Two substances at different temperatures are brought together and allowed to reach thermal equilibrium. Substance A has a specific heat capacity that is four times that of substance B. The mass of substance B is four times the mass of substance A. Which statement best describes the final temperature of the two substances after they are allowed to reach thermal equilibrium? The relative final temperature cannot be determined based on the information given. The final temperature will be closer to the initial temperature of substance A. The final temperature will be closer to the initial temperature of substance B. The final temperature will be midway between the initial temperatures of the two substances.
Answers
The final temperature will be closer to the initial temperature of substance A.
When two substances with different temperatures are brought together and allowed to reach thermal equilibrium, their final temperature depends on their specific heat capacities and masses. In this case, substance A has a specific heat capacity four times that of substance B, and substance B has a mass four times that of substance A.
This means that substance
A can absorb more heat per unit mass than substance B. Therefore, the final temperature will be closer to the initial temperature of substance A, as it can absorb more heat and cause less change in its temperature.
Summary: Considering the specific heat capacity and mass differences between the two substances, the final temperature after reaching thermal equilibrium will be closer to the initial temperature of substance A.
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Related Questions
A car travels 240,000m in 7200s and a sprinter travles 100m in 9.5s.which is traveling faster and by how muhc?
Answers
Given that the distance traveled by car is
\(d_c=240000\text{ m}\)The time taken by car is
\(t_c\text{ = 7200 s}\)The distance traveled by the sprinter is
\(d_s\text{ = 100 m}\)The time taken by the sprinter is
\(t_s\text{ = 9.5 s}\)We have to find that which is traveling faster and by how much.
First, we need to calculate the individual speed of the car and the sprinter.
The speed of the car can be calculated as
\(\begin{gathered} v_c=\text{ }\frac{d_c}{t_c} \\ =\frac{240000}{7200} \\ =33.33\text{ m/s} \end{gathered}\)The speed of the sprinter can be calculated as
\(\begin{gathered} v_s=\frac{d_s}{t_s} \\ =\frac{100}{9.5} \\ =10.53\text{ m/s} \end{gathered}\)The speed difference between car and sprinter is
\(\begin{gathered} v=v_c-v_s \\ =33.33-10.53 \\ =22.8\text{ m/s} \end{gathered}\)Thus, the speed of the car is greater than that of the sprinter by 22.8 m/s.
when a movie on a film is projected
Answers
A specific number of frames per minute are processed by the projector when a motion picture on film is shown.
What is motion and example?Motion is indeed the open borders of a body in relation to time. For instance, the fan, the carpet's dust blowing off of it, the water running from the taps, a ball rolling about, a moving car, etc. Even for the universe is always changing.
Why do you mean by motion?Movement, the act of process of changing or shifting locations or positions. ability to move with the force of a physical human. gait is the term for the way a person walks. a gesture; a movement or shift in posture.
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A wheel of diameter 26 cm turns at 1500 rpm. How far will a point on the outer rimmove in 2.0 s?1) 3.1 m12) 41 m3) 90 m4) 180 m
Answers
Given,
The diameter of the wheel, d=26 cm=0.26 m
Therefore the radius of the wheel, r=d/2=0.13m
Time period, t=2.0 s
Frequency of the revolution, f=1500 rpm
1 relovution=2π radian.
Therefore the angular velocity is calculated as,
\(\omega=\frac{1500\times2\pi}{60}=157.1\text{ rad/s}\)The angular velocity and angular displacement are related as,
\(\omega=\frac{\theta}{t}\)On rearranging the above equation and substituting the known values,
\(\theta=\omega t=157.1\times2.0=314.2\text{ rad}\)We can calculate how far the rim has moved by using the following relationship,
\(s=r\theta\)Where 's' is the distance of the movement of the rim,
On substituting the known values in the above equation,
\(s=0.13\times314.2=40.8\text{ m}\approx41\text{ m}\)Therefore the correct answer is option 2, 41 m
What is the basis for the sounds referred to as korotkoff sounds?.
Answers
Answer:Korotkoff Sounds. -tapping sounds created by turbulent blood flow in arm. -pressure is slowly being released from cuff, so systolic pressure is above that of the cuff, but diastolic is still below, so the artery opens in systole and collapses in diastole.
Explanation:
A resistor is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Is this true or false?
Answers
The device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy is a battery.
On the other hand, the resistor is a passive element that is mainly used to limit the current in a circuit.
A resistor doesn't convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
Therefore, we can conclude that the given statement is false
Suppose a spectral line of hydrogen, normally at 500 nm when measured in a lab on Earth, is observed in the spectrum of a star to be at 500.3 nm. This is called a red shift because the wavelength is longer (and red is on the long-wavelength side of the visible spectrum). How fast is the star moving away from Earth? Give your answer in m/s. Hint: follow example 5.6. Compare in particular to the "Check your learning" calculation, and note that larger Δλ means larger speed.
Answers
The star is moving away from Earth at a velocity of 1.8 x 106 m/s.
The Doppler Effect describes the shift in wavelength of a wave when the source is moving in relation to the observer. The shift can be observed in sound waves, light waves, and other waves.
The Doppler Effect can be used to determine the velocity of objects moving away from an observer, as in the case of stars moving away from Earth.
The velocity of a star moving away from Earth can be determined using the equation:
v = Δλ/λ x c, Where v is the velocity of the star, Δλ is the shift in wavelength of the spectral line, λ is the wavelength of the spectral line measured in the lab on Earth, and c is the speed of light (3.00 x 108 m/s).
In this case, the shift in wavelength of the spectral line is Δλ = 500.3 nm - 500 nm = 0.3 nm.
The wavelength of the spectral line measured in the lab on Earth is λ = 500 nm.
Plugging in these values to the equation above: v = Δλ/λ x cv = (0.3 nm / 500 nm) x (3.00 x 108 m/s) = 1.8 x 106 m/s.
Therefore, velocity of star 1.8 x 106 m/s.
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Two objects traveling at the same speed have different velocities if they
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A mover slides a refrigerator weighing 650 N at a constant velocity across the floor a distance of 8.1 m. The force of friction between the refrigerator and the floor is 230 N. How much work has been performed by the mover on the refrigerator
Answers
Answer:
The magnitude of the work performed by the mover is 1863 J.
Explanation:
The work can be found using the following equation:
\( W = F*d \)
Where:
F: is the force
d: is the displacement = 8.1 m
First, we need to find the net force in the horizontal direction, as follows:
\( \Sigma F_{x} = ma = 0 \)
a = 0 since the mover slides a refrigerator at a constant velocity.
\( F_{x} = F_{f} = -230 N \)
\(F_{f}\): is the friction force.
Then, the work is:
\( W = F*d = -230 N*8.1 m = -1863 J \)
Therefore, the magnitude of the work performed by the mover is 1863 J.
I hope it helps you!
Imagine that you manage a toy store. You have one employee who does a fantastic job. Your other employee needs improvement. Choose one employee and describe what you would say to them during their annual review. Remember to keep the comments specific and focused on how the employee can improve.
5 sentences
Answers
Answer:
A great review helps your employees identify growth opportunities and potential areas of improvement without damaging employee-manager relations, but writing a ...
Explanation:
You are riding a skateboard and hit a hole in the street, causing you to fly off the board and crash. Which law represents this action? *
Answers
Answer:
It's Laws of Motion
Explanation:
4. Calculate the momentum for each scenario:
a. .02 kg mass moving at 300 m/s
b. 2 kg mass moving at 40 m/s
c. 200 kg mass moving at 4 m/s
Answers
a) Answer:
Momentum = 6 kgm/s
Explanation:
Momentum = mass × velocity
Given that,
mass = 0.02 kg velocity = 300 m/s
Therefore, momentum = (0.02 × 300)kgm/s
Momentum = 6 kgm/s
b) Answer:
Momentum =80 kgm/s
Explanation:
Momentum = mass × velocity
Given that,
mass = 2 kg velocity = 40 m/s
Therefore, momentum = (40 × 2)kgm/s
Momentum = 80 kgm/s
c) Answer:
Momentum = 800 kgm/s
Explanation:
Momentum = mass × velocity
Given that,
mass = 200 kg velocity = 4 m/s
Therefore, momentum = (200 × 4)kgm/s
Momentum =800 kgm/s
What is the crankshaft's angular acceleration at t = 1 s?
Answers
The crankshaft's angular acceleration at time zero is thus \(100 rad/s^2\).
Crankshaft is shown as a graph of angular velocity against time. The graph of the crankshaft of a car's angular velocity against time is shown in the image below. The formula for angular acceleration is the product of the angular velocity and the acceleration time. Alternatively, pi () divided by the acceleration time (t) and 30 times driving speed (n).
The radians per second squared unit of measurement for angular acceleration is obtained from this equation. This equation's first term, which is the rod torque adjusted for articulating inertial effects, second term, which is the counterbalance torque, and final term, which is the rotating inertial torque.
\(a = (w_2-w_1) /(t_2-t_1)\\a= (150-50) / (1-0)\\a= 50 m/s^2\)
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Correct Question:
What is the crankshaft's angular acceleration at t = 1 s?
a neuron has a negative electrical charge of about 70 millivolts when it is
Answers
at rest. When a neuron is activated, its electrical charge changes to a positive charge of about 40 millivolts.
which of the following stars has the largest habitable zone?
m
f
k
g
Answers
The classification of stars based on their spectral type follows the sequence O, B, A, F, G, K, and M, with O-type stars being the hottest and M-type stars being the coolest. The habitable zone, also known as the "Goldilocks zone," refers to the region around a star where conditions may be suitable for the existence of liquid water on the surface of a planet.
G-type stars, such as our Sun (classified as G2V), are considered to be within the optimal range for habitability. These stars have a stable and long-lasting main sequence phase, providing a relatively steady energy output over billions of years. Planets orbiting within the habitable zone of a G-type star have the potential to maintain a stable climate, with the right conditions for liquid water to exist. While other star types like F-type, K-type, and even some M-type stars can have habitable zones, G-type stars are generally considered to provide more favourable conditions for life.
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Calculate the kinetic energy of a 10 kg object moving with a speed of 5 m/s.
Answers
Answer: the kinetic energy is equal to 125 Joules, or (1/2 * 10 kg) * 5 m/s2.
Explanation:
if a an object with a mass of 10 kg (m = 10 kg) is moving at a velocity of 5 meters per second (v = 5 m/s), the kinetic energy is equal to 125 Joules, or (1/2 * 10 kg) * 5 m/s2.
Answer:
The Kinetic energy of a 10Kg object moving with a speed of 5m/s is 125 Joules
Explanation:
Kinetic energy refers to the energy of a moving object. The formula for kinetic energy is given by
KE=(1/2)\(mv^{2}\).......(i)
, where, m⇒mass of object
v⇒velocity
and the unit is given by Joules.
Now, as we are given in the question,
mass, m=10kg
velocity, v= 5m/s
Substituting these values in the equation (i), we get,
KE=(1/2)x(10Kg)x(5m/s)^2,
we have,
KE=125 J
Therefore, the kinetic energy of a 10 kg object moving with a speed of 5m/s is 125 Joules.
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You do: What is the Gravitational Potential Energy of a
120kg person who jumped out of a plane 4500m in the
air?
G
U
s
M
KE = 12my
GPE = mgh
Answers
Answer:
P = 5292 kJ
Explanation:
Given that,
The mass of a person, m = 120 kg
The height of the plane, h = 4500 m
The Gravitational Potential Energy of the person is given by :
P = mgh
Put all the values,
P = 120 kg × 9.8 m/s² × 4500 m
= 5292000 J
or
= 5292 kJ
So, the required gravitational potential energy is 5292 kJ.
is the opposition to ac current flow caused by a capacitor.
Answers
No, the opposition to AC current flow is not caused by a capacitor. Rather, it is caused by the inductance of a coil or the resistance of a resistor.
The opposition to AC current flow is called impedance. Capacitors, like resistors and inductors, contribute to the total impedance of a circuit. However, the impedance of a capacitor does not cause opposition to AC current flow, rather it acts to store and release energy in the circuit. A capacitor opposes the flow of direct current (DC), however, when it is placed in a circuit with AC, it charges and discharges as the current alternates. This results in a phase shift between the voltage and current, causing a reactive component to the circuit impedance which is called capacitive reactance (Xc).
This is the property of the capacitor to store electrical energy in an electric field, and when the electric field is discharged, it releases that energy into the circuit. Capacitance is an important factor in many types of circuits such as filters, power supplies, and timing circuits. In conclusion, capacitors do not cause opposition to AC current flow, rather they contribute to the total impedance of a circuit and play an important role in many electrical circuits.
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Yes, the opposition to AC current flow is caused by a capacitor. It is also known as capacitance opposition or capacitive reactance. Capacitance is the ability of a capacitor to store electrical charge, and it opposes a change in voltage.
When an alternating current (AC) passes through a capacitor, the charges present on the plates will be equal and opposite in direction. This means that the capacitor will oppose any change in voltage, resulting in a phase difference between the voltage and the current. When a capacitor is connected to an AC source, the current will be initially high, and the voltage will be low because the capacitor opposes any change in voltage.
As the AC voltage reaches its peak, the current decreases to zero because the capacitor is fully charged. When the voltage starts to decrease, the capacitor discharges, and the current starts to flow in the opposite direction. The opposition of a capacitor to AC current flow is measured in units called ohms and is known as capacitive reactance.
The formula for calculating capacitive reactance is: Xc = 1/(2πfC), Where: Xc = Capacitive reactance f = Frequency of the AC source C = Capacitance of the capacitor. So, in summary, the opposition to AC current flow is caused by a capacitor because of its ability to store electrical charge. This opposition is known as capacitive reactance and is measured in ohms.
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A conducting bar moves along frictionless conducting rails connected to a 4.00-? resistor as shown in the figure. The length of the bar is 1.60 m and a uniform magnetic field of 2.20 T is applied perpendicular to the paper pointing outward, as shown. (a) What is the applied force required to move the bar to the right with a constant speed of 6.00 m/s? (b) At what rate is energy dissipated in the 4.00 ? resistor?A conducting bar moves along frictionless conducting rails connected to a 4.00-? resistor as shown in the figure. The length of the bar is 1.60 m and a uniform magnetic field of 2.20 T is applied perpendicular to the paper pointing outward, as shown. (a) What is the applied force required to move the bar to the right with a constant speed of 6.00 m/s? (b) At what rate is energy dissipated in the 4.00 ? resistor?
Answers
A). To move the bar to the right with a constant speed of 6.00 m/s, we need to find the force required. The force required is the force of the magnetic field that acts on the bar. The power dissipated in the resistor is 6.98 W.
This force is given by the formula: F = BILsinθwhere,F is the force B is the magnetic field I is the current L is the length of the conductorθ is the angle between the magnetic field and the current direction Now, the current in the bar is given by: I = V/R where, V is the voltage applied across the resistor R is the resistance of the resistor Given, V = BLV/Rsinθwhere,L = 1.6 m B = 2.20 T, and R = 4.00 ?θ = 90° = π/2 radians So, V = 2.20 × 1.6 × 6.00/4.00 = 5.28 V The current in the circuit is, I = V/R = 5.28/4.00 = 1.32 A
Therefore, the force required is: F = BILsinθ = 2.20 × 1.6 × 1.32 × 1 = 4.3872 N(b) The power dissipated in the resistor is given by: P = VI where, V is the voltage applied across the resistor I is the current in the circuit From the above calculations, V = 5.28 VI = 1.32 AP = VI = 5.28 × 1.32 = 6.98 W
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Penn foster
5. Which of these refers to a change in the direction of Earth's axis toward or away from the sun?
A. Radiative forcing
B. Precession of the ecliptic
C. Thermohaline circulation
D. Axial precession
Answers
The Earth's axis is tilted 23.5 degrees away from the plane of its orbit around the sun today due to obliquity, or shift in axial tilt.
What causes the Earth's axis of rotation to change direction?The Earth's axis of rotation is perpendicular to the plane of our planet's orbit around the sun and inclined at an angle of 23.5 degrees away from vertical. The Earth's axis tilt is significant because it controls how strongly the sun's energy warms the planet.
What is the term for the tilt of the Earth away from the Sun?The Northern Hemisphere tilts away from the Sun at its greatest angle around December 21. The northern winter solstice is when we experience the least amount of daylight.
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1. compare the discharge of the rio grande at albuquerque and at otowi bridge (located upstream, near santa fe)
Answers
The Rio Grande is one of the largest river systems in the United States, running over 3,000 kilometers from the mountains of Colorado to the Gulf of Mexico. The river flows from north to south and passes through several states, including Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas.
A comparison of the discharge of the Rio Grande at Albuquerque and at Otowi Bridge (located upstream, near Santa Fe) is as follows: Albuquerque: It is the largest city in New Mexico, situated in the central part of the state. The Rio Grande flows through the city, where it is dammed to form a large lake known as Elephant Butte Reservoir. The discharge of the Rio Grande at Albuquerque is around 100 cubic feet per second (cfs) during normal conditions.
This means that the river has twice the volume of water at Otowi Bridge than at Albuquerque.During times of drought, the river's discharge can drop to dangerously low levels, affecting wildlife and human communities that rely on the river for water. The river's discharge can also increase during periods of heavy rainfall or snowmelt, leading to flooding in downstream communities.
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The nucleus of most atoms is composed of which of the following sub-atomic particles? (A) tightly packed neutrons
(B) tightly packed protons and neutrons
(C) loosely connected protons and clectrons. (D) tightly packed protons.
Answers
Answer:
(B) tightly packed protons and neutrons
Explanation:
Nucleus of any atom is the dense central part of any atom.It consists of two sub-atomic particle namely proton and neutron.These sub-atomic parts are tightly packed in nucleus which makes the nucleus dense .This dense nucleus is responsible for most of the mass of atom.The atomic mass for any atom is decided by sum of the mass of proton and neutronThus, correct answer is
(B) tightly packed protons and neutrons
The nucleus of most atoms is composed of tightly packed protons and neutrons
The nucleus of an atom possess the following properties:
The nucleus are positively charged The nucleus are surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electronsThe nucleus are very dense and small .The nucleus is a collection of particles called protons, which are positively charged, and neutrons, which are neutralThe nucleus contributes to most of the weight of an atom.Therefore, the nucleus is compose of tightly packed protons and neutrons
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Two students move a box to the left. One student pushes with a force of 100 N to the left, and the other student pulls with a force of 85 N to the left. They move the box 20 m in 7 s. What is the total amount of work done on the box by the students?
Answers
Answer:
Resultant Force= F1 - F2
F1= 100N
F2= 85N
Resultant Force= 100N - 85N
R.F = 15N
Workdone= Force x Displacement
Force = 15N
Displacement = 20m
= 15N X 20m
=300Nm or Joules
Suppose y = 2x + 10. Find y if x = -2
Answers
Answer:
y = 6
Explanation:
Given parameters:
Given equation:
y = 2x + 10
And supposing; x = -2
Unknown:
y = ?
Solution:
We are going to solve this problem by substitution;
y = 2x + 10
since x = -2; input this into the equation to solve for y;
y = 2(-2) + 10 = -4 + 10 = 6
The value of y = 6
cutting speed is the distance that a point on the circumference of a rotating cutting tool travels in 1 minute. it is stated in what unit?
Answers
Cutting speed, which is the distance a cutting tool travels in 1 minute, is measured in feet per minute (ft/min).
What is cutting speed?Cutting speed indicates how fast a metal is removed from the workpiece. Cutting feed focuses on how far the cutting spindle travels across the metal part during one full rotation of the tool.
According to this question, cutting speed is the distance that a point on the circumference of a rotating cutting tool travels in 1 minute.
The measurement of cutting speed is shown as feet per minute or meters per minute (ft/min or m/min) based on the cutting speed velocity.
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what is the kinetic energy of a ball with a mass of 7 kg rolling at 10m/s
Answers
Answer:
350 j
Explanation:
K.E. = 1/2 m v^2
= 1/2 7 * 10 ^2 = 350 j
A wooden block with mass 1.15 kg is placed against a compressed spring at the bottom of a slope inclined at an angle of 29.0° (point A). When the spring is released, it projects the block up the incline. At point B, a distance of 7.55 m up the incline from A, the block is moving up the incline at a speed of 6.25 Im/s and is no longer in contact with the spring. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and incline is 0.45. The mass of the spring is negligible.
Constants Part A Calculate the amount of potential energy that was initially stored in the spring. Take free fall acceleration to be 9.80 m/s^2.
Answers
To calculate the amount of potential energy initially stored in the spring, we need to consider the conservation of mechanical energy.
The mechanical energy of the block-spring system is conserved when no external forces other than gravity and friction are acting on it. At point A, the mechanical energy is stored entirely as potential energy in the compressed spring. The potential energy stored in the spring can be calculated using the formula: Potential Energy (PE) = (1/2)kx^2
where k is the spring constant and x is the displacement of the spring from its equilibrium position.
To find the spring constant, we need to know the force constant of the spring (k) or the spring's compression distance (x). Unfortunately, this information is not provided in the given question. If you have any additional information about the spring constant or the compression distance, please provide it so that I can assist you further.
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What is the formula of energy store?
Answers
The formula for stored energy in capacitor is 1/2 QV where Q = charge and V = voltage. This is the work done to transfer charge from one plate to other plate against the force of repulsion of already present charges.
Let charge is transferred from the plate B to A. the charge on the plates is Q’ and –Q’. To transfer a charge of dQ’ from B to A, the work done will be
dW = V dQ = Q/C dQ
After doing integration on it
Energy stored in capacitor = \(Q{2}\)/2C = 1/2 C\(V^{2}\) = 1/2 QV
capacitor is a device for storing electrical energy. It consists of two conductors in close proximity which are insulated from each other. Example, the parallel-plate capacitor.
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a 0.22 kg clay target is fired at an angle of 35° to the horizontal. it reaches a maximum height of 4.6 m. what is its initial speed when it is launched?
Answers
The initial speed of the clay target can be determined using the principles of projectile motion. To begin, let's consider the vertical motion of the clay target.
At the maximum height, the vertical velocity of the target is zero since it momentarily stops before falling back down. We can use the equation for vertical motion:
v_f² = v_i² + 2 * a * d
where v_f is the final vertical velocity (zero in this case), v_i is the initial vertical velocity, a is the acceleration due to gravity (-9.8 m/s² ), and d is the vertical displacement (4.6 m).
Plugging in the known values, we get:
0 = v_i² + 2 * (-9.8 m/s² ) * 4.6 m
Simplifying the equation, we have: v_i² = 2 * 9.8 m/s² * 4.6 m v_i² = 89.68 m² /s²
Taking the square root of both sides, we find:
v_i = √(89.68 m² /s² ) = 9.46 m/s Now, let's consider the horizontal motion of the clay target. The horizontal velocity remains constant throughout the motion, so we can use the equation:
v_x = v_i * cosθ
where v_x is the horizontal velocity, v_i is the initial velocity, and θ is the launch angle (35°).
Plugging in the known values, we get: v_x = 9.46 m/s * cos(35°) Calculating this, we find: v_x = 9.46 m/s * 0.819 = 7.75 m/s Therefore, the initial speed of the clay target when it is launched is approximately 7.75 m/s.
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assume the acrylic d shaped lens is immersed in water. what is the critical angle of the d shaped lens while it is in water
Answers
To determine the D- shaped angles of both the incident and refraction light, we'll have used a laser, a piece of substance (glass, acrylics, or filled with a liquid of our choice), and a "rays table."
We shall strong sunlight in the direction of the D-shaped object's flat face. The angle between the light ray's normal as well as the surface normal where the light will strike the surface is i. Afterwards when, it will be refracted and departure from of the surface at an angle of r. Snell's Law stipulates that the ratio of both the refractive index determines the level of light deformation. This configuration will be used to determine the material's index of refraction for the D-shaped device (glass, acrylic or some liquid). To correctly test the refractive index, nevertheless, the apparatus must be positioned with great care.
The critical angle for the crowning glass-water interface is 61.0 degrees. The combination of materials on each side of the barrier determines the real value of both the critical angle. Let's take a look at two distinct media, channel I (incident medium) and intermediate r.
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A bus starting from a speed of 24 m/s slows to 6 m/s in a time of 3 s. The acceleration of the bus in meters per second squared is *
Answers
The acceleration of the bus for the given velocities and time of motion is 6 m/s².
The given parameters;
Initial speed of the bus, u = 24 m/sFinal sped of the bus, v = 6 m/sTime of motion of the bus, t = 3 sAcceleration is defined as the time rate of change of velocity.
Acceleration can be uniform if the change in velocity occurs at equal time interval.
The acceleration of the bus for the given velocities and time of motion is calculated as;
\(a = \frac{v-u}{t} \\\\a = \frac{24-6}{3} \\\\a = 6 \ m/s^2\)
Thus, the acceleration of the bus for the given velocities and time of motion is 6 m/s².
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