In the electron transport chains of organisms that conduct anaerobic respiration, a final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule other than oxygen. The final electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration are typically nitrates (NO3−), sulfates (SO42−), or carbon dioxide (CO2).
In anaerobic respiration, which is a type of cellular respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen, the electron transport chain works similarly to aerobic respiration, but with an inorganic molecule other than oxygen acting as the final electron acceptor. The inorganic molecule that accepts the electrons at the end of the electron transport chain depends on the type of organism.
Nitrate is reduced to nitrite (NO2−), nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), or molecular nitrogen (N2) during the process.Organisms that use sulfate (SO42−) as the final electron acceptor also produce ATP by converting NADH to NAD+. During this process, sulfate is reduced to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or sulfur dioxide (SO2).Carbon dioxide (CO2) is used as the final electron acceptor in some anaerobic respiration processes, such as methanogenesis, where it is reduced to methane (CH4). In other organisms, carbon dioxide is reduced to acetate (CH3COO−) or other organic compounds.
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After burning fossil fuels, most of the carbon winds up in the:
A. atmosphere
B. ocean
C. rock layers
D. decomposers
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Question 1 (1 point)
Read the following description:
These organisms are large predators. They have been known to eat other carnivores and herbivores. Although these organisms are very successful, their population has been greatly threatened by humans.
Which of the following best fits the description of these organisms?
Question 1 options:
level one: photoautotrophs
level two: herbivores
level three: carnivores
level four: top predators
Large predators that feed on other carnivores and herbivores but are threatened by humans are best described as top predators.
An organism that feeds on another organism is known as a predator. The organism it feeds on is known as the prey.
In a typical ecosystem, top predators are organisms that exist at the top of the ecosystem's food chain without themselves being prey to any natural predator. Thus, such organisms have the capability to interact with humans in different ways, including being hunted down as food or pets.
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Which of the following would be the result of taking an antagonist for the
androgen binding protein?
A v estrogen
B. testosterone
C. V LH
D. IFSH
The result of taking an antagonist for the androgen binding protein would be a decrease in testosterone (B). An antagonist for the androgen binding protein would block the activity of this protein, which is responsible for binding androgens like testosterone. This would lead to reduced levels of active testosterone in the body, as it would not be able to effectively bind to its target receptors.
Taking an antagonist for the androgen binding protein would result in a decrease in testosterone levels. Androgen binding protein plays a crucial role in the transport of testosterone in the bloodstream. By inhibiting its action, the binding of testosterone to the protein is prevented, leading to a decrease in the level of testosterone available for use by the body. Therefore, option B, testosterone, would be the correct answer.
The antagonist would not have any direct effect on estrogen levels, as they are regulated by a different set of hormones. LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) are pituitary hormones that stimulate the production of testosterone in the testes. However, an antagonist for androgen binding protein would not directly affect their secretion, although a decrease in testosterone levels may cause an increase in LH and FSH as a compensatory mechanism to stimulate testosterone production. Therefore, options A, C, and D would not be the correct answer.
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Why are enteric bacteria such as escherichia coli, are common meat contaminants?
Enteric bacteria are common meat contaminants because d) ecoli and other enterics naturally inhabit other animals` intestines, where they generally do not cause harm, but an improper handling leads to contamination. So, correct option is d.
Enteric bacteria are microscopic organisms that normally exist in the digestion tracts of creatures and people. Intestinal microorganisms can be either innocuous, like stomach vegetation or microbiota, or pathogenic, and that implies that they cause infection.
By and large, all microbes are arranged relying upon their sort of cell wall (i.e., gram positive or gram negative) and their shape (i.e., bar, round, or twisting formed). In particular, gram-positive microorganisms have a few layers of peptidoglycan, a material made of sugars and amino acids, in their cell wall, while gram-negative microbes have only one peptidoglycan layer.
Enteric bacteria easily survive in intestine of living beings without causing any harm due to that it is considered as one of common meat contaminants.
Hence, correct option is d.
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(Complete question) is:
Why are enteric bacteria such as escherichia coli, are common meat contaminants?
a.ecoli is not tranmitted to body parts.
b.ecoli is transmitted to meat with flies
c.Meat is routinely contaminated with feces during storage in the countries like United States
d.ecoli and other enterics naturally inhabit other animals` intestines, where they generally do not cause harm, but an improper handling leads to contamination
e.ecoli infects the animal when it is drinking fecally contaminated water
classify the phrases as pertaining to fatty acid synthesis or fatty acid oxidation.
fatty acid oxidation: acetyl CoA is a product, takes place in the mitochondria, intermediates linked to coenzyme A, uses FAD and NAD+.
The majority of the chemical energy required to drive a cell's metabolic operations is produced by membrane-bound cell organelles called mitochondria (plural: mitochondrion). Adenosine triphosphate is a little molecule that stores the chemical energy generated by the mitochondria (ATP). Sugar is thought to be bad for our teeth and our waistlines, but it's also the enemy of our mitochondria and a major factor in many metabolic health problems. Extra sugar consumption stresses the mitochondria, forcing them to release free radicals. Oxidative damage is what this is.
classify the phrases as pertaining to fatty acid synthesis or fatty acid oxidation?
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how thermoreceptors respond when the skin is contacted by an object depends on __________.
Thermoreceptors respond when the skin is contacted by an object depending on the temperature of the object touching the skin.
Thermoreceptors are specialized nerve endings that detect temperature changes in the environment. They are located in the skin, mucous membranes, and viscera, and are responsible for regulating body temperature and providing individuals with a sense of hot or cold sensations. The ability of thermoreceptors to respond when the skin is contacted by an object depends on the temperature of the object touching the skin.
When a hot object contacts the skin, thermoreceptors located in the skin respond by increasing their firing rate, which triggers the sensation of warmth. Conversely, when a cold object contacts the skin, thermoreceptors respond by decreasing their firing rate, which triggers the sensation of coldness. The response of thermoreceptors to temperature changes is known as thermosensation, and it plays an essential role in regulating the body's temperature and maintaining homeostasis.
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Classify the types of data as being found in a survivorship curve, a life table, or both. Labels may be used more than once. Survivorship curve Life table Graphical pattern of survival over time age specific fertility number of individuals that survive to a particular age class Net reproductive rate Reset
Survivorship curves and life tables are both used in demography to study population dynamics, but they serve different purposes and focus on different types of data.
A survivorship curve is a graphical representation of the pattern of survival over time for a cohort (group of individuals born at the same time) in a population. Survivorship curves are typically classified into three types, based on the shape of the curve: Type I, which shows high survival rates for most of the lifespan and then drops sharply towards the end (typical of humans and other large mammals).
The data found in a life table includes the age-specific mortality rates, which are used to calculate the probability of surviving to each age or time point; the age-specific fertility rates, which are used to calculate the number of offspring produced by each female in the population; and the population size and structure, which are used to calculate the net reproductive rate and other demographic parameters.
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What makes a hypothesis scientifically
Answer:
The basic idea of a hypothesis is that there is no pre-determined outcome. For a hypothesis to be termed a scientific hypothesis, it has to be something that can be supported or refuted through carefully crafted experimentation or observation
Explanation:
A hypothesis is an educated guess. When scientist make a hypothesis, it gives them a reason to make an experiment to decide whether its accepted or not and they also learn more about that certain subject while doing so. When scientist make a hypothesis, it gives them a reason to make an experiment to decide whether its accepted or not and they also learn more about that certain subject while doing so. Comments
Answer:
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Plants take in and release oxygen gas
Answer:
Photosynethesis
Explanation:
why was it important that mendel saw 3:1 ratios for multiple traits as opposed to only seeing it for flower color?
There is an emphasis on 3:1 ratios when learning genetics because they represent an important case by illustrating the impact of dominant-recessive relationships between alleles on mating outcomes.
The F2 generation produced a 3:1 ratio where the dominant trait is present three times as compared to the recessive trait. Mendel used two terms to describe the relationship of the two phenotypes based on F1 and F2 phenotypes. The hereditary determinants are of specific nature. In 3:1 ratios , there are three progeny with the dominant phenotype for every one with the recessive phenotype
This implies that three offspring will have a dominant phenotype and there is one offspring that will have a recessive genotype, that is the recessive phenotype. Hence, the overall ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes is 3:1.
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During exercise, the rate of blood flow increases in ____ a. heart and lungs b. liver and kidneys c. muscle and decreases in digestive organs d. skin and bone
The correct answer to the question is c. During exercise, the rate of blood flow increases in muscles to provide oxygen and nutrients for energy production.
During exercise, the body's demand for oxygen and nutrients increases, which requires an increase in blood flow to specific organs and tissues. The correct answer to the question is c. During exercise, the rate of blood flow increases in muscles to provide oxygen and nutrients for energy production. At the same time, blood flow decreases in digestive organs to redirect blood to the working muscles. The liver and kidneys may also experience a slight increase in blood flow to support metabolic processes, but not as significant as the muscles. The skin may also experience an increase in blood flow to regulate body temperature, but not as significant as the muscles. Bone does not experience a significant increase or decrease in blood flow during exercise.
During exercise, the rate of blood flow increases in option (c) muscles and decreases in digestive organs. This occurs because the body prioritizes delivering oxygen and nutrients to the muscles that are being used during physical activity while diverting blood flow away from less essential functions like digestion.
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the model shows a mutation to a partial sequence of bases in a gene. which type of mutation does the model demonstrate? responses deletion deletion insertion insertion substitution substitution translocation
This would include moving a section of insertion within the genome from one place to another. This instance is not a translocation because there is no shifting of DNA fragments. Hence (b) is the correct option.
The model exhibits an insertion mutation (G) according to the analysis. If nucleotide bases are added or removed from a gene in amounts that are not multiples of three, this is referred to as a frameshift mutation. A single base pair that is inserted, removed, or modified in a genome is known as a point mutation. A point mutation is the name given to the type of mutation that takes place when one base gets switched out for another at a specific spot in the DNA.
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The model shows a mutation to a partial sequence of bases in a gene. which type of mutation does the model demonstrate?
a. deletion
b. insertion
c. substitution
d. translocation
how is leaves change color related to photosynthesis
Answer:
Explanation:
Chlorophyll Breaks Down
But in the fall, because of changes in the length of daylight and changes in temperature, the leaves stop their food-making process. The chlorophyll breaks down, the green color disappears, and the yellow to orange colors become visible and give the leaves part of their fall splendor.
Answer: Chlorophyll
Explanation:
Photosynthesis takes place because the cells of the leaf contain the pigment chlorophyll, a bright-green pigment that gives leaves their green color. As fall approaches, trees seal off leaves from the rest of the plant in order to prevent water loss from stomata. Once the leaves are sealed off, the leaf stops producing chlorophyll. Additionally, any chlorophyll remaining in the leaves begins to break down. As the chlorophyll degrades in the leaves, the bright green color disappears. With the green pigment gone, the colors of the other pigments within the leaf can finally be seen.
In other words, those beautiful oranges and yellows that we associate with fall leaves are actually present in the leaves all along—they have just been masked by the green chlorophyll. With the chlorophyll gone, their true colors can be seen.
A tudent made the following obervation about atronomical bodie. Obervation 1: Mar revere it direction of motion in the night' ky. Obervation 2: The tar move acro the ky. Which obervation() can be explained uing the heliocentric model but not the geocentric model?
Only obervation 1
Only obervation 2
Both obervation 1 and obervation 2
Neither obervation 1 nor obervation 2
The heliocentric model, but not the geocentric mode, can explain both observations 1 and 2.
What observations are compatible with the geocentric model?
Two observations proved that Earth is at the center of the universe: First of all, from every point on the planet, the Sun appears to revolve once a day around Earth. The Moon and the planets both appear to make one daily orbit around Earth, despite the fact that they move in different ways.
What does it mean to view the universe from a geocentric perspective?
The geocentrism theory. According to the geocentric hypothesis of the cosmos, the Earth is the center of the universe and around which everything else is said to revolve. This system was widely regarded as true in ancient Greece.
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Nutrients encourage the growth of blue-green algae. The process of nutrient enrichment in a waterway is called.
Answer:
eutrophication
Describe a reason why ecosystem stability is important to the life forms in the ecosystem, and why stability in one ecosystem is important for stability in an adjoining one.
Ecosystems:
In biology, ecosystems refer to sets of organisms and their environments. These systems work together in order to provide nutrition at different levels, with one component eating from other levels.
Ecosystem stability is important to the life forms in the ecosystem because it affects their existence. A stable ecosystem has a balanced population of the various species found within.
Ecosystem stability is important to the life forms in the ecosystem because it affects their existence. A stable ecosystem has a balanced population of the various species found within. The presence of the different life forms found within an ecosystem gives it resilience to outside changes. However, an unstable ecosystem can result in the extinction of certain species, which is an important factor in maintaining biodiversity. Additionally, a balanced ecosystem provides food, shelter, and a place to live for different life forms, including humans.Having a stable ecosystem in one area is important for stability in an adjoining one because ecosystems are not isolated from one another. They interact with each other in numerous ways. Animals and plants move from one environment to another, providing vital nutrients and ensuring the exchange of genetic information. In the case of aquatic ecosystems, water moves through different rivers and tributaries. This movement can affect other ecosystems found downstream or even upstream.In conclusion, stability within an ecosystem is crucial for the maintenance of biodiversity, and it ensures the survival of different life forms. It is also necessary for the stable ecosystems that interact with it. Ecosystems provide a habitat for different life forms, and the presence of these life forms is an essential aspect of maintaining a stable ecosystem.
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What is the mechanism that allows species to change over time?
Answer:
evolution
Explanation:
Natural selection is a mechanism that drives evolutionary change. Simply put, it is the survival of traits that are favorable to an organism within its environment. Think of it in terms of the example above with the mice.
11. List two physical properties of soil.
list three conditions necessary for the germination of seed.
E.P BETHEL INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL- ACCRA NEWTOWN
END OF SECOND TERM EXAMINATION- 2020
INTEGRATED SCIENCE-JHS ONE
SECTION B (ESSAY) 6OMARKS
Answer any four questions in this section. Each complete question carries 15 marks.
2. a. i. State the reasons why some seeds are nursed.
(3mar
(2mar
(1x3.
(2mc
(2m
b. I. List three (3) conditions necessary for the germination of seed.
ii. State two functions of roots.
'c. (1) What is dispersal of seeds?
(11) State two characteristics of seeds dispersed by wind.
3. a. Apiece of stone has a mass of 360g. When it is put into water in a glass,
the level of water rises from 60.0cm to 90.0cm.Calculate the density of
(3r
(5
the stone.
b. i. List three benefits of vegetables to humans.
ii. Give two reasons why soil air is important.
c. 1. Define the term soil profile.
ii. State two ways in which soil profile is important in crop production
Answer:
Number 11 is the soil color and the soil texture.
Number 2.a.i. is to protect the seeds from harsh weather conditions e.g. sunlight rainfall etc.
b. water, oxygen and warmth
c.1) Seed dispersal is the scattering of seeds from a mother plant to new areas.
11) Seeds dispersed by wind have wing like structures.
Seeds dispersed by wind are light.
3a. Density=Mass/Volume
=360g/60cm³ then cancel zero and zero then cancel by 6 once by 36÷6 we get 6g/cm³
3bi)Vegetables are a source of food to humans.
Vegetables provide herbal medicine to humans.
ii)Plants require oxygen for germination.
Organisms in soil require air to breathe.
3c)Soil profile is the verticle arrangement of layers from top to bottom.
3d)It helps a farmer to know the fertility of the soil.
Explanation:
Methicillin is an example of the beta-lactam class of drugs that?
Answer:
Meticillin (INN, BAN) or methicillin (USAN) is a narrow spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class.
Explanation:
Like other beta-lactam antibiotics, methicillin acts by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It inhibits cross-linkage between the linear peptidoglycan polymer chains that make up a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria.
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Answer:
target gram-positive bacteria
Explanation:
To be specific, they block the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall that is composed of peptidoglycan which methicillin targets
what are 5 factors needed to support life(actually list the please)
The MA is unfamiliar with the drug to be administered, so he or she looks up in a drug reference
The medical assistant (MA) is unfamiliar with the drug to be administered, so he or she looks up in a drug reference to get accurate information about the medication and its administration.
A drug reference is a source of accurate and detailed information about pharmaceutical drugs. These sources provide information about drug dosage, side effects, indications, interactions, administration, pharmacokinetics, and other critical data that medical practitioners need to know when prescribing medication to patients.In this case, the MA looks up the drug reference to obtain accurate data about the medication and its administration, as well as any safety precautions that must be taken to prevent medication errors.
By obtaining this information from the drug reference, the MA can ensure that the patient receives safe and effective care.
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What is the purpose of strip cropping?
a.
prevent soil erosion
b.
maintain nutrient levels
c.
reduce plant disease
d.
all of the above
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Answer:
A
Explanation:
What is the purpose of strip cropping?
= Prevent soil erosion...
\(...\)
Answer:
A. Prevent soil erosion
Explanation:
in many signaling pathways, once a signaling molecule binds to a receptor, the receptor becomes phosphorylated. this initial phosphorylation step best demonstrates: receptor activation. termination. cellular response. signal transduction. either cellular response or signal transduction.
In many signaling pathways, once a signaling molecule binds to a receptor, the receptor becomes phosphorylated. this initial phosphorylation step best demonstrates: receptor activation.
In many signaling pathways, the binding of a signaling molecule to its receptor initiates a cascade of events that ultimately leads to a cellular response. One of the earliest events in this cascade is the phosphorylation of the receptor. This initial phosphorylation step best demonstrates receptor activation, as it triggers a conformational change in the receptor that allows it to interact with downstream signaling proteins.
Receptor activation sets off a series of events known as signal transduction, which involves the propagation of the signal from the receptor to intracellular targets. This process involves the activation of various signaling pathways, such as protein kinase cascades, and ultimately leads to a cellular response.
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the precambrian: group of answer choices is the age of algae, and occurred just before the mesozoic. is the age of trilobites, and occurred just before the mesozoic. is the age of trilobites, and occurred just before the paleozoic. is the age of algae, and occurred just before the paleozoic.
The algae provided the food and energy source that allowed the organisms to grow.
Common Precambrian fossils include stromatolites and similar structures, which are trace mats of algae like microorganisms, and microfossils of other microorganisms. The mesozoic ended with a great extinction at the end of the cretaceous period. All the dinosaurs except the birds disappeared in this extinction. Another mass extinction occurred near the end of the triassic period. The cenozoic era was a time when communities took on a more modern appearance. Bacteria were the first organisms to live on earth.They made their appearance three billion years ago in the waters of the first oceans. At first, there were only anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria.The fossil record of multicellular animals from the precambrian includes three main groups that have persisted to the present day.
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calculate the membrane potential (vm) for the following new organism recently discovered on pluto! ion eion permeability xi 80mv 9 cd 20mv 1 34. the neuro version of ohm's law is: .
This novel organism has a membrane potential of -57 mV for ion cd and 27 mV for ion eion.
The neuro version of Ohm's law is:
Vm = (RT/zF) * ln([ion]_outside / [ion]_inside)
where Vm is the membrane potential, R is the gas constant, T is temperature in Kelvin, z is the valence of the ion, F is Faraday's constant, and [ion]_outside and [ion]_inside are the extracellular and intracellular concentrations of the ion, respectively.
Given the information provided, we can calculate the membrane potential for this new organism for ion eion:
Vm(eion) = (RT/zF) * ln([eion]_outside / [eion]_inside)
= (8.31 J/mol K * 240 K / 1 * 96485 C/mol) * ln(9/1)
= 0.027 V or 27 mV (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Similarly, we can calculate the membrane potential for ion cd:
Vm(cd) = (RT/zF) * ln([cd]_outside / [cd]_inside)
= (8.31 J/mol K * 240 K / 1 * 96485 C/mol) * ln(34/1)
= -0.057 V or -57 mV (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Therefore, the membrane potential for this new organism for ion eion is 27 mV, and for ion cd is -57 mV.
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Describe the mutation that confers resistance to infection to a major strain of HIV.
Answer:
BIKTARVY® is indicated as a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adult and pediatric patients weighing ≥25 kg who have no antiretroviral (ARV) treatment history or to replace the current ARV regimen in those who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies per mL) on a stable ARV regimen with no history of treatment failure and no known resistance to any component of BIKTARVY.
Distinguish between acute and chronic diseases.(Class 9 Ncert Answer Pls)
Answer:
Acute diseases refer to the medical condition that occurs suddenly and lasts for a shorter period of time. Chronic diseases develop slowly in our body and may last for a lifetime. Chronic diseases are sometimes fatal.
Answer:
Well, here is your answer...
Explanation:
I am really sorry because I have to search other website for answering this question because I am not in the same grade which you are in... SORRY DEAR !!!
The matrix structure is most appropriate for organizations exhibiting which of the following characteristics:
a. Organizations with numerous products or projects that draw on common functional expertise.
b. Organizations that have grown through diversification, vertical integration, and aggressive market or product development.
c. Organizations with single product/service and narrowly focused organizations.
d. Multinational organizations and non- governmental agencies (NGAs).
The matrix structure is most appropriate for organizations exhibiting the characteristic of "Organizations with numerous products or projects that draw on common functional expertise".
The matrix structure is a form of organizational structure that is created by overlapping functional and product divisions within an organization. It can also be referred to as a grid, project-based, or cross-functional structure. The matrix structure is the most appropriate for organizations that are made up of various products or projects that depend on similar functional knowledge or skill sets.Most of these projects or products, when executed under a single functional department, result in inefficiencies, such as repetition of effort, sluggish decision-making, and suboptimal resource use. As a result, businesses adopt the matrix structure to eliminate these inefficiencies and increase their chances of achieving their objectives. Matrix organizational structures may be difficult to operate in comparison to conventional hierarchical or functional structures.
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Please help, I’ll mark as brainliest.
Answer: Male and female
Explanation: Male has XY chromosomes and Female has XX
Hope this is correct
If you were studying the functions of skeletal muscle, you would be studying all of the following except:
protecting internal organs.
movement.
holding the head erect.
production of blood cells.
helping maintain a constant body temperature.
Answer:
Helping maintain a constant body temperature
Explanation:
The skeletal muscle does not maintain body temperature
It aids movement
It serves as a form of protection for the internal organs for example rib cage for the liver
The bone marrow produces red blood cells
But the skeleton doesn't maintain the body temperature