The movement of ______ over time, which affected environments on Earth, has been offered as a possible explanation of mass extinctions of organisms on Earth.

Answer:

Both.

Explanation:

Both ridge-push and slab-pull is responsible for the formation of Mid-oceanic ridges. Ridge push occurs due to gravitational force. As the rocks near the ridge cool down, they become denser as compared to the Mantle so the gravity pulls them away whereas, Slab pull is the pulling force exerted by a cold, dense oceanic plate dive quickly into the mantle due to its higher weight as compared to Mantle. So both ridge-push and slab-pull occurs at the Mid-oceanic ridges.

Answer:

It doesn't specify what tropical cyclone, but those destroy a lot of a particular area and it costs a lot to make up for one. People may lose loved ones and their whole life.

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Answer:

cheaper to move goods over land.

Answer:

by water

Explanation:

just took the quiz and got it

Answer:

The answer would be 90° West. How? Let me explain. * The station A is at 60° West with local time 6:30 PM. * Station B has local time 4:30 PM.

Answer: It is because Europe was home to the Roman and Holy Roman empires and the Crusades are from Christan Europe. The Roman Emperor (Constantine), forced all of his citizens to be Christians, although Christianity was derived from the Middle East. Another way, was the followers of Jesus also migrated to Europe and spread the religion.

Answer:

Lithostatic pressure, the stress exerted on a body of rock by surrounding rock, is pressure in Earth's crust somewhat analogous to hydrostatic pressure in fluids. Lithostatic pressure increases with depth below Earth's surface.

Explanation: Abstract

We use numerical models to study the mechanical stability of magma reservoirs embedded in elastic host rock. We quantify the overpressure required to open tensile fractures (the failure overpressure), as a function of the depth and the size of the reservoir, the loading by the volcanic edifice, and the pore fluid pressure in the crust. We show that the pore fluid pressure is the most important parameter controlling the magnitude of the failure overpressure rather than the reservoir depth and the edifice load. Under lithostatic pore fluid pressure conditions, the failure overpressure is on the order of the rock tensile strength (a few tens of megapascals). Under zero pore fluid pressure conditions, the failure overpressure increases linearly with depth (a few hundreds of megapascals at 5 km depth). We use our models to forecast the failure displacement (the cumulative surface displacement just before an eruption) on volcanoes showing unrest: Sinabung and Agung (Indonesia) and Okmok and Westdahl (Aleutian). By comparison between our forecast and the observation, we provide valuable constraint on the pore fluid pressure conditions on the volcanic system. At Okmok, the occurrence of the 2008 eruption can be explained with a 1,000 m reservoir embedded in high pore fluid pressure, whereas the absence of eruption at Westdahl better suggests that the pore fluid pressure is much lower than lithostatic. Our finding suggests that the pore fluid pressure conditions around the reservoir may play an important role in the triggering of an eruption by encouraging or discouraging the failure of the reservoir.

1 Introduction

The past decades have provided a wealth of observations of ground surface deformation before, during, and after volcanic eruptions using Global Positioning System (GPS), tiltmeters, strainmeters, or satellite radar interferometry (InSAR). Observed preeruption inflation ranges from a few centimeters prior to the 2006 Augustine eruption, Alaska (Cervelli et al., 2006) to several meters at Sierra Negra volcano, Galapagos Islands (Geist et al., 2008). An important question for hazard assessment is whether detected inflation is a precursor for an eruption (Biggs et al., 2014; Chaussard et al., 2013; Dzurisin, 2003; Moran et al., 2011). There are many observations of preeruptive inflation at basaltic volcanoes, for example, at Krafla and Grimsvötn in Iceland (Bjornsson et al., 1979; Ewart et al., 1991; Lengliné et al., 2008; Reverso et al., 2014; Sturkell et al., 2006), Kilauea in Hawaii (Dvorak & Dzurisin, 1993), Fernandina in the Galapagos Islands (Bagnardi & Amelung, 2012), Axial Seamount in the Pacific ridge (Nooner & Chadwick, 2009), and Okmok in Alaska (Lu et al., 1998, 2010). For several andesitic and dacitic volcanoes arc-wide, InSAR surveys have documented preeruptive inflation (Chaussard & Amelung, 2012; Chaussard et al., 2013; Lu & Dzurisin, 2014; Pritchard & Simons, 2002; 2004). In contrast, other volcanic systems can show unrest in form of ground deformation, earthquakes swarms, large heat, and gas emissions for months to decades without eruption (Acocella et al., 2015; López et al., 2012; Lowenstern et al., 2006; Martí et al., 2013; Newhall & Dzurisin, 1988). This is the case of many silicic caldera volcanoes such as Long Valley (Hill, 1984; Newman et al., 2006), Santorini (Newman et al., 2012; Parks et al., 2012), Yellowstone (Chang et al., 2007; Wicks et al., 2006), Campi Flegrei (Amoruso et al., 2007; Beauducel et al., 2004; Di Vito et al., 1999; Gottsmann et al., 2006; Lundgren et al., 2001; Orsi et al., 1999; Samsonov et al., 2014; Trasatti et al., 2008; Troise et al., 2007; Vilardo et al., 2009), or Laguna del Maule (Feigl et al., 2014; Le Mével et al., 2015).

The inflation of the ground surface in volcanic areas results from stress changes in the crust due to the accumulation of magma or the exsolution of gas inside reservoirs or due to the propagation of magma through intrusions or conduits. Such surface displacements are often modeled at first order by analytical solutions such as point pressure sources (Mogi, 1958), finite spherical sources (McTigue, 1987), or dislocations (Okada, 1985) embedded in an elastic half-space. In a case by case approach, more realistic models based on numerical techniques have been also developed to better explain volcanic ground deformation. Such models can take into account the rheology of the crust, the heterogeneities of the rock properties and the topography of the volcano (Currenti et al., 2010; Del Negro et al., 2009; De Natale et al., 1997; Geyer & Gottsmann, 2010; Ronchin et al., 2015).

Nagurskoye air base and Sredny Ostrov airfield are Russian bases located in the Arctic region of the world.

The Nagurskoye airbase is a military installation that is being upgraded by the Russian Federation, while the Sredny Ostrov airfield is a new Arctic airfield that was built to replace the Nagurskoye airfield in the Arctic. These two airfields are located on Alexandra Land, an island in the Arctic Ocean, and are considered to be critical to Russia's Arctic interests.

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Answer:

\(S(x,y) = (4.4,4.4)\)

Explanation:

This question requires an attachment;

I'll answer your question using the attached figure

From the attached;

\(R = (2,2)\)

\(T = (14,14)\)

Required

Calculate S

RS/RT implies that RS:RT = 1:4

The line ration formula is as follows;

\(S(x,y) = (\frac{mx_2 + nx_1}{m+n}, \frac{my_2 + ny_1}{m+n})\)

In this case;

\(m = 1; n = 4\)

\(x_1 = 2; y_1 = 2\)

\(x_2 = 14; y_2= 14\)

Substitute

\(S(x,y) = (\frac{1 * 14 + 4 * 2}{1+4}, \frac{1 * 14 + 4 * 2}{1+4})\)

\(S(x,y) = (\frac{14 + 8}{5}, \frac{14 + 8}{5})\)

\(S(x,y) = (\frac{22}{5}, \frac{22}{5})\)

\(S(x,y) = (4.4,4.4)\)

Hence, the coordinates of point S is \(S(x,y) = (4.4,4.4)\)

The definition of sustainability as given in the Brundtland Report of the United Nations in 1987 is: "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."

While the economic factors are important, sustainability also accounts for the environmental and social consequences of human activity., the process of recycling aluminium cans is a 'cyclical rather than linear' process, which results in the continuous use of materials.

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True conclusion is Triangle ABC is not a right triangle,  the fact that triangle ABC is not a right triangle does not lead to the true conclusion that the triangle does not have a right angle..

The complete question should be Does the fact that triangle ABC is not a right triangle lead to the true conclusion that the triangle does not have a right angle?

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Answer:

Opposite

Explanation:

Friction always acts in a direction opposite to the direction of motion

Answer:

The pacific ocean is the biggest ocean in the world and 18 percent of people live in China.

Explanation:

Hope it helped!

Answer:

Tectonic movement and Erosion.

Explanation:

The most important factor that controls the seasonal distribution of rain in the Tropical Savanna Climate (Aw) is B. north-south migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the Subtropical High.

The Tropical Savanna Climate (Aw) is characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons, with most of the rainfall occurring during the wet season.

The main factor that controls the seasonal distribution of rain in this climate is the north-south migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the Subtropical High (STH).

The ITCZ is a band of low pressure that circles the Earth near the equator, where the trade winds from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres converge. The STH is a band of high pressure that is located between 20° and 35° latitude in both hemispheres.

The north-south migration of the ITCZ and the STH is caused by the seasonal shift of the sun's direct rays between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.

During the wet season, the ITCZ is located over the Tropical Savanna Climate (Aw), bringing heavy rainfall to the region. During the dry season, the ITCZ migrates away from the Tropical Savanna Climate (Aw), and the STH moves in, bringing dry and stable conditions to the region.

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Answer:

sweetie no, dont think about that.

Explanation:

Rocky material from the Earth's interior can reach the surface, and be pushed and folded upward during the process of mountain building. One of the processes that work to return this material to the Earth's interior is erosion.

The process of mountain building is known as Orogenesis. The Greek word Orogenesis is derived from Oros means mountain and Genesis mean formation. Due to the tectonic movements sometimes the earth's interior materials are pushed to the earth's surface and get folded and rise upward this is known as mountain building. In this way, fold mountains are formed.

When the newly formed folded structure undergoes some sort of changes due to the erosional activities by the agents of nature like air, water, glacier, etc. known as erosion.  

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The most effective strategy for this has been carefully selecting the ideas and information that voters receive.

Governments in liberal democracies have the power to shape key political decisions through various means. They are elected by the people and have the authority to enact policies, create laws, and make important decisions that impact the nation.

Governments can shape political decisions through the legislative process, where they propose and pass laws that reflect their agenda and priorities. They also have executive powers to implement and enforce policies.

Additionally, governments can influence political decisions through the appointment of officials, negotiation and diplomacy with other countries, and engaging with public opinion through democratic processes such as elections and public consultations.

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The given question is incomplete. Hence, the complete question is:

Governments in liberal democracies have been able to shape key political decisions. The most effective strategy for this has been

Answer:

The manufacturing industry can create many enviromental problems precisely because it is an economic sector that consists in the use and transformation of natural resources and raw materials, into finished goods.

Explanation:

One enviromental challenge the manufacturing industry can create is pollution. Many industries are highly pollutant with the enviroment, for example, the textile industry. For this reason, industrial firms must develop enviromental plans in order to reduce and mitigate the impact.

Another enviromental challenge is the indirect creation of waste. Manufacturing firms offer physical goods to their customers, and many of these goods are disposable, meaning that they can only be used once, leading to the accumulation of garbage and waste in landfills, in the streets, and in the ocean.

Answer:

Where two tectonic plates meet at a subduction zone, one bends and slides underneath the other, curving down into the mantle.The mantle is the hotter layer under the crust.At a subduction zone, the oceanic crust usually sinks into the mantle beneath lighter continental crust

Explanation:

Answer:  The highest points of intensity for WF4-358 include 390nm, 402nm, and 420nm (all estimated by x-axis locations in 10 nm increments).

Explanation:

These are the closest approximate wavelengths along the x-axis that correspond to the highest intensities along the y-axis for WF4-358.

The correct matching of worldviews with their description is as follows:

Surplus food energy- The Age of Agriculture Holocene - The Age of Integration Writing- The Age of InformationNuclear and Hydro Power- Renewable Energy Early global warming- Ice Age Internet- Social Media Anthropocene- The Age of the Hunter Gatherer Food energy is an energy source that is used to provide energy for the body.

The Age of Agriculture is the time when humans began to grow their food and domesticated animals, which led to an increase in food surplus, and a settled lifestyle. The Holocene is a geological epoch that started about 11,700 years ago. During this time, humans started to build civilizations and integrate societies. Language and writing have allowed humans to communicate, share ideas and knowledge, and pass it on to future generations. Writing is a tool that allowed for information to be stored and preserved, which has helped the Age of Information.Nuclear and hydro-power are sources of renewable energy that are clean and efficient. Early global warming refers to a period of warming that occurred during the last ice age, which began about 20,000 years ago. The Internet has revolutionized the way people communicate and access information. Social media has changed the way people interact and has become a significant part of modern society. Anthropocene is a geological epoch in which humans have had a significant impact on the earth. The Age of the Hunter Gatherer was the earliest stage of human development, characterized by a nomadic lifestyle and hunting and gathering for food.

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Answer: ?

Explanation: Where is the screenshot?

Light, Water and Temperature.

Some positive effects of international trade agreements include trade agreements between countries, lower trade barriers on imported goods, and according to theory, they should provide welfare gains to consumers from increases in variety, and have access to better quality products and lower prices.

Common erosional shoreline features include;

This is further explained below.

Generally, erosional shorelines have in insignificant sediment, whereas depositional coasts have a lot of sediment that accumulates over time.

In conclusion, wave-cut cliffs, wave-cut platforms, marine terraces, sea arches, sea stacks are common erosional shoreline features.

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The principle of stratigraphy is based on the formation of sedimentary rocks in distinct layers or strata over time. By studying these layers and the fossils they contain, geologists can determine the relative ages of rocks and reconstruct Earth's geological history.

Sedimentary rocks are formed through the process of deposition, where sediments such as sand, mud, and organic matter accumulate over time. As these sediments settle, they form layers, with each layer representing a distinct period of deposition. These layers can vary in thickness, composition, and fossil content.

The principle of stratigraphy relies on the concept of superposition, which states that in undisturbed rock sequences, the younger rocks are found on top of older rocks. This principle forms the basis for establishing the relative ages of different rock layers and the fossils they contain. By studying the characteristics of these layers, such as the type of sediment, the presence of specific fossils, and the composition of the rock itself, geologists can reconstruct the geological history of an area.

Fossils play a crucial role in stratigraphy as they provide evidence of past life forms and help determine the relative age of the rocks in which they are found. Fossils are typically found in specific layers of sedimentary rock, and their presence or absence can indicate the relative age of those layers. By examining the fossil assemblages in different rock layers, scientists can identify and correlate specific periods of time, allowing for the development of a geological timeline.

Overall, the principle of stratigraphy allows geologists to understand the sequence of events that have occurred in Earth's history, including the deposition of sediments, changes in environmental conditions, and the evolution and extinction of organisms. It provides a valuable tool for reconstructing past environments, studying the Earth's geological processes, and unraveling the complex history of our planet.

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