What stresses must a welded joint withstand?

Answers

Answer 1

Welding is a metal-joining process that entails joining two or more metal parts by heating, with or without pressure or filler material, to create a joint that is capable of supporting a particular amount of stress.

The welded joint's strength and ability to withstand stress depend on a variety of factors, including the type of weld used, the material being welded, and the applied load. The stresses that a welded joint must withstand are tensile stress, shear stress, compressive stress, and bending stress. In the welding process, the weld's strength and ability to withstand these types of stress are influenced by a variety of variables.

Weld penetration, weld size, the type of welding used, the type of joint, and the material being welded are all examples of these variables. In order to avoid joint failure, it's crucial to determine the types of stress that a welded joint is most likely to face and make sure that the joint is designed and executed properly to withstand that type of stress.

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Related Questions

How does energy transition from one form to another as water moves from behind a dam to downstream of a dam?.

Answers


Answer:
potential energy changes to kinetic energy
Explanation:


What is the first test you should do when checking the charging system?

Answers

Answer:

Connect the test light in series with the negative post, and start pulling feed wires. The first to check is the heavy charging wire from the alternator. A bad or leaky diode in an alternator is a very common source of overnight battery drain. Connect wires one at a time to see what lead is drawing current.

A magician claims that he/she has invented a novel, super-fantastic heat engine. This engine operates between two reservoirs of temperatures 250 K and 750 K, respectively. Please verify and explain if this is possible for any of the following QH (heat received from the hot reservoir), QL (heat rejected to the cool reservoir), and W (mechanical work produced):
a. (3a). (3p) QH= 900 kJ, Wmech = 400 kJ, QL = 600 kJ.
b. (3b). (3p) Qu= 900 kJ, W mech = 400 kJ, QL = 500 kJ.
c. (3c). (3p) Qh= 900 kJ, Wmech = 600 kJ, QL = 300 kJ.
d. (3b). (3p) Qh= 900 kJ, Wmech = 800 kJ, QL = 100 kJ.

Answers

Answer:

A) Not possible, B) Posible, C) Possible, D) Not possible.

Explanation:

The maximum theoretical efficiency for any thermal engine is defined by Carnot's cycle, whose energy efficiency (\(\eta\)), no unit, is expressed below:

\(\eta = 1-\frac{T_{L}}{T_{H}}\) (1)

Where:

\(T_{L}\) - Cold reservoir temperature, in Kelvin.

\(T_{H}\) - Hot reservoir temperature, in Kelvin.

If we know that \(T_{L} = 250\,K\) and \(T_{H} = 750\,K\), then the maximum theoretical efficiency for the thermal engine is:

\(\eta = 1-\frac{T_{L}}{T_{H}}\)

\(\eta = 0.667\)

For real thermal engines, the following inequation is observed:

\(0 \le \eta_{r} \le \eta\) (2)

Where \(\eta_{r}\) is the efficiency of the real heat engine, no unit.

There are two possible criteria to determine if a given heat engine is real:

Efficiency

\(\eta_{r} = 1 - \frac{Q_{L}}{Q_{H}}\) (3)

Where:

\(Q_{L}\) - Heat rejected to the cold reservoir, in kilojoules.

\(Q_{H}\) - Heat received from the hot reservoir, in kilojoules.

Power output

\(W = Q_{H}-Q_{L}\) (4)

Where \(W\) is the power output, in kilojoules.

Now we proceed to verify each case:

A) \(Q_{H} = 900\,kJ\), \(Q_{L} = 600\,kJ\), \(W_{m} = 400\,kJ\)

\(\eta_{r} = 0.333\)

\(0 \le \eta_{r} \le \eta\)

\(W = 300\,kJ\)

\(W \ne W_{m}\)

This engine is not possible.

B) \(Q_{H} = 900\,kJ\), \(Q_{L} = 500\,kJ\), \(W_{m} = 400\,kJ\)

\(\eta_{r} = 0.444\)

\(0 \le \eta_{r} \le \eta\)

\(W = 400\,kJ\)

\(W = W_{m}\)

The engine is possible.

C) \(Q_{H} = 900\,kJ\), \(Q_{L} = 300\,kJ\), \(W_{m} = 600\,kJ\)

\(\eta_{r} = 0.667\)

\(0 \le \eta_{r} \le \eta\)

\(W = 600\,kJ\)

\(W = W_{m}\)

The engine is possible.

D) \(Q_{H} = 900\,kJ\), \(Q_{L} = 100\,kJ\), \(W_{m} = 800\,kJ\)

\(\eta_{r} = 0.889\)

\(\eta_{r} > \eta\)

\(W = 800\,kJ\)

\(W = W_{m}\)

The engine is possible.

with the aid of a diagram and examples explain the five components that are considered in an electric circuit​

Answers

Electric circuits consist of five key components - a source, conductor, load, switch, and ground.

How is this so?

These components   work together to allow the flow of energy in a circuit.

Examples of electric circuitsinclude those powering light bulbs, motors, and computers.

Each component plays a   crucial role in the circuit's functionality, and without any one of them,the circuit would not work.

Electric circuits are utilized   in numerous devices across various industries for a wide range of applications.

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with the aid of a diagram and examples explain the five components that are considered in an electric

Which of the following represents the sum of all numbers between 0 and 21 inclusively - None of these - Σ21 i=1 i + 1 - Σ10 i=1 i
- Σ21 i=1 i

Answers

Answer:

The sum of all numbers between 0 and 21 inclusively can be represented as Σ21 i=1 i, so the correct answer is: Σ21 i=1 i.

Explanation:

Select the correct text in the passage.
Identify which of the following sentences describes the working of a piezoelectric gauge.

Answers

It is habahi Yw with yuuuuuy I am a little more confused about

Answer:

The gauge converts the charge into a measurable electrical signal.

Explanation:

trust me

mechanical engineering Please describe how you have prepared for your intended major, including your readiness to succeed in your upper-division courses once you enroll at the university.

Answers

Aspiring for success in a chosen major such as Mechanical Engineering would require a strong will or zeal to pull through and succeed, which is an ideal psychological prerequisite to success.

Additionally, Mechanical Engineering is a mix of Mathematics and Physics, a good background knowledge of these subjects would go a long way to ease your journey as it will aid the ability to grasp new concept and applications.

Similarly, simulation and software packages related to Mechanical Engineering should be held in high esteem. This is because it will aid in understanding the practical aspect of the course and certainly yield good result.

Hence, the combination of practical and theoretical knowledge in basic subject coupled with determination should be enough to succeed.

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3.what information is typically provided on the grade stamp of visually graded lumber? explain, with the help of an example of a typical grade stamp.

Answers

The mill identification number must be included on a lumber grade stamp.

What is stamp-grade lumber?

A grade stamp on the lumber will be looked for when a building is inspected. The inspector can only identify the quality of the wood used in the structure based on this grade stamp. Given that all construction standards call for it, the grade stamp is very significant to building inspectors.

How is timber grade determined?

The quantity of transparent surface area on a board's side with the worst appearance determines its grade (with hardwoods one side will look better than the other). Long and wide, with a significant portion of its area defective, a higher grade board. -free

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Where is a clutch (bell) housing flange face most susceptible to wear at its mating surface with the flywheel housing?

Answers

The clutch housing flange face is most susceptible to wear at its mating surface with the flywheel housing due to constant contact and friction between the two surfaces. Over time, this can lead to surface damage, such as grooves or rough spots, which can cause problems with the proper functioning of the clutch and transmission.

In particular, the area around the dowel pins is especially prone to wear and damage, as this is where the majority of the force is concentrated during clutch engagement and disengagement. Additionally, if the clutch is not properly aligned with the flywheel housing, it can cause uneven wear and damage to the flange face.

To prevent excessive wear and damage to the clutch housing flange face, it is important to regularly inspect the clutch system for proper alignment and function, and to address any issues promptly. This may include replacing worn components, adjusting the clutch linkage, or realigning the clutch assembly with the flywheel housing.

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describe the typical ways of communicating technical information (such as sketches, test and inspection reports, work planning documents), and the amount of detail that should be included

Answers

Answer:

The most common and well known of these documents are memos and emails, which are used in every type of business. In addition to this, technical communicators also create instructions, product guides and documentation, graphs, charts, images, videos, and other forms of content.

There are many ways to communicate

technical information,

1. Planning sheet- describe the process - this

shows steps on how to make your drill drift-

telling us how us how to make it.

2.Drawings- this tells you the dimensions, size

of component/workpiece

Inspection sheets- check the measurements

are within given tolerances, this shows us

you've made it within those tolerances.

Instructions/ images of how to make your.

The component has an exponentially distributed reliability with a mean of 2000 hours what is the probability that it will fail after 3000 hours?

Answers

Answer:

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

Where would an engineer indicate the unit of measurement used in a design

Answers

An engineer would indicate the unit of measurement used in a design in millimeters.

What are measurements?

The primary unit of measurement is the stocking unit of measure for a given item in a specific organization. You must define an item attribute that serves as the primary unit of measurement when creating each item.

Because the technical drawings are scaled, engineers, architects, and builders may create the items according to exact specifications.

When understanding scales, the number on the left relates to the measurement of the drawing, while the number on the right represents the actual size of the object.

Therefore, a millimeter is used in a design.

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Which option justifies the choice made in the following scenario?

Eli is an environmental engineer. He has recently designed a printer. Instead of plastic, a nonrecyclable material, he has chosen to design the printer using types of metal. It is more costly, but he plans to set up a recycling program where parts from the printer can be reused in the production of future printers.

✔️The material he chose is renewable but will increase costs with his recycling program.
✔️The material he chose is nonrenewable but can be used in future products to reduce costs.
✔️The material he chose is nonrenewable and will increase costs with his recycling program.
✔️The material he chose is renewable and is much better for the environment.

Answers

The fact that Eli plans to set up a recycling program made him choose D. The material he chose is renewable and is much better for the environment.

What is recycling?

It should be noted that recycling simply means the process of collecting and processing materials that can be turned into another product.

Therefore, the material he chose is renewable and is much better for the environment and thus influenced his decision.

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According to Ref. 213/91, fire extinguishing equipment can be frozen True or False

Answers

False. Fire extinguishing equipment cannot be frozen according to Ref. 213/91.

According to Ref. 213/91, fire extinguishing equipment cannot be frozen. Fire extinguishers are essential safety devices designed to combat fires effectively. They contain pressurized agents that are specifically formulated to extinguish different types of fires. Freezing temperatures can significantly impair the functionality of fire extinguishers and render them ineffective in emergency situations.

When fire extinguishing equipment freezes, several issues can arise. First, the contents of the extinguisher may expand as they freeze, potentially leading to ruptures or leaks in the container. This can cause the extinguisher to malfunction or become hazardous when used. Second, freezing temperatures can affect the performance of the extinguishing agent itself. Certain agents, such as water-based solutions, can solidify or lose their effectiveness when exposed to extreme cold.

It is crucial to store fire extinguishers in suitable environments that are above freezing temperatures. This ensures that the equipment remains in optimal condition and is ready for immediate use during emergencies. Regular inspections and maintenance are also essential to identify any signs of damage or deterioration that may compromise the functionality of fire extinguishers.

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the parting line in injection molding is which one of the following: (a) the lines formed where polymer melt meets after flowing around a core in the mold, (b) the narrow gate sections where the parts are separated from the runner, (c) where the clamping unit is joined to the injection unit in the molding machine, or (d) where the two mold halves come together?

Answers

The parting line in injection molding is where the two mold halves come together

A parting line is a line that divides the cavity from the core of the mold. Similar ideas apply to separating surfaces. The core as well as the cavity of the mold block are separated by a surface known as the parting line.

In the injection molding process, the parting surface is just the mold surface that creates the separation between the two mold halves, and also the parting line is the line where the two mold halves meet.

The plastic parting line's goal is to enable the separation of the two mold halves just so the molded part could be ejected first by the ejector.

The molded part's look plus structural integrity are significantly influenced by the location of the splitting line flash.

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A cylindrical specimen of some metal alloy having an elastic modulus of 106 GPa and an original cross-sectional diameter of 3.9 mm will experience only elastic deformation when a tensile load of 1660 N is applied. Calculate the maximum length of the specimen before deformation if the maximum allowable elongation is 0.41 mm.

Answers

Answer:

L= 312.75 mm

Explanation:

given data

elastic modulus E = 106 GPa

cross-sectional diameter d = 3.9 mm

tensile load F = 1660 N

maximum allowable elongation ΔL = 0.41 mm

to find out

maximum length of the specimen before deformation

solution

we will apply here allowable elongation equation that is express as

ΔL =     \(\dfrac{FL}{AE}\)     ....................1

put here value and we get L

L   =    \(\dfrac{0.41\times 10^{-3}\times \dfrac{\pi}{4}\times (3.9\times 10^{-3})^2\times 106\times 10^9}{1660}\)

solve it we get

L = 0.312752 m

L= 312.75 mm

FILL IN THE BLANK. the statement ""current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance"" is know as _____ law.

Answers

Answer:

Ohm’s Law

Explanation:

Knowing that the central portion of the link BD has a uniform cross-sectional area of 800 2, determine the magnitude of the load P for which the normal stress in that portion of BD is 50 .

Answers

Answer: 50

Explanation:

: Explain why testing can only detect the presence of errors, not their absence?

Answers

Answer:

The goal of the software is to observe the software behavior to meet its requirement expectation. In software engineering, validating software might be harder since client's expectation may be vague or unclear.

Explanation:

(a) Show how two 2-to-1 multiplexers (with no added gates) could be connected to form a 3-to-1 MUX. Input selection should be as follows: If AB = 00, select I0 If AB = 01, select I1 If AB = 1− (B is a don’t-care), select I2 (b) Show how two 4-to-1 and one 2-to-1 multiplexers could be connected to form an 8-to-1 MUX with three control inputs. (c) Show how four 2-to-1 and one 4-to-1 multiplexers could be connected to form an 8-to-1 MUX with three control inputs

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

a) Show how two 2-to-1 multiplexers (with no added gates) could be connected to form a 3-to-1 MUX. Input selection should be as follows: If AB = 00, select I0 If AB = 01, select I1 If AB = 1− (B is a don’t-care), select I2

We are to show how Two-2-to -1 multiplexers could be connected to form 3-to-1 MUX

If AB = 00 select \(I_o\)

If AB = 01 select \(I_1\)

If AB = 1_(B is don't care), select \(I_2\)

However, the truth table is attached and shown in the first file below.

Also, the free- body diagram for 2- to - 1 MUX is shown in the second diagram attached below.

b) We are show how  two 4-to-1 and one 2-to-1 multiplexers could be connected to form an 8-to-1 MUX with three control inputs.

The perfect illustration showing how they are connected in displayed in the third free-body diagram attached below.

Where ; \(I_o , I_1, I_2, I_3, I_4, I_5, I_6, I_7\) are the inputs of the multiplexer and Z is the output.

c)  Show how four 2-to-1 and one 4-to-1 multiplexers could be connected to form an 8-to-1 MUX with three control inputs.

For  four 2-to-1 and one 4-to-1 multiplexers could be connected to form an 8-to-1 MUX with three control inputs, we have a perfect illustration of the diagram in the last( which is the fourth) diagram attached below.

Where ; \(I_o , I_1, I_2, I_3, I_4, I_5, I_6, I_7\) are the inputs of the multiplexer and Z is the output

(a) Show how two 2-to-1 multiplexers (with no added gates) could be connected to form a 3-to-1 MUX. Input
(a) Show how two 2-to-1 multiplexers (with no added gates) could be connected to form a 3-to-1 MUX. Input
(a) Show how two 2-to-1 multiplexers (with no added gates) could be connected to form a 3-to-1 MUX. Input
(a) Show how two 2-to-1 multiplexers (with no added gates) could be connected to form a 3-to-1 MUX. Input

This question is a multiplexer which is a topic in digital circuit.

Multiplexer is a type of combination circuit that consist of a maximum of \(2^n\) data inputs 'n' selection lines and single output line. One of these data inputs will be connected to the output based on the values of selection lines. Another name for multiplexers is MUX.

If we have 'n' selection lines, we will get \(2^n\) possible combinations zero and ones. Each combination will select a maximum of only one data input.

a)

Two 2-to-1 multiplexers to form a 3-to-1 MUX.

If AB = 00, select \(I_o\)

If AB = 01, select \(I_1\)

If AB = 1- (B is don't care) select I

The truth table for the above scenario is in the attached document below.

Figure 1 and 2 represents the solution to this question.

b).

Two 4-to-1 multiplexers and one 2-to-1 multiplexers and one 2-to-1 multiplexers are used to form an 8-to-1 MUX.

In the attached diagram, figure 3 shows a comprehensive detail of how it is structured.

Where \(I_o\) to \(I_7\) are the inputs of the multiplexer and Z is the output.

c) Four 2-to-1 multiplexers and one 4-to -1 multiplexer are used to form 8-to-1 MUX.

In the attached diagram, figure 4 shows how it is structured.

We would see that \(I_o\) to \(I_7\) are the inputs of the multiplexer and Z is the output in the system.

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(a) Show how two 2-to-1 multiplexers (with no added gates) could be connected to form a 3-to-1 MUX. Input
(a) Show how two 2-to-1 multiplexers (with no added gates) could be connected to form a 3-to-1 MUX. Input
(a) Show how two 2-to-1 multiplexers (with no added gates) could be connected to form a 3-to-1 MUX. Input
(a) Show how two 2-to-1 multiplexers (with no added gates) could be connected to form a 3-to-1 MUX. Input

After spotting a vehicle on a lift, what should you do next?

Answers

The vehicle should be raised slightly and checked for stability. :D

After spotting a vehicle on a lift, the next thing to do is:

B) Raise the vehicle slightly and check it for stability. Hence option B is true.

Given that;

Here spotting a vehicle on a lift.

Now, When spotting a vehicle on a lift, the next step would be to ensure safety and proper procedures.

Before raising the vehicle fully, it's important to raise it slightly to check if it is stable and secure on the lift.

This step helps prevent any accidents or damage that could occur if the vehicle is not properly positioned or supported.

Once you have confirmed the stability, you can proceed with raising the vehicle further and begin your work.

Hence option B is true.

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The complete question is,

After spotting a vehicle on a lift, what should you do next?

A) Raise the vehicle and get to work

B) Raise the vehicle slightly and check it for stability.

C) Make sure your service bay is free of tools and equipment

D) Make sure you haven't exceeded the lift capacity

The minimum fresh air requirement of a residential building is specified to be 0.35 air changes per hour (ASHRAE, Standard 62, 1989). That is, 35 percent of the entire air contained in a residence should be replaced by fresh outdoor air every hour. If the ventilation requirement of a 2.7-m-high, 200-m2 residence is to be met entirely by a fan, determine the flow capacity in L/min of the fan

Answers

Answer:

3150 L/min

Explanation:

The volume of the room is the product of the height of the room and its area. It is given as:

Volume (V) = height (h) × Area (A)

V = h × A

Height = 2.7 m, Area = 200 m². Hence:

V = h × A = 2.7 × 200 = 540 m³

The flow capacity (\(\dot {V}\)) is given by

\(\dot {V}=ACH*Volume\ of\ room\)

ACH = air changes per hour = 0.35

\(\dot {V}=ACH*Volume\ of\ room\\\\\dot {V}=0.35*540\\\\\dot {V}=189\ m^3/h\)

But 1 m³ = 1000 L, 1 hr = 60 min

\(\dot{V}=189\ m^3/h=\frac{189\ m^3*\frac{1000\ L}{1\ m^3} }{1\ h*\frac{60\ min}{1\ h} } =3150\ L/min\\\\\dot{V}=3150 \ L/min\)

WHAT DO U MEAN WHEN YOU SAY "V8" ENGINE ???​

Answers

A V8 engine is called that because it is an EIGHT cylinder-piston engine in which the cylinders are arranged in a “V” shape. It is a common engine for large automobiles

Answer:

“A V6 engine is a 6 cylinder engine while a V8 has 8 cylinders. The choice between a V6 and V8 will come down to the power and performance you want from your car.”

When buying a car, there are some things that you need to consider but can be deemed confusing. The V6 versus V8 engine is one of them, and knowing the differences and advantages can be helpful when you are trying to make a purchasing decision.   

 

Simply put, a V6 is a 6-cylinder engine. Whereas, a V8 means an 8-cylinder engine. But, you may wonder what the ‘V’ means in V6 and V8. The ‘V’ represents the way cylinders are arranged in your engine. V-type engines have cylinders placed in a V-like shape, or to put it the other way, in two equal rows. This design is commonly used since it requires less space and can fit in most cars. 

which term represents a measurement of how well a wireless device is connecting to other devices?

Answers

Signal strength is a measurement of wireless connectivity.

What is the indicator of wireless device connection quality?

Signal strength is a term used to measure how well a wireless device is connecting to other devices. It refers to the level of power or intensity of the radio frequency signal that is transmitted and received by the device. A strong signal strength indicates a robust and reliable connection, while a weak signal strength suggests a poorer connection quality.

When a wireless device is connected to a network or communicating with other devices, the signal strength is an essential factor in determining the overall performance and reliability of the connection. It is influenced by various factors such as distance from the access point or router, physical obstacles like walls or interference from other devices operating on the same frequency.

Maintaining a strong signal strength is crucial for uninterrupted and efficient wireless communication. If the signal strength is weak, it can result in slower data transfer rates, dropped connections, or limited coverage area. Signal strength is typically represented by a signal strength indicator or bars on a device's interface, helping users assess the quality of their wireless connection.

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The thermal efficiency of a standard otto cycle for a compression ratio of 5. 5 will be.

Answers

The thermal efficiency of the standard Otto cycle with a compression ratio of 5.5 will be approximately 0.494 or 49.4%.

The thermal efficiency of a standard Otto cycle can be calculated using the compression ratio (r). The thermal efficiency (η) is given by the equation:

η = \(1 - (1 / r^{(y-1)})\)

γ is the specific heat ratio or the ratio of specific heats for the working fluid.

Assuming a specific heat ratio (γ) of approximately 1.4 for air (which is commonly used as the working fluid in Otto cycles), and a compression ratio (r) of 5.5, we can substitute these values into the equation to find the thermal efficiency.

η = \(1 - (1 / 5.5^{1.4-1})\)

\(= 1 - (1 / 5.5^{0.4})\)

= 0.494

Therefore, the thermal efficiency is 0.494 or 49.4%.

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Write an algorithm and flowchart that accepts two integers from the user and calculatethe product of the two integers.

Answers

Answer:

Algorithm

Step 1: Start

Step 2: Ask user to input two integers x and y

Step 3: Calculate the product of the two integers (product = x*y)

Step 4: Print the product

Step 5: End

Flowchart

[Start]

→ [Prompt User for x and y]

→ [Calculate product = x*y]

→ [Print product]

→ [End]

Algorithm-

Step 1 - Start

Step 2 - Ask the user to input two integer eg: p and q

Step 3 - Calculate product of the integers (the integers are p and q)

Step 4 - Print the product

Step 5 - End

Which characteristic would atoms of a ferromagnetic material have?A. A lack of electrons B. North and south poles C. A temporary magnetic field D. The ability to attract nonmagnetic materials

Answers

Answer:

Option B

Explanation:

Atoms of ferromagnetic materials have north and south pole but these atoms are oriented in random directions due to which they do no exhibit magnetic properties until unless they are brought into influence of any external temporary or permanent magnetic field.

Under the influence of external magnetic force, the atoms of the ferromagnetic material get oriented in a particular direction.

Hence, option B is correct

x[n] is a sampled signal from a sinusoid signal xt=sin(Ωt) with a period T= 18 seconds. The interval in time between samples is Tsample= 10 seconds/sample, what the value of x[2]?

Answers

Required value of interval x[2]= sin(4π / 9)

We have a sampled signal, x[n] from a sinusoidal signal xt=sin(Ωt) with a period T=18 seconds.

The time interval between samples is T_sample 10 seconds/sample and we want to calculate the value of x[2].

Mathematically, the relation between continuous-time and discrete-time signals is given by: x[n] = x(nT_sample)where T_sample is the sampling interval.

In this problem, we have T_sample = 10 seconds/sample.

Hence, the relation between the continuous-time sinusoidal signal xt and the discrete-time signal x[n] can be written as: x[n] = x(nT_sample) = x(n*10) = sin(Ω*n*T_sample) = sin(Ω*n*10)

Also, we know that the period of the continuous-time signal is T=18 seconds.

Hence, we can write Ω as: Ω=2π/T=2π/18

The value of x[2] is:x[2] = sin(Ω*2*10) = sin(Ω * 20)x[2] = sin(2π/18*20)x[2] = sin(20π/18)

Using the fact that sin(θ) = sin(θ+2πk), we can write:x[2] = sin(20π/18) = sin(20π/18+2π) = sin(20π/18-2π) = sin(8π/18) = sin(4π/9)

Hence, the value of x[2] is sin(4π / 9).

Therefore, the answer is: x[2] = sin(4π / 9).

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2..Three formations, each 25 m thick, overlie one another. If a constant-velocity vertical flow field is set up across the set of formations with h = 120 m at the top and h = 100 m at the bottom, calculate h at the two internal boundaries. The hydraulic conductivity of the top formation is 0.0001 m/s, the middle formation 0.0005 m/s, and the bottom formation 0.0010 m/s.

Answers

The values of h at the two internal boundaries are :

h₁ = 104.625 m h₂ = 101.55 m

Given data :

Z₁ = Z₂ = Z₃ = 25 m

h top = 120 m

h bottom = 100 m

K₁ = 0.0001 m/s

K₂ = 0.0005 m/s

K₃ = 0.0010 m/s

First step : Calculate the value of Keq

we will apply the formula below since flow is perpendicular to the bedding plane

Keq = \(\frac{Z1 + Z2 + Z3 }{\frac{Z1}{K1}+\frac{Z2}{K2} + \frac{Z3}{K3} }\)  ----- ( 1 )

Insert values given above into equation 1

Therefore ; Keq = 2.307 * 10⁻⁴ m/s

Next step : determine the hydraulic gradient

Hydraulic gradient ( Ieq ) = head loss / length

                                          = ( 120 - 100 ) / 3 * 25

                                   Ieq  = 0.266

Given that the flow is perpendicular to bedding plane

q1 = q2 = q3

V₁ = V₂ = V₃ = V

K₁i₁ = K₂i₂ = K₃i₃ = Keq * ieq

Hence :

V = Keq* Ieq

   = 2.307 * 10⁻⁴ * 0.266

   = 6.15 * 10⁻⁵ m/s .

Also;

K₁i₁ =  Keq * ieq = K₂i₂ = K₃i₃

therefore :

  i₁ = 0.615

  i₂ =  0.123

  i₃ = 0.0615

Final step : determine the value of h at the two internal boundaries

Pressure at point 1 ( i.e. pressure between first two formations )

h₁ = h top - i₁L₁

   = 120 - 0.615 * 25

   = 104.625 m

Pressure at point 2 ( i.e. pressure between the 2nd and 3rd formation )

h₂ = h₁ - i₂L₂

    = 104.625 - 0.123 * 25

    = 101.55 m

Therefore we can conclude that The values of h at the two internal boundaries are :  h₁ = 104.625 m , h₂ = 101.55 m

Learn more about boundary calculations : https://brainly.com/question/1287095

All of the following are instruments involved in changing a tire EXCEPT:

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