What has the military learned about the use of narcotics and other pharmaceuticals for managing chronic pain and PTSD? What have they learned about the use of integrative medicine in the treatment of chronic pain and PTSD? What can the civilian population learn from what the military is doing? How can this knowledge be applied in civilian healthcare?

Answers

Answer 1

The military has conducted extensive research on the use of narcotics and other pharmaceuticals for managing chronic pain and PTSD. They have found that while these medications can be effective in reducing symptoms, they also come with a risk of addiction, abuse, and other negative side effects. As a result, the military has implemented strict guidelines for the use of these medications and is actively exploring alternative approaches to pain management.

One such approach is integrative medicine, which combines conventional Western medicine with complementary therapies such as acupuncture, massage, and meditation. The military has found that integrative medicine can be effective in managing chronic pain and PTSD symptoms, and it has incorporated these therapies into its treatment protocols.

The civilian population can learn from the military's experience by recognizing the risks associated with narcotics and other pharmaceuticals and exploring alternative approaches to pain management. Integrative medicine is becoming increasingly popular in civilian healthcare, and there is growing evidence to support its effectiveness in treating chronic pain and PTSD.

To apply this knowledge in civilian healthcare, healthcare providers can incorporate integrative medicine into their treatment protocols and work with patients to develop personalized treatment plans that take into account their individual needs and preferences. Patients can also educate themselves about the risks and benefits of different pain management approaches and advocate for treatments that align with their values and goals.

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Related Questions

Which class of diuretic can decrease calcium in the body?

Answers

Explanation:

Thiazode Diuretics can decrease calcium in the body.

Last Med Term questions part 2

Last Med Term questions part 2

Answers

Answer:

31.c 32.c 33.b 34.b 35.d

Explanation:

hope this helps. :) what about question 26 though?

In the home setting, bedpans, urinals, and commodes used by a
patient who recently received hazardous medications are rinsed with
warm water after each use and washed with:

Answers

Bedpans, urinals, and commodes used by a patient who recently received hazardous medications should be rinsed with warm water after each use and washed with soap and water to ensure proper cleaning and minimize the risk of contamination.

In the home setting, bedpans, urinals, and commodes used by a patient who recently received hazardous medications are rinsed with warm water after each use and washed with soap and water.Rinse with warm water: After each use, bedpans, urinals, and commodes should be rinsed with warm water. This helps remove any residue or waste material from the surfaces of these devices.Wash with soap and water: After rinsing, it is important to wash the bedpans, urinals, and commodes with soap and water. Soap helps to effectively clean and remove any remaining contaminants or potential hazardous medication residue.Proper cleaning technique: When washing these items, it is recommended to use a mild detergent or soap along with warm water. Scrub the surfaces thoroughly, including any crevices or hard-to-reach areas, to ensure proper cleaning.Rinse and dry: After washing, rinse the bedpans, urinals, and commodes with clean water to remove any soap residue. Properly dry them before storing or reusing them to prevent the growth of bacteria or other pathogens.Safe disposal of waste: Any waste material collected in bedpans or urinals should be disposed of according to the specific guidelines provided by healthcare professionals or local waste management regulations. This helps prevent contamination and the spread of potentially hazardous substances.

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a client informs the nurse about difficulty getting a restful sleep. what education can the nurse provide to encourage adequate sleep and rest?

Answers

The nurse can provide education on key sleep hygiene components to encourage adequate sleep and rest.

What is encourage adequate?

Encouraging adequate behavior is the act of motivating people to act in ways that are beneficial, respectful, and responsible. It involves recognizing and rewarding positive behavior, while also providing guidance and corrective feedback when needed. Encouraging adequate behavior is an important part of creating a healthy and productive environment. Through positive reinforcement and setting expectations, individuals can learn to be accountable for their actions and to take responsibility for their choices and actions. By fostering an environment of encouragement, individuals can feel safe to express themselves, explore their interests, and develop their skills. Ultimately, this will lead to a more productive and successful workplace.

These components include establishing a regular sleep-wake schedule (going to bed and waking up at the same time each day), avoiding caffeine late in the day, avoiding daytime naps, avoiding large meals and exercising late in the evening, and making sure the sleeping environment is quiet, dark, and comfortable. Additionally, the nurse can suggest relaxation techniques such as deep breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, or guided imagery to help with relaxation and promote restful sleep.

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PHPM 407 507 Health Care Economics and Policy
Medicare was created over the protests of doctors who ultimately have benefited from the increased
health care consumption it fuels.
Undergraduate students should complete the first 4 questions.
1) What sort of market failure existed prior
to 1965 which prevented the free market
for health insurance, from satisfying the
need for the elderly to protect against
the risk of catastrophic health events?
2) Explain how this market failure, would
cause harm to individuals.
3) What government agency or program
exists to try to correct this market
failure?
4) What private sector, industry, or group of
individuals would have a financial
incentive to capture this government
agency?
5) Describe which Hallmarks of Regulatory
Capture you see in this area of health
care. (graduate students only)

Answers

1) Prior to 1965, the free market for health insurance failed to adequately address the needs of the elderly in protecting against the risk of catastrophic health events.

2) This market failure caused harm to individuals by exposing them to the risk of incurring exorbitant medical expenses that could potentially deplete their savings or push them into poverty.

3) To address this market failure, the U.S. government established the Medicare program in 1965.

4) In the context of Medicare, the private health insurance industry and healthcare providers have a financial incentive to capture the government agency responsible for administering the program.

5) This dynamic raises concerns about regulatory capture, where private interests can exert undue influence over a government agency meant to serve public interests.

1) Prior to 1965, the free market for health insurance fell short of meeting the needs of the senior population in terms of reducing their chance of experiencing catastrophic medical events. This market failure resulted from a number of issues, including the high costs of geriatric healthcare and the inherent unpredictability and uncertainty of medical expenses as people age.

As a result, obtaining comprehensive health insurance was often difficult or prohibitively expensive for senior people, leaving them at risk of facing severe financial hardship in the case of a serious sickness or accident.

2) Individuals suffered harm as a result of this market failure since it put them at risk of expensive medical bills that would exhaust their resources or force them into poverty. Elderly people faced the possibility of shouldering the full financial burden of catastrophic health events if they did not have access to affordable health insurance options that were tailored to their unique needs. This had negative effects such as inadequate or delayed medical care and higher mortality rates among the elderly population.

3) The Medicare program was developed by the American government in 1965 to solve this market failing. Medicare is a government health insurance program that is primarily intended to cover those over the age of 65 as well as some younger people who have impairments or end-stage renal illness. The government wanted to make sure that seniors had access to inexpensive healthcare and were shielded from the financial risks associated with catastrophic medical events through Medicare.

4) The private health insurance sector and healthcare providers have a financial interest to control the government organization in charge of running Medicare. Healthcare providers have an interest in influencing Medicare reimbursement rates and policies to increase their revenue streams, while the private insurance sector stands to gain by providing supplemental insurance plans that fill in Medicare coverage gaps.

5) The private sector has a financial stake in capturing the Medicare program, including insurance firms and healthcare providers. For their own financial interest, they can sway laws, reimbursement rates, and practices. This situation gives rise to worries about regulatory capture, in which corporate interests can have disproportionate influence over a government agency that is supposed to represent the interests of the public.

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Group of specialized cells and cell product that work together

Answers

Answer:

It is the definition of tissue.

The intensive care unit nurse would expect pulmonary artery (PA) catheter monitoring to be used with a patient in which situation? Cannot tolerate hemodynamic monitoring Requires a peripheral intravenous catheter for vasoactive medication administration ONeeds a central catheter for total parenteral nutrition Requires evaluation of left ventricular pressures each shift.

Answers

The intensive care unit (ICU) nurse would expect pulmonary artery (PA) catheter monitoring to be used with a patient in a situation that requires evaluation of left ventricular pressures each shift.

PA catheter monitoring, also known as Swan-Ganz catheterization, is commonly utilized in critical care settings to assess various hemodynamic parameters. It involves inserting a catheter into the pulmonary artery to measure pressures within the heart chambers.

While there are multiple indications for PA catheter monitoring, the specific situation mentioned in the question pertains to the evaluation of left ventricular pressures. This monitoring allows healthcare providers to assess the function of the left ventricle, such as monitoring for signs of cardiac decompensation or evaluating response to therapy in patients with heart failure or other cardiac conditions. By assessing left ventricular pressures regularly, healthcare providers can make informed decisions regarding patient management and adjust treatment strategies as needed.

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List (with some explanation if needed) examples of risk stratification for patients undergoing Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty.
List examples of risk adjustment for patients undergoing Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty.

Answers

Risk adjustment is an important factor in assessing the outcomes and quality of care for patients undergoing Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty (THA/TKA).

It involves accounting for patient characteristics that may influence surgical outcomes. Here are some examples of risk adjustment variables for THA/TKA:

1. Age: Older age is associated with increased surgical risks and potential complications.

2. Body Mass Index (BMI): Higher BMI can impact surgical outcomes, such as wound healing and joint stability.

3.Comorbidities: Presence of pre-existing medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or heart disease can affect postoperative recovery.

4.Functional Status: Assessment of a patient's mobility and functional ability before surgery helps identify potential challenges during rehabilitation.

5. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification: This classification system evaluates the overall health status and surgical risk of the patient.

6. Surgical Approach: Different surgical approaches (e.g., minimally invasive or traditional) may have varying levels of complexity and associated risks.

These risk adjustment factors are considered to ensure fair comparisons and provide a comprehensive evaluation of surgical outcomes for THA/TKA patients.

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after providing initial care, which actions must you implement?

Answers

The nurse should always use fresh gloves, protective eyewear, face shields, and masks when caring for a client who was treated initially. Keeping the initial care is important.

The doctor or nurse uses a suction bulb to gently remove mucus and other debris from the mouth, nose, and throat right after a healthy birth. The infant can then breathe on its own. The umbilical cord of the newborn is clamped using two devices side by side, and it is then severed between the clamps. The infant is thoroughly dried before being placed on the mother's belly with skin-to-skin contact or on a warm, sterile blanket. Not every delivery follows the same pattern. In order to spot any evident deformities or indications of discomfort, the doctor checks the infant. A thorough physical examination follows.

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A 27 year old female patient with a long history of diabetes mellitus present to the office for her annual physical and to go over the results of her blood work the doctor

Answers

Answer: The patient’s complaints of increased hunger and urination are indicative of diabetes, and the loss of vision in the periphery can result from uncontrolled diabetes

Had to complete the question before answering.

A 27 year old female patient with a long history of diabetes mellitus presents to the office for her annual physical and to go over the results of her blood work with the doctor. During the patient history section of the examination, the patient states that she has been experiencing increased hunger, urination frequency, and heartburn. In addition, she has noticed that when driving, the cars next to her are tougher for her to see. She also states that her neck and shoulders are tight and achy. The blood work comes back with the following results:

Fasting Glucose: 108mg/dl

HgbA1c: 8.0%

Chloride: 115 mEq/L

Potassium: 5.9 mEq/L

Sodium: 155 mEq/L

Calcium: 8.9mg/dl

Magnesium: 1.5 mg/dl

Phosphorus: 5.1 mg/d

EXPLANATION:

The patients blood sugar are above the recommended level or target range. Which has led to the patient experiencing symptoms of increased hunger, urination frequency, heart attack, the patient’s complaints of increased hunger and urination are indicative or signs of diabetes, and the loss of vision in the periphery is a result from an uncontrolled diabetes.

What role do nurses have in selecting and evaluating information systems within your work environment?

Answers

Answer:

The role of nurses in selecting and evaluating information system are

To make shared decisions

To assess the improvement achieved and its uses in the health care sector for patient care

To stay updated on the newer technologies

To expose the problems in th technology and requesting for necessary changes

The main strategy which facilitated the implementation of information system are

To reduce the time spent unnecessary

For faster actions

To deliver error free patient care

To increase the time spent with the patient

To accurately read and monitor patiwnt vital statistics and be alert and prevent consequences and complications

The main barrier to implementation are

High cost to get the devices

Maintainance  issues

Good trained technical staffs to handle any faults in the devices

Lack or inadequate training to the nurses

Lack of competency to use the technologies

Explanation:

Nurses select, evaluate, and implement information systems. Nurses use nursing implementation science to keep IT-related systems active and valuable in healthcare operations.

What is the main goal of nursing informatics?

The practice and the science of integrating nursing information and expertise with technology in order to manage and integrate health information is referred to as nursing informatics. The purpose of nursing informatics is to enhance people's and communities' overall health while simultaneously lowering associated costs.

When it comes to selecting, analyzing, and putting into action information systems, registered nurses (RNs) perform several important responsibilities. When it comes to the day-to-day operations of healthcare functions and services, nurses are the ones that inject the nursing implementation science that keeps the IT-related systems operational and useful.

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Within the structure of a healthcare agency, who is responsible for developing organizational policies?

A. the administrator
B. the board of directors
C. the nursing assistant
D. the physicians and nurses

Answers

It is b- The board of directors

why shouldn't you use an AED on someone having a heart attack​

Answers

Answer:

Remember, a heart attack can turn into cardiac arrest if the heart becomes damaged. If the person is not responsive when you yell at him, assume it is CARDIAC ARREST and start CPR.

Explanation:

The  AED      

could change the heartbeat pattern

In what respects does epidemiology differ from clinical medicine?

Answers

Answer:

Epidemiology and clinical medicine are both fields of study related to health and disease, but they differ in several key respects:

Scope and Population-level Focus: Epidemiology is the study of health and disease patterns in populations, typically at the community, regional, national, or global level. It focuses on understanding the distribution, determinants, and patterns of health and disease in populations, including factors such as risk factors, prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Clinical medicine, on the other hand, focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of individual patients at the level of the individual or small groups of patients.

Study Design and Methods: Epidemiology typically employs observational study designs, such as cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies, to investigate the relationships between exposures (such as risk factors) and health outcomes in populations. Clinical medicine, on the other hand, often involves randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, and other experimental designs to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions or treatments in individual patients.

Emphasis on Population Health and Prevention: Epidemiology places a strong emphasis on population health and disease prevention. Epidemiologists study patterns of disease occurrence and work to identify and understand risk factors and determinants of health in populations, with the goal of informing public health policies and interventions to prevent disease and promote health at the population level. Clinical medicine, on the other hand, focuses on diagnosing, treating, and managing diseases in individual patients, with the goal of improving the health outcomes of individual patients.

Role in Public Health and Policy: Epidemiology plays a critical role in public health practice, as it provides evidence for the development of public health policies and interventions to improve population health. Epidemiologists work closely with public health agencies and policymakers to identify and mitigate health risks, monitor disease trends, and develop strategies for disease prevention and control. Clinical medicine, on the other hand, is primarily concerned with providing individual patient care and is typically not directly involved in the development of public health policies.

Data and Analysis: Epidemiology often involves the analysis of large datasets, such as population-based surveys, health records, and other epidemiological databases, to identify patterns and trends in health and disease at the population level. Clinical medicine, on the other hand, primarily relies on individual patient data, including medical history, physical examinations, and laboratory tests, to diagnose and treat diseases in individual patients.

Overall, while both epidemiology and clinical medicine are important fields of study related to health and disease, they differ in their scope, study designs, methods, emphasis on population health, role in public health and policy, and data analysis approaches. Understanding these differences is crucial for accurately interpreting and applying findings from both fields in healthcare practice and public health interventions.

Explanation:

a nurse at a long-term care facility is conducting a medication reconciliation for a client who has just moved into the facility. the client is currently taking clopidogrel. the nurse is most justified suspecting that this client has a history of what condition?

Answers

The client is currently taking clopidogrel which makes the nurse most justified suspecting that this client has a history of myocardial infarction and is denoted as option D.

What is Clopidogrel?

This refers to a type of medication which functions as an antiplatelet and helps reduce the risk of blood clotting.

On the other hand, myocardial infarction is also referred to as a heart attack which is caused by the blockage of the flow of the blood to the heart which results in its death. Drugs such as clopidogrel is used to treat it which is why option D was chosen as the correct choice.

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The options are:

A) hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident.

B) hemophilia A.

C) idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).

D) myocardial infarction.

how long should you check a victim to see if they are breathing normally

Answers

you should check a victim for 10 seconds  to see if they are breathing normally

If there's any emergency situation and you're doubtful if a person is breathing. You need to get your face close to his/her mouth and listen for breath sounds or air on your cheek. This should only be done for a maximum of ten seconds before CPR has to be started

The ABCs of trauma include airway, breathing, and circulation. If you observe a person not breathing, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the next step. The most important part of CPR is chest compressions in an orderly manner. It is imperative to call 911 before the intervention, as any time saved is crucial.

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To fight a bacterial infection, a patient was given an antibiotic to take for 10 days. After the patient finished taking the antibiotics as directed, almost all the bacteria were killed. After another 10 days, the patient was sick again with the same type of infection. What most likely happened?

Answers

D        Some of the bacteria were resistant to the antibiotic, and they reproduced

Reilly is a nursing assistant working with Hunter. Reilly didn't get a chance to read Hunter's chart before entering
Hunter's room. Reilly introduces himself and says he is going to take Hunter's vitals. Hunter seems to understand but
is quiet. When Reilly turns away to get equipment, he keeps talking to Hunter to make him comfortable. He notices that
when he turns away from Hunter, Hunter waves his arms until Reilly is speaking directly face-to-face. Reilly looks at
Hunter's chart and brings in an interpreter for sign language. Which kind of communication barrier did Reilly
overcome?

Answers

Answer:

A language communication barrier

Explanation:

sign LANGUAGE  :D

When visiting your doctor, the charges accrued for the resources used are reported in an

Answers

Answer:

If you have experienced unprofessional conduct or inadequate care at the hands of a doctor, it is important that you file a complaint with the state medical board in your state. The Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) provides contact information for every state medical board in the U.S. and its territories.

If dioxin has a half life of 35hours, how long will it take for a toxic plasma concentration of 8ng/ml to decline to therapeutic plasma concentration of 2ng/ml

Answers

The time taken for the toxic plasma concentration of 8 ng/mL to decline to therapeutic plasma concentration of 2 ng/mL is 70 hours

How do i determine the time taken?

To obtain the time taken for the toxic plasma concentration of 8 ng/mL to decline to therapeutic plasma concentration of 2 ng/mL, we must first obtain the number of half-lives that has elapsed. Detials below:

Original amount (N₀) = 8 ng/mLAmount remaining (N) = 2 ng.mLNumber of half-lives (n) =?

2ⁿ = N₀ / N

2ⁿ = 8 / 2

2ⁿ = 4

2ⁿ = 2²

n = 2

Finally, we shall obtain the time taken for for the toxic plasma concentration to decline from 8 ng/mL of 2 ng/mL, . Details below

Half-life of dioxin (t½) = 35 hoursNumber of half-lives (n) = 2 Time taken (t) =?

n = t / t½

Cross multiply

t = n × t½

t = 2 × 35

t = 70 hours

Thus, we can conclude that the time taken is 70 hours

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A pharmacy technician needs to contact the insurance company for a new patient. which essential information
should the technician get from the patient? select all that apply.
- provider and contact information
- the beneficiary
- the group or plan number
- the patient's social security number
- information on copays or deductibles
- described illness of the patient

Answers

When a pharmacy technician is contacting an insurance company for a new patient, they need to gather certain essential information from the patient. First and foremost, the technician should obtain the provider and contact information to ensure that they are contacting the correct insurance company and person. Additionally, they should ask for the group or plan number, which is necessary for the insurance company to verify the patient's coverage.

The beneficiary's name is also important to verify coverage and ensure that the patient is authorized to receive prescription medications. The patient's social security number may also be required for the insurance company to confirm their identity and coverage. Information on copays or deductibles is important for the patient to know in advance, as they may need to pay for part of their medication cost out of pocket. The described illness of the patient is not necessary for the technician to obtain in order to contact the insurance company.
When a pharmacy technician needs to contact the insurance company for a new patient, the essential information they should get from the patient includes: provider and contact information, the beneficiary, the group or plan number, the patient's social security number, and information on copays or deductibles. The described illness of the patient is not necessary for contacting the insurance company.

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a toothpaste with high abrasive is recommended to remove plaque. T/F

Answers

Answer:

T

Explanation:

False. A toothpaste with high abrasives is not recommended to remove plaque. In fact, using a toothpaste that is too abrasive can actually damage the enamel on your teeth.

Plaque is best removed through regular brushing and flossing, as well as regular dental cleanings. It is important to choose a toothpaste that contains fluoride, which helps to strengthen tooth enamel and prevent cavities. Additionally, some toothpastes may contain ingredients such as triclosan or hydrogen peroxide, which can help to reduce plaque and prevent gum disease. It is always best to consult with your dentist to determine the best toothpaste for your individual needs.
False. A toothpaste with high abrasiveness is not recommended to remove plaque. Abrasive toothpastes can damage tooth enamel and gum tissue, leading to dental problems. Instead, choose a toothpaste with a moderate level of abrasiveness and fluoride to effectively remove plaque while protecting your teeth and gums. Additionally, proper brushing technique and regular dental check-ups are essential for maintaining good oral hygiene.

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PLEASE HELP ! Match the mental health care professional to the description provided.

PLEASE HELP ! Match the mental health care professional to the description provided.

Answers

thepist - animee

psychiatrist - gayle

psychgist - jamal

psyclatric- zhang

Jamal is a clinician who’s providing medication therapy to a patient. Of the four types mental health professionals listed here, Jamal is most likely the psychiatrist. Psychiatrists are medical doctors who diagnose and treat mental illness through a biomedical lens, taking into account the patient’s physical health. As medical doctors, psychiatrists can prescribe medications and other treatments without restriction.

Aimee has a rather broad job description, but the fact that she works with registered nurses in a supportive role strongly suggests that Aimee is the psychiatric technician.

Zhang provides and leads therapeutic counseling sessions, which is, again, a broad job description. Certainly, this would be something a therapist does. Without further information and using the process of elimination, it is most likely that Zhang is the therapist.

Gayle has a research doctorate in psychology, and we are told that she conducts academic research. From the fact that she has a Ph.D. in psychology alone, we could say that she’s the psychologist. While there are psychologists who do treat patients, psychologists generally do not (and in most jurisdictions, are not allowed to) use medication therapy. In any case, it’s a safe bet to say that Gayle is the psychologist.

2. Which human activity would help reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the

atmosphere?

a. decrease the buming of fossil fuels

b. decrease the number of recycling programs

c. increase the human population d increase the number of cars being driven

Answers

A. decrease the burning of fossil fuels

Ethical Principles From the case study provided: a) Identify the meaning of a fragility hip fracture and the impact this can have on an elderly person. b) Describe the specific situation in this case study. c) Using the Framework of Ethical Decision Making (Corey et al., 2014) d) Identify the problem or dilemma Describe the potential issues involved f) Review relevant ethics principles as they apply to this case (eg; informed consent, confidentiality, beneficence, etc. g) Consider possible and probable courses of action h) Describe the consequences of various decisions i) What is the best course of action? Provide a reflection of your learning with this case study. What did you learn? How will you apply this learning in the future? 1 Assignment #2 Ethical Principles From the case study provided: a) Identify the meaning of a fragility hip fracture and the impact this can have on an elderly person. b) Describe the specific situation in this case study. c) Using the Framework of Ethical Decision Making (Corey et al., 2014) d) Identify the problem or dilemma Describe the potential issues involved f) Review relevant ethics principles as they apply to this case (eg; informed consent, confidentiality, beneficence, etc. g) Consider possible and probable courses of action h) Describe the consequences of various decisions i) What is the best course of action? Provide a reflection of your learning with this case study. What did you learn? How will you apply this learning in the future?

Answers

a) A fragility hip fracture is a broken hip bone resulting from minimal trauma or a fall in the elderly person which leads to pain, mobility loss, and reduced independence.

b) The specific situation in the given case study involves an elderly individual experiencing a fragility hip fracture and being admitted to the hospital for treatment. The fracture caused severe pain, limited mobility, and required surgery. A person's independence and quality of life are severely compromised and require support and rehabilitation to restore function. 

c) Using the Framework of Ethical Decision Making, the problem or dilemma is how to address the treatment and care of the elderly patient with a fragility hip fracture.

d) The potential issues involved in this scenario includes ensuring informed consent, maintaining patient confidentiality, promoting beneficence, and balancing autonomy with the patient's best interests.

f) Relevant ethics principles include informed consent, confidentiality, beneficence (doing good for the patient), and autonomy.

g) Possible courses of action may include surgical intervention, pain management, rehabilitation, and ensuring proper support and care for the patient.

h) Consequences of decisions can vary which includes successful recovery, complications, functional limitations, and impact on the patient's quality of life.

i) The best course of action depends on individual circumstances, but it may involve a comprehensive treatment plan that considers the patient's preferences, involves shared decision-making, and prioritizes their overall well-being.

Reflection: This case studies highlight the importance of considering ethical principles in medical decision-making, especially when dealing with vulnerable populations such as the elderly. It stresses the importance of informed consent, confidentiality and the promotion of the patient's best interests.

We learnt the significance of considering individual values and preferences, as well as involving the person and their support system in decision-making. In the future, we can apply this learning by ensuring a patient-centered approach, promoting open communication, and advocating for the well-being and autonomy of individuals in my healthcare practice.

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The patient comes in complaining of syncope. The patient mentions that he has lost a sister earlier to heart disease and he is worried that heart disease runs in the family. The patient is 30 years old and he is tall and skinny.

Answers

I’m not quite sure what answer you’re looking for, but syncope (passing out) is usually caused by a drop in blood pressure, but irregular heartbeats and other cardiac issues can cause loss of consciousness as well. You mentioned he is skinny, and hypoglycemia, low blood sugar that could be associated with not eating enough, can cause a person to pass out.

What are morbidity and mortality, and how are they involved in the more traditional definitions of health?

Answers

Morbidity is another term for illness. If an illness continues it may increase your risk of mortality(death).

A drug company developed a honey-based liquid medicine designed to calm a child's cough at night. To test the drug, 105 children who were ill with an upper respiratory tract infection were randomly selected to participate in a clinical trial. The children were randomly divided into three groups - one group was given a dosage of the honey drug, the second was given a dosage of liquid DM (an over-the-counter cough medicine), and the third (control group) received a liquid placebo (no dosage at all). After administering the medicine to their coughing child, parents rated their children's cough diagnosis as either better or worse. The results are shown in the table below: Diagnosis Treatment Better Worse Total Control 4 33 37 DM 12 21 33 Honey 24 11 35 Total 40 65 105 In order to determine whether the treatment group is independent of the coughing diagnosis, a two-way chi-square test was conducted. Suppose the p- value for the test was calculated to be p = 0.0016. What is the appropriate conclusion to make when testing at a = 0.05? There is insufficient evidence to indicate the treatment group is independent of the coughing diagnosis. There is sufficient evidence to indicate the treatment group is dependent on the coughing diagnosis. There is insufficient evidence to indicate the treatment group is dependent on the coughing diagnosis. There is sufficient evidence to indicate the treatment group is independent of the coughing diagnosis.

Answers

There is sufficient evidence to indicate the treatment group is dependent on the coughing diagnosis.

To begin, recall the following:-The null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis can be defined as follows: H0: The treatment group and the coughing diagnosis are independent. HA: The treatment group and the coughing diagnosis are dependent (associated).-We will calculate the expected value for each cell using the formula (row total x column total) / sample size, as we have three rows and three columns.

For example, the expected frequency of the Better Control Cell is (37 x 40) / 105 = 14.1, and so on.-After that, the chi-square value is calculated using the formula Σ(Observed - Expected)2 / Expected.-With 2 degrees of freedom, this chi-square value has a p-value of 0.0016, which is less than the significance level of 0.05.-So, there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the treatment group is associated with cough diagnosis. Therefore, There is sufficient evidence to indicate the treatment group is dependent on the coughing diagnosis.

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young woman reports 3 months of worsening vision, noting blurred and diplopic abnormalities. She also complains of left leg and right arm weakness. Examination reveals extraocular palsies, poor visual acuity, nystagmus, left leg and right arm strength deficits and a positive Romberg sign. You suspect a central inflammatory demyelinating process. what is the most likely diagnosis?

Multiple sclerosis

Pt. will most likely be a Caucasian female

PE may show spinal electric shock sensation with neck flexion (Lhermitte phenomenon)

CSF will show increased IgG protein

Diagnosis is made by T2 weighted MRI

Treatment is symptomatic, methylprednisolone, interferon beta 1a

Answers

Based on the symptoms and examination findings described, the most likely diagnosis is multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, causing inflammation and damage to the myelin sheath that surrounds nerve fibers.

Diagnosis refers to the process of identifying a medical condition or disease in an individual based on their symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and various medical tests. The goal of diagnosis is to accurately determine the underlying cause of an individual's symptoms and to develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Medical professionals use a combination of tools and techniques to make a diagnosis, including medical imaging, laboratory tests, and diagnostic procedures. In some cases, a diagnosis may be straightforward, while in other cases, it may require more extensive investigation and consultation with specialists. An accurate and timely diagnosis is critical for effective treatment and management of a medical condition or disease.

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Complete Question:

young woman reports 3 months of worsening vision, noting blurred and diplopic abnormalities. She also complains of left leg and right arm weakness. Examination reveals extraocular palsies, poor visual acuity, nystagmus, left leg and right arm strength deficits and a positive Romberg sign. You suspect a central inflammatory demyelinating process. what is the most likely diagnosis?

Which term means to focus on one idea or aspect of something to the exclusion of all others?
focus on appearance
egocentrism
guided participation
centration

Answers

im pretty sure its centration
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