions will seep into their advice.

Find out more on psychologists at https://brainly.com/question/12011520.

the location of the place helps in determining which thing of a place?

Answers

The location of the place helps in determining the coordinates of longitude and latitude of such place.

What is a location coordinates?

A location coordinates, also known as GPS coordinates means those unique identifier of a precise geographic location on the earth that are most expressed in alphanumeric characters.

These coordinates are points of intersection in a grid system that are usually expressed as the combination of latitude and longitude. The Lines of latitude coordinates measure degrees of distance north and south from the equator, which is 0 degrees and the lines of longitude coordinates are measured according to 90 degrees east and west from that point.

Therefore, the location of the place helps in determining the coordinates of longitude and latitude of such place.

Read more about location coordinates

brainly.com/question/1939015

#SPJ1

Howard Gardner suggests that the ability to understand nature is a type of intelligence. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F.

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

It's called naturalistic intelligence

A new popular movie depicts a grisly scene of teen violence against senior citizens. Although the criminals in the movie are caught and punished, city officials are dismayed to discover that similar acts of violence increase across the city shortly after the movie opens. A reporter decides to compare crime rates before and after the movie to determine if the movie has stimulated teen violence. Can the reporter then conclude that watching a violent film can induce violent behavior? Why or why not?

Answers

Answer:

why many of the teenagers they are finding themselves, and they usually do what they see on TV

Explanation:

In some societies group performance is more important than individual performance and group goals are more important than individual goals. This is an example of cultural differences in ________________.
A. Uncertainty avoidance
B. Individualism/Collectivism
C. Power distance
D. Time orientation
E. Masculinity/Femininity

Answers

Option B, This is an example of cultural differences in collectivism vs individualism. In certain communities, individual performance is not as valued as group performance.

In collectivism cultures, the group and its goals are prioritized above individual needs and goals. In contrast, collectivism cultures prioritize individual achievement and personal goals. This can manifest in various ways, such as in work environments where team collaboration is emphasized in collectivism cultures and individual performance is rewarded in collectivism cultures. It can also affect social dynamics, with collectivism cultures placing more emphasis on community and interdependence.

Learn more about collectivism here:

https://brainly.com/question/28436691

#SPJ4

Why do you think the colonies grew larger in area as you go South?​

Answers

Answer:

Colonies grew because of farms and plantations

Explanation:

Farming for various products, such as cotton, rice, and tobacco, plus many of these farmers owned slaves. these two parts led to large colonies in the south.

Help me right now! What is a counterclaim for human rights?

Answers

Answer:

a legal tool for host States when human rights abuses occur by the investor under the scope of an investment project.

joshua, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is napoleon. he further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the mental hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. joshua is most likely suffering from

Answers

"Joshua, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the mental hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Joshua is most likely suffering from schizophrenia."

Schizophrenia is a serious mental dis-order in which people inter-pret reality ab-normally. Schizophrenia may result in some combi-nation of hallucinations, delusions, & extremely disorder-ed thinking and behavior that imp-airs daily functioning, and can be dis-abling. People with schizophrenia require life-long treatment. The exact causes of schizophrenia are un-known. Research suggests a combi-nation of physical, genetic, psycho-logical and environ-mental factors can make a person more likely to develop the condition.

To know more about schizophrenia click below:

brainly.com/question/9414853

#SPJ4

Other Questions
which type of internal laptop hard drive combines high performance and capacity at a relatively low device cost? ssd flash drive magnetic drive usb drive sshd Comider a system described by the difference equation, y(n)=f(n1)y(n2)+0.5k(n)+0.5x(n1) Find the complete response of this yystem in the input x(n)=(0.5) n u(n) with intial conditions, y[1]=0.75y[2]=0.25 In Ukzten in 2010 consumption was $3,000 billion, GDP $5,000 billion, imports $600 billion, export $400 billion, and investment $1,100 billion. Where was Ukzten's government spending in 2010 Listed below is a table showing the number of employees. 20 years or older by gender in the United states Enter the numbers in order from least to greatest. -2.9, 2.2, 3.2, -3.1 The environments in which businesses operate are increasingly ____, requiring managers to be ready to react and respond to even subtle environmental shifts. a. static b. universal c. constant d. dynamic e. traditional an injection of concentrated sodium chloride triggers osmotic thrist, but an injection of equally concentrated glucose does not. why not? We are seeing a number of police departments and prosecutors take interest in these issues and really try to prevent them. . . .So what kinds of things did they recommend? Number one, they talked about having checklists for investigations. And these are checklists that they recommended not simply for police and prosecutors, but also for defense lawyers, particularly when their defendant has an alibi. . . . If you can do that, you can stop some investigations earlier than others.Wrongful Convictions,Jon GouldWhich details from the excerpt add to readers understanding about how to help prevent wrongful convictions? Check all that apply.A. Some police departments and prosecutors are taking an interest in the issue of wrongful convictions.B. Checklists can be instrumental in helping people avoid investigative mistakes.C. It is recommended that police, prosecutors, and defense lawyers use checklists during investigations and trials.D. Defense lawyers who have defendants with alibis would particularly benefit from checklists.E. Some investigations continue long after they should have been dropped.ANSWER is B,C, D About half of the progeny from the testcross described in problem 48 were hairy, tall, and the other half were hairy, dwarf, and you should have identified the genotype of the double-dominant parent as HHDd. If the double-dominant parent involved in the testcross was HhDD, what phenotypes would occur in the testcross progeny? In what frequencies would these phenotypes be expected? Find the missing measure. 50 x CHECK ALL THAT APPLY: How do you find the main idea? Topic: Geometry and rectangular prismsWrite a formula to find the weight of an object using itsdensity. Economically speaking, wheredoes the region of Africa which issouth of the Sahara Desert rank?A. It is considered the poorest region in theworld.B. It is considered the wealthiest region in theAfrica.C. It is considered the wealthiest region in theworld. Which expression is equivalent to x^2 + 10x + 24?(x + 12)(x - 2)(x + 8)(x + 2)(x + 6)(x + 4)(x + 8)(x + 3) 4. Explain the gold-salt trade between North & West Africans: A ratio station collects donations for a new board cast tower. The cost of construction is $25.50 per inch. How much does it cost to fund 4.5 inches of the construction? Mr teardrop says that he has been bitten by a spider lateral to his umbicuous on the anterior aspect of his body so period was hips on the right side of his body. In the activity, place an indication where where the patient describes the location. how are the governments of jordan and kuwait different from the governments in the united arab amerates and omen machinery was purchased on january 1 for $70,000. the machinery has an estimated life of 7 years and an estimated salvage value of $9,000. double-declining-balance depreciation for the second year would be Factors that work generically against any foreign substance entering the host are described asA. innate immunity.B. specific immunity.C. irregular immunity.D. immune metabolism.