Malcolm works as a maintenance engineer with a company that manufactures automotive spare parts.
His job responsibility is to ensure that the company's machines and other equipment are in a safe and operational condition. This includes conducting regular inspections, performing maintenance and repairs, and troubleshooting any issues that may arise. Malcolm must also ensure that the equipment is compliant with safety regulations and industry standards.
As a maintenance engineer, Malcolm plays a critical role in ensuring that the manufacturing process runs smoothly and that the company's products are of high quality. Overall, Malcolm's job is essential for the success of the company and the satisfaction of its customers.
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What is the basic requirement of measurements?
The basic requirement of measurements is to have a standard or reference point against which to compare the quantity being measured. This standard or reference point should be well-defined and stable, and the measurement process should be repeatable and consistent. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the measurement equipment is calibrated and in good working condition.
Answer:
The most basic requirement for measurements is the presence of a standard or reference point against which the quantity being measured can be compared. The measurement process should be repeatable and consistent, and the standard or reference point should be well-defined and stable. Furthermore, ensure that the measurement equipment is calibrated and in good working order.
Explanation:
What would decrease the resistance of wires carrying an electric current?
shorter wires
Look at the diagram showing resistance and flow of electrons.
Which labels best complete the diagram?
NOT
X: Flow of electrons
Y: High potential energy
Z: Low potential energy
Potential difference is measured in units called ___________.
.
Volts
Why is copper used for most electrical wiring?
It is a good conductor.
Measurements of two electric currents are shown in the chart.
Which best compares the two currents?
Current Y has a greater potential difference, and the charges flow at a slower rate.
Which lists types of materials from most conductive to least conductive?
NOT
insulator,
semiconductor,
conductor,
superconductor
In the diagram, the arrow shows the movement of electric charges through a wire connected to a battery.
What causes the electric charges to flow from one end of the battery to the other?
a difference in electric potential
Which most likely has the greatest conductivity?
a cool lead metal strip
Jodi made a list about electric current to help her study for a test.
1) Movement of electrons is continuous in a current.
2) Electrons move from areas of low to high electric potential.
3) Voltage causes current to flow.
4) Rate at which current flows is measured in amperes.
Which best describes Jodi's error?
Electrons move from areas of high to low electric potential.
Which two wire properties would provide the greatest resistance to the flow of a current?
long, thin
Because it is an excellent conductor, copper is used for the majority of electrical wiring, and shorter cables reduce the resistance of wires carrying an electric current.
1)smaller wires
2)NOT X: Electron flow
Y: Lots of potential energy
Z: Minimal potential energy
3)Volts
4) It has strong conductivity.
5) The charges move more slowly in current Y because of the larger potential difference.
6)NOT
insulator,
semiconductor,
conductor,
superconductor
7)Differences in electric potential
8) a cold slice of lead metal
9) Electrons flow between regions with high and low electric potential.
10) long and lean
The copper produced by electrolysis is known as pure copper or electrolytic copper. Numerous types of electrical wiring use copper as its electrical conductor. Electricity is produced, transmitted, and distributed via copper wire in telecommunications, electronic circuits, and a variety of other electrical devices.
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Write a program to play the Card Guessing Game. Your program must give the user the following choices: - Guess only the face value of the card. - Guess only the suit of the card. - Guess both the face value and the suit of the card. Before the start of the game, create a deck of cards. Before each guess, use the function random_shuffle to randomly shuffle the deck.
how am I going to do this, I have a friend that might be able to help I will check
a voltage amplifier with an input resistance of 40 kn, an output resistance of i 00 n, and a gain of 300 v n is connected between a 10-kn source with an open-circuit voltage of to m v and a i 00-n load. for this situation:
The current flowing through the circuit is approximately 0.4 μA.
To analyze the situation, we can use the voltage divider rule and the concept of load and source resistance to determine the voltage across the load and the current flowing through the circuit.
Given data:
Input resistance (Rin) = 40 kΩ
Output resistance (Rout) = 100 Ω
Gain (Av) = 300 V/V
Source resistance (Rsource) = 10 kΩ
Open-circuit voltage (Voc) = 20 mV
Load resistance (Rload) = 100 Ω
To calculate the voltage across the load (Vload), we can use the voltage divider rule:
Vload = Voc * (Rload / (Rsource + Rin + Rload))
Substituting the given values:
Vload = 20 mV * (100 Ω / (10 kΩ + 40 kΩ + 100 Ω))
Vload = 20 mV * (100 Ω / 50.1 kΩ)
Vload ≈ 0.04 mV
The voltage across the load is approximately 0.04 mV.
To calculate the current flowing through the circuit, we can use Ohm's Law:
I = Vload / Rload
Substituting the values:
I = 0.04 mV / 100 Ω
I = 0.4 μA
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As signal frequency increases, signal attenuation _______.
Answer: through the low pass filter
Explanation:
For a steel alloy it has been determined that a carburizing heat treatment of 3-h duration will raise the carbon concentration to 0.38 wt% at a point 2.6 mm from the surface. Estimate the time (in h) necessary to achieve the same concentration at a 6.1 mm position for an identical steel and at the same carburizing temperature.
Answer:
The right answer is "16.5 hrs".
Explanation:
Given values are:
\(x_1=2.6 \ mm\)
\(t_1=3 \ hrs\)
\(x_2=6.1 \ mm\)
As we know,
⇒ \(\frac{x^2}{Dt}=constant\)
or,
⇒ \(\frac{x_1^2}{t_1} =\frac{x_2^2}{t_2}\)
⇒ \(t_2=(\frac{x_2}{x_1})^2\times t_1\)
By putting the values, we get
\(=(\frac{6.1}{2.6} )^2\times 3\)
\(=5.5\times 3\)
\(=16.5 \ hrs\)
A well-hydrated human body is made up of about _______ percent water.
Answer:
70%
Explanation:
Identify the true statements about checking resistors with an ohmmeter. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. When checking resistance in a circuit, there should not be any parallel resistance paths. When checking resistance in a circuit, there should be parallel resistance paths present. The ohmmeter leads are connected across the resistance to be measured. An ohmmeter has its own voltage source.
Answer:
Please find the answer in the explanation.
Explanation: To Identify the true statements about checking resistors with an ohmmeter,
When checking resistance in a circuit, there should be parallel resistance paths present. Because any circuit or resistors to be measured has to be shunted. That is connecting it in parallel so that small amounts of current can pass through the circuit.
The ohmmeter leads are connected across the resistance to be measured. An ohmmeter has its own voltage source.
The ohmmeter makes use of batteries as power source.
some connecting rods have ____ to help lubricate the cylinder wall or piston pin.
Answer:
some connecting rods have spit holes
Some connecting rods have crankshaft to help lubricate the cylinder wall or piston pin.
What are crankshaft?A crankshaft is a mechanical component that converts reciprocating motion in a piston engine into rotational motion.
The crankshaft is a rotating shaft with one or more crankpins that drive the pistons via the connecting rods.
Reduced fuel economy is one issue you'll face if your car's crankshaft isn't working properly. The reason for this is that your vehicle's fuel injectors will not efficiently direct gas to the engine.
The connecting rods' big ends are lubricated with oil that travels up an oilway drilled through the crankshaft.
From the main bearings to the big end bearings, oil is pushed. It will lubricate the cylinder walls in some engines by passing through a passage drilled in the connecting rod.
Thus, the answer is crankshaft.
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A kindergarten teacher notices that every day during free play time, many of the children choose to play with the dump trucks and diggers in the sandbox. With this knowledge, she decides to devote a week to construction equipment. During this week she reads the children stories about the different types of construction equipment (dump truck, backhoe, etc.), practices basic addition and subtraction with dump trucks and blocks, and has children experiment with mixing sand, rocks, and water.
In doing this, the teacher is demonstrating her understanding that:
a. children develop skills in a predictable order, from simple to more complex.
b. children develop and learn more when they have challenging, but achievable goals.
c. most children are kinesthetic learners.
d. thematic units are an effective way to integrate different subjects.
The teacher is demonstrating her understanding that is thematic units are an effective way to integrate different subjects.
What is meant by integrate?When disparate individuals or objects are combined, this is known as integration. For example, all of the district's primary school pupils were enrolled in the new middle school, and snowboarding was integrated onto all of the ski slopes.I found it challenging to fit in with my family because I was adopted as an older child. We must combine our plans with theirs so that we can work as effectively as possible. The move by the school board to merge the two elementary schools into one is opposed by the neighborhood's parents.Integration is the bringing together of things or people to allow them to coexist or cooperate. They aren't divided or excluded anymore. When something is integrated, it becomes united, meaning that various elements especially those that were previously separate are now present together.To learn more about integrate refer to:
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describe the compound microscope developed by zacharias and hans janssen
The compound microscope developed by Zacharias and Hans Janssen was a significant advancement in the field of microscopy.
It consisted of a combination of lenses that allowed for enhanced magnification and visualization of tiny objects.The microscope featured two sets of lenses, namely the objective lens and the eyepiece lens. The objective lens, located close to the specimen, collected and magnified the light passing through it. This magnified image was then further enlarged by the eyepiece lens, which allowed the viewer to see the specimen in greater detail.One notable feature of the Janssen brothers' microscope was the ability to achieve higher magnification than the simple microscopes of that time. By combining multiple lenses, they were able to obtain higher resolution and clearer images.
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Un mol de gas ideal realiza un trabajo de 3000 J sobre su entorno, cuando se expande de manera isotermica a una temperatura de 58°C, cuando su volumen inicial es de 25 L. Determinar el volumen final
Answer:
74,4 litros
Explanation:
Dado que
W = nRT ln (Vf / Vi)
W = 3000J
R = 8,314 JK-1mol-1
T = 58 + 273 = 331 K
Vf = desconocido
Vi = 25 L
W / nRT = ln (Vf / Vi)
W / nRT = 2.303 log (Vf / Vi)
W / nRT * 1 / 2.303 = log (Vf / Vi)
Vf / Vi = Antilog (W / nRT * 1 / 2.303)
Vf = Antilog (W / nRT * 1 / 2.303) * Vi
Vf = Antilog (3000/1 * 8,314 * 331 * 1 / 2,303) * 25
Vf = 74,4 litros
Discussion Topic
Ergonomically designed workstations and equipment reduce stress-related injuries and
improve the productivity and efficiency of people who spend long hours in the workplace.
Discuss how ergonomics can also be used in the classroom environment to improve a
student's ability to focus on learning.
Summary:
Ergonomics can be used to improve a student’s ability to focus on learning for say, when writing a long essay. Ergonomics helps with keeping the wrists comfortable with an ergonomic writing utensil and not straining the back with a comfortable sitting position. It helps with eye strain, keeping students at a comfortable distance from the board. And it reduces distractions to improve focus.
Longer version:
Sitting posture is a very important ergonomic factor which could influence a student's focus. Bad sitting posture could be caused by the height of chair and the desk position. Bad sitting posture often affects a child's level of attention or focus. Hence, choosing a an appropriate table and chair combination for different height measures should be considered. The distance between students and the lecture board should be considered as students have varying preferences. Hence, taking note of a comfortable distance for each student is an important concept. The removal of distractive elements in the classroom environment is also an ergonomic concept which could improve focus. Therefore, the concept of ergonomics applied in classroom environment could help improve student's focus.
Answer: Comfortable Furniture, Lighting, Reduced Noise, Correct Posture.
Explanation:
In My opion Ergonomics can be used significantly in the classroom environment to improve a student's ability to focus on learning in the following ways;
Comfortable furniture: By providing comfortable furniture such as desks, chairs, and tables, the students will be able to focus on learning for a more extended period.
Lighting: Adequate lighting in the classroom is essential for students as it can prevent eye strain and headaches.
Reduced noise: An environment with reduced noise will help students concentrate better on their studies.
Correct posture: Ergonomics can be used to promote the right posture among students while studying. Poor posture can cause health issues such as backaches and neck pain, which can negatively affect a student's ability to focus on learning.
In conclusion, ergonomics can significantly improve a student's ability to focus on learning by providing comfortable furniture, adequate lighting, reduced noise, and promoting correct posture.
What is the attenuation in db for a 4th order low pass filter at a frequency of 10fc, where fc is the filter's corner frequency?
Fourth-order Low Pass Filter If the gain of both filters is set at 1.586, the voltage gain will be down 6 dB at the cutoff frequency. We can get a more flat response by choosing different values of voltage gain for both stages.
What is a fourth order low pass filter ?It is possible to create a 4th order low-pass filter with just one Op Amp. Due to the interconnected nature of all filter parameters, component tolerance sensitivity needs to be confirmed. The 4th order Sallen-Key topology is too sensitive to component tolerances, making it unsuitable for application.
Formula fc= 1/(2πRC).
How to calculate the attenuation of a low pass filter?The attenuation rate for a low-pass or high-pass filter will be -20 times the filter order, expressed in decibels per decade. A first-order filter, for instance, will attenuate at a rate of -20 dB/decade, but a fourth-order filter will attenuate at a rate of about -80 dB/decade.
Attenuation (dB)= 10 X log(PI/PO)
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*sapnap teaching you how to drive*
"Skeppy and Badboyhalo are crossing the street, what do you hit?"
"Skeppy, I would never hurt Bad."
"whA- THE BRAKES YOU HIT THE BREAKS!!"
*Dream wheezing from the back*
Answer:
yes dream
Explanation:
Answer:
Me: "i would just hit you, sapnap. In the freaking face" LOL
humans can do more work with machines than without them.
a. true
b. false
Draw and Explain -in details- a figure (BOD & Time) showing the different behaviors of
treated sewage sample and untreated sewage sample for both carbonaceous and
nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand, and what do we mean by LAG TIME?
The lag time is the time it takes for the bacteria to start to break down the organic matter in the sewage. The lag time is longer for the untreated sewage sample because it contains more organic matter.
How to explain the informationCarbonaceous BOD is the amount of oxygen that is required to break down the organic matter in sewage. The organic matter in sewage is primarily made up of carbon, so carbonaceous BOD is also known as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5).
Nitrogenous BOD is the amount of oxygen that is required to break down the nitrogenous compounds in sewage. The nitrogenous compounds in sewage are primarily made up of ammonia, so nitrogenous BOD is also known as ammoniacal oxygen demand (AOD).
The treated sewage sample has a lower carbonaceous BOD and a lower nitrogenous BOD than the untreated sewage sample. This is because the treatment process removes some of the organic matter and nitrogenous compounds from the sewage.
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# Structure Mechanics.
Draw the internal force (axial force, shear force and moment) diagrams of the frame.
which of these parts serves as the front end cross structure on most vehicles?
Answer:
Rear body panel. Rear bumper cover. Rear rails.
Explanation:
The body parts that serves as front end cross structures of vehicles are Rear body panel , front bumper and rear nails
What is Front end cross structure of automobilles?Front end cross structures refers to several frontal parts or part that are located at the front of automobilles that define it's appearance and it's effective workability. The frontal parts are essential for the effective running of the vehicles and also define the vehicles appearance.
Therefore, The body parts that serves as front end cross structures of vehicles are Rear body panel , front bumper and rear nails.
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A thin plate 0.7 m long and 1.5 m wide is submerged and held stationary in a stream of water
The thickness of the boundary layer will be 0.436m. Distance downstream of the leading edge where this Reynolds number occur will be 3.08mm. The shear stress on the plate on this point is 1.055 N/m².
Why is the Reynolds number employed?Laminar or turbulent fluid flow is identified using the Reynolds number, abbreviated as Re. In all viscous flows, where a numerical model is chosen in accordance with pre-calculated Reynolds number, it is one of the primary regulating parameters.
How to solve the question?Given, Reynolds number, Re = 500000
length = 0.7 m
width = 1.5m
velocity, u = 1.5 m/s
the thickness of the boundary layer, Re = u×x/v
x = Re × v/u
x = 500000×1.31×10∧(-6)/1.5
x = 0.436m
distance downstream of the leading edge where this Reynolds number occur, δ = 5x/\(\sqrt{Re}\)
δ = 5×0.436/√500000
δ = 3.08 mm
The shear stress on the plate on this point,
τ = 0.332v(u/x)×√Re
τ = 0.332×1.31×10∧(-3) (1.5/0.436) √500000
τ = 1.055 N/m²
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The complete question is,
A thin plate 0.7 m long and 1.5 m wide is submerged and held stationary in a stream of water (T = 10°C) that has a velocity of 1.5 m/s. What is the thickness of the boundary layer on the plate for Re, 500,000 (assume the boundary layer is still laminar), and at what distance downstream of the leading edge does this Reynolds number occur? What is the shear stress on the plate on this point?
explain the distinction between a real address and a virtual address?
A motor enclosure that incorporates a separate motor-driven blower mounted on the enclosure is
O air-cooled.
nonventilated.
Opipe-ventilated.
O externally ventilated.
ventilated.
A motor enclosure that incorporates a separate motor-driven blower mounted on the enclosure is Ventilated.
What is motor enclosure?Motor enclosure is a protective box or housing that is used to protect electric motors and their components from dust, dirt, moisture, and other environmental elements. It is also used to prevent accidental contact with the moving parts of the motor. Motor enclosure is important in ensuring the safe operation of an electric motor and can help extend the life of the motor. The most common types of motor enclosures include open drip proof (ODP), totally enclosed fan cooled (TEFC), and totally enclosed non-ventilated (TENV). Depending on the environment and application, a different type of motor enclosure may be needed to ensure optimal performance and safety.
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tech a says that a slightly lean mixture offers good fuel economy and low exhaust emissions. Tech b says that a mixture that is too rich fouls spark plugs and causes incomplete burning. Who is correct
These are imaginary lines on a site plan/plot plan that connect points of the sme elevation. Note: They never cross each other________________?
Contour lines are these illegible lines on a site plan or plot layout. They link places with the same height and aid in illuminating the topography and contour of the terrain.
A scaled sketch of a site plan shows how buildings, structures, landscaping, and other features relate to one another on a specific plot of ground. Site plans are frequently employed in architecture, engineering, and construction to aid with site design and layout visualisation. Using site plans for zoning and land use planning is another option. They frequently provide information about where buildings, parking lots, sidewalks, utilities, and landscaping elements are located. Site plans can be useful in spotting future difficulties like drainage issues or environmental concerns as well as in assuring compliance with local legislation and norms.
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saan nag tungo si Aguinaldo at ilang pinuno ng kilusan pagkatapos mapairal ang kasunduan na pansamantalang nag dulot ng kapayapaan
Answer:
sa china po
Explanation:
sana makatulong ako
Explain when single-stranded or multistranded wire should be used.
(35-39) A student travels on a school bus in the middle of winter from home to school. The school bus temperature is 68.0° F. The student's skin temperature is 94.4° F. Determine the net energy transfer from the student's body during the 20.00 min ride to school due to electromagnetic radiation. Note: Skin emissivity is 0.90, and the surface area of the student is 1.50m2.
Answer:
The net energy transfer from the student's body during the 20-min ride to school is 139.164 BTU.
Explanation:
From Heat Transfer we determine that heat transfer rate due to electromagnetic radiation (\(\dot Q\)), measured in BTU per hour, is represented by this formula:
\(\dot Q = \epsilon\cdot A\cdot \sigma \cdot (T_{s}^{4}-T_{b}^{4})\) (1)
Where:
\(\epsilon\) - Emissivity, dimensionless.
\(A\) - Surface area of the student, measured in square feet.
\(\sigma\) - Stefan-Boltzmann constant, measured in BTU per hour-square feet-quartic Rankine.
\(T_{s}\) - Temperature of the student, measured in Rankine.
\(T_{b}\) - Temperature of the bus, measured in Rankine.
If we know that \(\epsilon = 0.90\), \(A = 16.188\,ft^{2}\), \(\sigma = 1.714\times 10^{-9}\,\frac{BTU}{h\cdot ft^{2}\cdot R^{4}}\), \(T_{s} = 554.07\,R\) and \(T_{b} = 527.67\,R\), then the heat transfer rate due to electromagnetic radiation is:
\(\dot Q = (0.90)\cdot (16.188\,ft^{2})\cdot \left(1.714\times 10^{-9}\,\frac{BTU}{h\cdot ft^{2}\cdot R^{4}} \right)\cdot [(554.07\,R)^{4}-(527.67\,R)^{4}]\)
\(\dot Q = 417.492\,\frac{BTU}{h}\)
Under the consideration of steady heat transfer we find that the net energy transfer from the student's body during the 20 min-ride to school is:
\(Q = \dot Q \cdot \Delta t\) (2)
Where \(\Delta t\) is the heat transfer time, measured in hours.
If we know that \(\dot Q = 417.492\,\frac{BTU}{h}\) and \(\Delta t = \frac{1}{3}\,h\), then the net energy transfer is:
\(Q = \left(417.492\,\frac{BTU}{h} \right)\cdot \left(\frac{1}{3}\,h \right)\)
\(Q = 139.164\,BTU\)
The net energy transfer from the student's body during the 20-min ride to school is 139.164 BTU.
what could happen if the engine was uncowled during the starting and operating procedures
If an engine fails during rollout or just before takeoff, immediately shut both throttles and land the aircraft safely. Before reaching a safe single engine speed right away after takeoff, drop your nose to increase velocity.
What is the engine starting procedure?Closing the throttle, turning off the fuel pump, setting the mixture control to idle cutoff, and simply cranking the engine is the most reliable hot start method I've found.
What is the procedure for engine failure?If an engine fails during rollout or just before takeoff, immediately shut both throttles and land the aircraft safely. Before reaching a safe single engine speed right away after takeoff, drop your nose to increase velocity. If you are unable to climb, close both throttles and land straight ahead.
What happens if engine fails during take off?The typical practice for the majority of aircraft would be to abandon takeoff if an engine failed during takeoff. In small aircraft, the pilot should turn the throttles down to idle, activate the speed brakes (if provided), and apply the brakes as needed if the engine fails before VR (Rotation Speed).
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A plant engineer is evaluating the purchase of two possible motors. Both motors are each rated at 125hp, but have different efficiencies and purchase costs. The less expensive motor has an initial purchase cost of $1000 and is 88% efficient. The more expensive motor has an initial purchase cost of $1500 and is 92% efficient. The plant pays $0.07/kW⋅h, which reflects the cost if the total electricity costs are paid at the end of year 10 . The annual effective interest rate over a 10 -year period of life is 10%. If both options have the same net present worth and the same operating time per year, what is most nearly the operating time per year? (A) 250 h/yr (B) 400 h/yr (C) 690 h/yr (D) 720 h/yr
We are required to determine the operating time per year in the given case. Here's how we can solve this problem:A plant engineer is evaluating the purchase of two possible motors.
Both motors are each rated at 125hp, but have different efficiencies and purchase costs. The less expensive motor has an initial purchase cost of $1000 and is 88% efficient. The more expensive motor has an initial purchase cost of $1500 and is 92% efficient.
The plant pays
$0.07/kW⋅h,
which reflects the cost if the total electricity costs are paid at the end of year 10. The annual effective interest rate over a 10-year period of life is 10%.The net present value (NPV) formula to compare two different options of investment (purchase of a motor in this case) is
NPV = C1 + C2/(1+i)² + C3/(1+i)³ + ….. - CI/(1+i)n
where,Ci = Cash inflow/outflow for year i (year 0 is usually the present year)
i = Discount rate
N = life of the investment
As both the options have the same net present value, we can assume that the net present value for both the options would be equal.
Calculating the net present value of Option 1 (Less expensive motor):Initial purchase cost
= $1000Operating cost (electricity)
= (125hp × 0.746 kW/hp) × (1/0.88 - 1) × 365 × 24 h/yr × $0.07/kWh =$6158.01
Net Present Value of Option
1 = -$1000 - $6158.01/(1+0.10)²
= -$4641.63
Calculating the net present value of Option 2 (More expensive motor):Initial purchase cost
= $1500O
perating cost (electricity)
= (125hp × 0.746 kW/hp) × (1/0.92 - 1) × 365 × 24 h/yr × $0.07/kWh
= $5337.69Net Present Value of Option 2
= -$1500 - $5337.69/(1+0.10)² = -$4665.
14Now we can use the following equation:Operating time per year
= (annual electricity cost)/(125hp × 0.746 kW/hp × (1/η - 1))where,η
= Efficiency of the motorUsing the above equation for both the options, we get:Operating time per year for Option 1
= $6158.01/(125hp × 0.746 kW/hp × (1/0.88 - 1))
= 614.36 h/yrOperating time per year for Option 2
= $5337.69/(125hp × 0.746 kW/hp × (1/0.92 - 1))
= 690.47 h/yr
Therefore, the most nearly operating time per year is (C) 690 h/yr.
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Explain the conditions under which galvanic corrosion occurs
Answer:
Explanation:
Galvanic corrosion occurs when two dissimilar metals are immersed in a conductive solution and are electrically connected. One metal (the cathode) is protected, whilst the other (the anode) is corroded. The rate of attack on the anode is accelerated, compared to the rate when the metal is uncoupled.