What is the process called when external DNA integrates into a bacteria's genome?

Answers

Answer 1

The process called when external DNA integrates into a bacteria's genome is known as "horizontal gene transfer" (HGT). HGT is a natural phenomenon where genetic material is transferred between organisms, often across species boundaries.

In bacteria, there are three primary mechanisms of HGT:

Transformation: In transformation, bacteria take up extracellular DNA from their environment, if this external DNA is successfully integrated into the bacterial chromosome, it can lead to the acquisition of new genetic traits. Transduction: Transduction is another HGT mechanism involving bacteriophages, which are viruses that infect bacteria. Conjugation: Conjugation is a direct cell-to-cell transfer of genetic material mediated by a plasmid, a circular DNA molecule separate from the bacterial chromosome.

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Related Questions

What is cell theory

Answers

Answer:

The cell theory is as we know it now in biology, its the idea of which all living organisms are made up of cells, and that these cells are the basic structured unit of life in living organisms. Additionally, that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Hope this helped!

Explanation:

Plz help me this is my last question :D

Which cell division phase is shown in the image?
O telophase
O metaphase
O anaphase
O prophase

Plz help me this is my last question :DWhich cell division phase is shown in the image?O telophaseO metaphaseO

Answers

It would be prophase

Hope this helps

Have a great day/night

Which of these is not a feature of
prokaryotic cells?

A. ribosome
B. cytoplasm
C. cell membrane
D. nucleus

Answers

Answer:

D. Nucleus

Explanation:

Tsunami waves have

A. No crests
B. No troughs
C. Long wavelengths
D. Short wavelengths

Please help ASAP!

Answers

Answer:

D)\/ Yesssss on spanish

shape size and any structures at the lowest magnification and record what you see under each magnification identify any cell structuresyou see​

Answers

Hello. Unfortunately your question is incomplete, which makes it impossible for it to be answered. However, through the context, we can see that your question is asking you to describe the cellular structures that you can see through a microscope.

To answer this question, you will need to look at biological material under a microscope to see what cells this material has and the structures it has. To do this, you will need to determine what material you will be using. This material can be a leaf, flower, a piece of fruit, or any other material that contains cells. After choosing the material, you need to search for a protocol, a tutorial, that shows how this material can be prepared so that the cells can be visualized through a microscope. This protocol can be found on the internet and in articles. You must follow the entire protocol to the letter, to be able to identify the cellular structures.

Question 2 5 pts What diagnostic tests do you expect to be ordered for this patient? What is the rationale for such tests? Edit

Answers

The diagnostic tests that may be ordered for this patient could include blood tests (such as complete blood count, liver function tests), imaging studies (such as ultrasound or CT scan), and potentially a liver biopsy.

Based on the patient's symptoms and the suspected diagnosis of pneumonia, several diagnostic tests may be ordered. These tests can help confirm the diagnosis, identify the causative agent, and guide appropriate treatment:

Chest X-ray: It provides a visual examination of the lungs to look for signs of infection, such as consolidation or infiltrates.

Sputum Culture and Sensitivity: This test involves analyzing a sample of the patient's sputum for the presence of bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms causing the infection. It helps determine the specific pathogen and its susceptibility to antibiotics.

Complete Blood Count (CBC): This blood test measures various components of the blood, including white blood cell count (elevated in bacterial infections), hemoglobin levels, and platelet count.

Pulse Oximetry: It measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood, which can indicate how well the lungs are functioning.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): This molecular test detects and identifies the genetic material of specific pathogens, including viruses and atypical bacteria, providing rapid and accurate results.

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What does the saying, "What we eat
determines how well our digestion works", means?​

Answers

say you eat mcdonalds everyday and all that grease and artifical flavorings that weakens ur umune system but if u eat ur fruits,veggies, protiens,and exc ur ummune system is stronger than those who eat mcdonalds all day

If a plant's roots excrete CO2, and acidify clay soils, you would expect this to

Answers

Plants' root excretion of CO2 and acidification of clay soils can have significant impacts on soil fertility and nutrient availability.

When plant roots respire, they release carbon dioxide (CO2) as a byproduct. This CO2 can dissolve in the soil water, leading to the acidification of the surrounding environment. In clay soils, this acidification process can be more pronounced due to the clay's ability to retain water and slow down the pH buffering capacity.

The acidification of clay soils caused by root excretion of CO2 has several effects on soil properties. Firstly, it can alter the availability of nutrients to plants. Acidic conditions can increase the solubility of certain nutrients like phosphorus, iron, and manganese, making them more accessible to plant roots. However, excessive acidification can also lead to the leaching of essential nutrients like calcium and magnesium, which can negatively impact plant growth.

Furthermore, the acidification process can affect soil microorganisms. Some soil bacteria and fungi are sensitive to changes in pH, and excessively acidic conditions can inhibit their activity. These microorganisms play crucial roles in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition, so their disruption can have cascading effects on soil health and fertility.

It's important to note that while root excretion of CO2 can contribute to the acidification of clay soils, it is not the sole factor influencing soil pH. Other processes, such as weathering of minerals and organic matter decomposition, also contribute to soil acidification. Therefore, the overall impact of plant root excretion on soil pH and fertility depends on various factors, including plant species, soil composition, and environmental conditions.

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______________________ are segments of DNA found in chromosomes that give instructions for producing a certain characteristics

Answers

Answer:

Genes

Explanation:

congestive heart failure of the right ventricle a- can cause spulmonary edema, b- systemic edema, c- increase in the ejection fraction of the right ventricle. d- reduces the ejection fraction of the left ventricle e-increases cardiac output in both ventricles.

Answers

Congestive heart failure of the right ventricle is a condition that can have serious consequences for the body. One potential consequence of this condition is pulmonary edema, which occurs when fluid builds up in the lungs.

This can make it difficult to breathe and cause other respiratory problems. Additionally, congestive heart failure of the right ventricle can lead to systemic edema, which is when fluid builds up in other parts of the body. This can cause swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet.

It is important to note that congestive heart failure of the right ventricle can also have an impact on the ejection fraction of both the left and right ventricles. Specifically, it can reduce the ejection fraction of the left ventricle, which can lead to decreased cardiac output and a variety of other problems. Additionally, it may increase the ejection fraction of the right ventricle, which can also impact cardiac output.

Overall, congestive heart failure of the right ventricle is a serious condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment in order to prevent further complications.

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Living organisms depend on the environment and each other. What would happen to plants if bacteria were completely removed from soil?
A.They would not be able to perform photosynthesis.
B.They would not be able to perform cellular respiration.
C.They would not be able to produce sufficient proteins.
D.They would not be able to take water up into their roots.

Answers

If bacteria were completely removed from soil, plants

D. They would not be able to take water up into their roots.

What would happen to plants if bacteria were completely removed from soil?

The removal of bacteria from the soil could have a drastic effect on the growth and survival chances of plants.

Bacteria serve a vital purpose in the soil, as they decompose organic matter into nutrients that plants can be easily absorbend through their roots.

Furthermore, some kinds of bacteria even establish a symbiotic relationship with them, participating in an exchange of nutrients between organism and plant. If all bacteria were to be absent from the soil however, vegetation would not have access to these essential nourishments nor be able to take in water adequately, both of which are requisite for its survival. Accordingly, option D is the right solution.

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An open spinal defect characterized by protrusion of meninges and spinal cord through the defect, usually within a meningeal sac is called:

Answers

Answer:

the answer to your question is meningoyelocele

Which of the following statements about LDL internalization is FALSE?
A) The LDL receptor and its bound LDL are ultimately delivered to the lysosome.
B) The LDL receptor transits the secretory pathway.
C) Endosomal pH is crucial for dissociation of LDL from its receptor after endocytosis.
D) Mutations in the LDL receptor cause familial hypercholesterolemia.

Answers

The answer is option B) The LDL receptor transits the secretory pathway. This statement is FALSE regarding LDL internalization.

The FALSE statement about LDL internalization is B) The LDL receptor transits the secretory pathway. LDL internalization involves the binding of LDL to its receptor on the plasma membrane, followed by endocytosis and the formation of endosomes. The endosomal pH is crucial for dissociation of LDL from its receptor, and the LDL receptor and its bound LDL are ultimately delivered to the lysosome for degradation. Mutations in the LDL receptor can cause familial hypercholesterolemia, a condition characterized by elevated levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood.

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consider a free ribosome. what enters this organelle, and what comes out of it, in the process of protein synthesis?

Answers

The messenger RNA (mRNA) enters the free ribosome, and a polypeptide emerges.

The process of translation involves a large number of other molecules and macromolecules in addition to the mRNA template. Each component's composition may alter between species; for example, ribosomes may contain varying amounts of polypeptides and rRNAs depending on the organism. However, the overall designs and operations of the machinery responsible for protein synthesis in both bacterial and human cells are comparable. An mRNA template, ribosomes, tRNAs, and numerous enzyme components must all be present for translation to take place. Protein synthesis can be broken down into the same three processes as mRNA synthesis: initiation, elongation, and termination. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes translate in a similar way. The process of translation in the prokaryote E. coli will be examined in this section, along with any distinctions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation.

Hence, protein are synthesized from the mRNA sequence.

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If the sugar concentration in a cell is 4% and the concentration in a cell’s environment is 2%, how can the cell obtain more sugar?

Answers

For a cell to obtain more sugar the cell must use active transport to pump the sugar inside it .

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration which occur against the concentration gradient . So , it requires cellular energy to achieve this action.

Main function of active transport is involves the movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration with help of energy in form of ATP. examples of active transport include the absorption of glucose in the intestine of the human body and the uptake of minerals or ions into the root hair cells of plants.

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What is Mary and Jim’s hypothesis?

Answers

Answer:

In this case, the scientist want to test the presence of the limonite in the yellow rocks, So, proposed hypothesis should include the color of rock they want to observe and the posssible outcome, which need to be tested. So, a proposed hypothesis can be: The rocks, which have yellow color are made up of mineral lime.

Answer:

They hypothesized that the rock includes large pieces of the mineral limonite.

Explanation:

...

venous obstruction leads to edema because it ________ pressure.

Answers

Venous obstruction leads to edema because it increases hydrostatic pressure.

Veins are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart. They have thinner and less elastic walls compared to arteries. When there is obstruction or blockage in a vein, such as due to a blood clot or compression, the blood flow through the vein is impeded or restricted. As a result, the pressure within the vein, known as venous pressure, increases.

The increased venous pressure hampers the normal return of blood from the affected area back to the heart. This elevated pressure causes fluid to accumulate in the surrounding tissues, leading to the development of edema. Edema is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces, causing swelling and tissue enlargement.

The increase in hydrostatic pressure within the veins opposes the normal pressure gradient that facilitates the movement of fluid out of the capillaries and into the venous system. As a result, the balance between capillary filtration and reabsorption is disrupted, favoring fluid accumulation and edema formation.

Additionally, the increased venous pressure can also impair the function of the tiny one-way valves within the veins, further contributing to fluid retention and edema.

In summary, venous obstruction leads to edema by increasing hydrostatic pressure, disrupting normal fluid balance, and impairing venous return.

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Plant ________ study plant relationships, identify and classify plants into groups based on genetic similarity, and name plants according to these groups.

Answers

Scientist study plant relationships

"If a scientist isolates genes for Hepatitus B antigens from a Hepatitus virus, then inserts them into a bacterial plasmid and replicates the bacteria in a fermenter, what product will be collected?"A. Transgenic bacterial plasmidsB. Hepatitus B frusesC. Hepatitus B vaccineD. Hepatitus resistant bacteria

Answers

If a scientist isolates genes for Hepatitus B antigens from a Hepatitus virus, then inserts them into a bacterial plasmid and replicates the bacteria in a fermenter, the product collected will be transgenic bacterial plasmids, inside the bacteria, in order to proove if the transgenic plasmid actually gives the bacteria resistance to the virus, it has to be grown in an infected medium.

The correct answer is option A.

In the 2016 movie, The Thinning, starring Logan Paul and Peyton List, a group of
teenagers must past a standardized test or be executed. The politicians who developed
this legislation did it because society was suffering from mass population and
legislatures wanted to thin' it out. The ways of dystopic society is a driving force
on evolution. Which mechanism of evolution best identifies this scenario?
A. Genetic drift
B. Natural selection
C. Artificial selection
D. Genetic flow

Answers

Answer:

C. Artificial selection

Explanation:

This is artifical selection because it is "the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations". Humans are unnaturally choosing which humans can survive! Hope this helps :D

questions.
Questions
1 a Name the microorganism which causes the disease smallpox.

Answers

Answer: Variola Virus

Explanation:

how does a potato plant make the food it needs to grow and function

Answers

Answer:    photosynthesis

Explanation:

plants use sunlight to synthisise food from carbon dioxide and water

Tutoring

help me please

Answers

Answer:

helpppppppppppppppppppppppppp

Explanation:

What has metagenomic analysis allowed researchers to do for the first time?a. sample organisms from an environment and grow them under defined conditions in the labb. isolate organisms from an environment and sequence their entire genomec. study organisms that cannot be cultured (grown in the lab)d. identify important morphological differences among species

Answers

Metagenomics offers access to the functional gene composition of microbial communities and, as a result, provides a considerably more comprehensive description than phylogenetic surveys, which are frequently based solely on the diversity of one gene, such as the 16S rRNA gene.

What is the purpose of metagenomic analysis?Metagenomics on its own provides genetic details on conceivably unique biocatalysts or enzymes, genomic relationships between function and phylogeny for uncultured organisms, and evolutionary profiles of community function and structure. Metatranscriptomic or metaproteomic techniques can also be used in conjunction with it to define expressed activity. The amazing discovery of proteorhodopsin-based photoheterotrophy or ammonia-oxidizing Archaea witness to the fact that metagenomics is also a potent tool for developing innovative theories of microbial function.Sequence-based metagenomics development has been greatly expedited by the next-generation sequencing industry's quick and significant cost reduction.Metagenome shotgun sequencing databases have actually multiplied during the last few years. Metagenomics will soon be utilized to define microbial community profiles in a similar way to how 16S rRNA gene fingerprinting is currently done. As a result, it will soon become a common tool for many research facilities and academic institutions engaged in microbial ecology.

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Aume that a 100 bae pair DNA double helix contain 15 cytoine'. How many adenine are there?

Answers

In the DNA double helix, which has 100 base pairs and 85 adenines, there are 15 cytosines.

A DNA double helix contains 100 base pair thus total 200 nucleotide base pair out of that 15 base pair is of cytosine. In a DNA cytosine is equal to guanine thus, guanine nucleotide will be 15 total 30 nucelotide base

Now, 200 - 30= 170 base pair is of adenine and thymine. The adenine and thymine are equal thus , 170/2 = 85 base nucleotide of adenine and thymine.

DNA nucleotides:The DNA molecule is made up of two bases (or nucleotides) that contain nitrogen. Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) are the four bases of DNA (T). These bases come in particular pairs (A with T, and G with C).  

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Suppose an ice cube is dropped into a beaker of hot water. Eventually, the ice will melt and the hot water will cool. Which of the following statements best describes the water in the beaker?

A.
The water will reach thermal equilibrium.

B.
The water will not all be the same temperature.

C.
The warmer water will rise above the cooler water.

D.
The water will reach specific heat.

Answers

D the water will reach specific heat.

Label the diagram below with the following terms :photosynthesis, cellular respiration, h2o,o2,co2,atp,c6,h12,o6

Label the diagram below with the following terms :photosynthesis, cellular respiration, h2o,o2,co2,atp,c6,h12,o6

Answers

The diagram shown in the image shows the process of photosynthesis with its various components involved.

What is photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a biochemical process in which inorganic energy such as sunlight is converted into organic energy such as glucose molecules. The energy from this process will be stored in NADPH and ATP. This energy will also be used for the manufacture of sugar molecules together with the reduction of carbon dioxide molecules.

In our ecosystem they will be involved in these photoautotrophic processes such as plants, algae, cyanobacteria and red bacteria. For this reason, life on earth depends on solar energy.

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Label the diagram below with the following terms :photosynthesis, cellular respiration, h2o,o2,co2,atp,c6,h12,o6


Which indicates how evidence of climate change supports the theory of continental drift?




coalfields in several continents
volcano formation
giac al evidence found in South America
folded mountains in Africa and South America

Answers

Answer: Glacier evidence

Explanation:

I hope this helped you

Answer:

The answer is C.) on edge 2022. Glacial evidence.

Explanation:

Which of the following is not recycled in the ecosystem? A. Nitrogen B. Water C. Energy D. Oxygen

Answers

The correct answer is C. Energy.

In an ecosystem, matter and nutrients are recycled through various biogeochemical cycles, ensuring the availability and sustainability of essential elements. However, energy is not recycled in the same way as matter.

Energy flows through an ecosystem in a one-way direction. It enters the ecosystem from an external source, typically the Sun, and is captured by autotrophic organisms (such as plants) through photosynthesis. This captured energy is then transferred to heterotrophic organisms (such as animals) through food chains and food webs.

As energy flows through the ecosystem, it is continuously used and transformed by organisms for various metabolic processes, such as growth, movement, and reproduction. However, it is not recycled back into the ecosystem once it is used. Instead, it is dissipated as heat energy and lost from the ecosystem.

In contrast, the other options mentioned are actively recycled in the ecosystem:

A. Nitrogen: Nitrogen is an essential nutrient that cycles through the nitrogen cycle. It is taken up by plants from the soil, passed on to animals through consumption, and returned to the ecosystem through processes like decomposition and nitrogen fixation.

B. Water: Water is continuously recycled in the hydrological cycle. It evaporates from water bodies, condenses to form clouds, falls as precipitation, and returns to water bodies through runoff or infiltration.

D. Oxygen: Oxygen is produced by photosynthetic organisms during photosynthesis and is consumed by organisms during respiration. It is continuously cycled between the atmosphere, plants, and animals.

Therefore, while matter and nutrients such as nitrogen, water, and oxygen are actively recycled in the ecosystem, energy is not recycled and is instead lost as heat energy.

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Which of these are consumers in temperate broadleaf forests? (Select all that apply.)
A.foxes B.bears C.wolves D.tigers

Answers

Answer:

Its bears

aka b

Explanation:

answer: the bears

also B.

Explanation:

.....

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