Which part of the sepal of a flower is most damaged by air pollution

Answers

Answer 1

The abaxial (lower) surface of the sepal is typically more damaged than the adaxial (upper) surface, as it is more exposed to pollutants in the air.

Air pollution
can damage the sepal of a flower in various ways. Pollutants in the air can reduce the size and number of stomata, which are small pores that allow for gas exchange in the leaf tissue.

The concentration of minerals in the tissue can also be altered by pollution, which can affect plant growth and development. Additionally, air pollution can cause the cuticle, a waxy layer that covers the leaf surface, to become thicker. This can further restrict gas exchange and reduce photosynthesis.

Studies have shown that the abaxial surface of the sepal is typically more damaged by pollution than the adaxial surface. This is likely due to the fact that the abaxial surface is more exposed to pollutants in the air.

The stomata on the abaxial surface may close or become blocked due to the accumulation of pollutants, which can lead to reduced gas exchange and decreased photosynthesis. The thickening of the cuticle on the abaxial surface can further restrict gas exchange and exacerbate the effects of pollution.

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Related Questions

During winter in cold climates, salt is often used on roads to prevent the buildup of slippery ice. Although salt may make driving safer, it can cause the metallic parts of cars to corrode or rust relatively quickly. In a few sentences, please explain what is occurring.

Answers

Answer:

this is because the salt may be acidic and also may have oxygen substituent which can lead to rust

During cold winters, the salt present on the roads reacts with the iron and the dew water and results in the formation of the iron oxide as rust.

What is rust?

The rust has been given as the iron oxide compound, that has been formed with the reaction of the water with the iron in the presence of oxygen.

In the winters, there has been the presence of the water in the salt, and the interaction of the salt with the iron to form the iron oxide that is rust.

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2 of 3
5. The mesosphere is found at 50 to 85 km above Earth's surface. (5 points)

Answers

Answer:

Mesosphere. This layer extends from around 31 miles (50 km) above the Earth's surface to 53 miles (85 km). The gases, including the oxygen molecules, continue to become denser as one descends. As such, temperatures increase as one descends rising to about 5°F (-15°C) near the bottom of this layer.

Explanation:

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provide the structure of the tripeptide glu-ser-ala at ph 12.

Answers

The structure of the tripeptide Glu-Ser-Ala at pH 12 can be represented as follows:

H_(2)N - Glu - Ser - Ala - COOH

In the structure, H_(2)N represents the amino terminus (N-terminus) with a free amine group, and COOH represents the carboxyl terminus (C-terminus) with a free carboxyl group.

Glu represents the amino acid glutamic acid, which has a carboxyl group (COOH) and a side chain containing a carboxyl group and an amino group.

Ser represents the amino acid serine, which has a hydroxyl group (OH) in its side chain.

Ala represents the amino acid alanine, which has a methyl group (CH_(3)) in its side chain.

Please note that at pH 12, the Glu residue will be negatively charged due to the deprotonation of its carboxyl group, and the Ser and Ala residues will be in their neutral forms. The peptide bond between each amino acid is formed through a condensation reaction, with the loss of a water molecule.

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provide the structure of the tripeptide glu-ser-ala at ph 12.

Answer fast its time
Question 1 (2 points)
Which of the following statements is correct?

a)The solvent in sea water is salt.
b)A solute dissolves in a solvent to make up a solution
c)A solute dissolves in a solution to make up a solvent.
d)A solution dissolves in a solvent to make up a solute.

Answers

The only correct statement among the options as they are listed is that; A solute dissolves in a solvent to make up a solution (Option B)

What is a solution?

A solution is composed of a solute and a solvent. The solute is the solid that is dissolved in the solvent while the solvent is the medium in which the solid is dissolved.

Given that the solute can be a solid, liquid or gas, a solution could be homo--genous or het--erogenous as the case may be.

Thus, the only correct statement among the options as they are listed is that; A solute dissolves in a solvent to make up a solution (Option B)

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Why does it seem that the sun is rising and setting in the sky?

Answers

Answer:

Because of the earths rotation

Explanation:

But it appears to rise and set because of the Earth's rotation on its axis. It makes one complete turn every 24 hours. ... As the Earth rotates toward the east, it looks like the sun is moving west. As the Earth rotates, different locations on Earth pass through the sun's light.

Answer:

When the earth is rotating, it is rotating away and towards the sun which is why we have day and night

Explanation:

The volume and amount of aflium gas remains constant.
Under these conditions, aflium gas has an initial pressure of
635 torr when it is at 67.0°C. What is the new temperature if
the pressure drops to 250 torr?

Answers

Answer:

133.85 K

Explanation:

Initial pressure, P₁ = 635 torr

Initial temperature, T₁ = 67.0°C = 340 K

Final pressure, P₂ = 250 torr

We need to find the new temperature. The relation between temperature and pressure is given by :

\(\dfrac{P_1}{T_1}=\dfrac{P_2}{T_2}\\\\T_2=\dfrac{P_2T_1}{P_1}\\\\T_2=\dfrac{250\times 340}{635}\\\\T_2=133.85\ K\)

So, the new temperature is equal to 133.85 K.

what mass of aluminium is required to produce 500g of aluminium chloride?

2Al + 3Cl₂ --> 2AlCl₃

Answers

Answer:

101.18 grams

Explanation:

From the equation you can see that the same number of MOLES will be required as MOLES of aluminum chloride produced.

Mole weight of aluminum chloride = 26.981 + 3 * 35.45 = 133.331 gm

     500 gms of this is then    500 / 133.331 = 3.75 moles

So you need 3.75 moles of aluminum

    3.75 moles * 26.981 g/mole = 101.18 grams of Al

101.07 grams of aluminum (Al) are required to produce 500 grams of aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) according to the given chemical equation.

Mass is a fundamental physical property of matter that represents the amount of substance contained in an object. It is a measure of the total amount of matter or material in an object, and it is typically measured in units such as grams (g) or kilograms (kg).

Molar mass, also known as molecular mass or formula mass, is the mass of one mole of a chemical substance. It is usually expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). Molar mass is a fundamental concept in chemistry that allows scientists to relate the mass of a substance to the number of moles it contains.

The balanced chemical equation is:

2Al + 3Cl₂ → 2AlCl₃

From the balanced equation, 2 moles of aluminum (Al) react with 3 moles of chlorine gas (Cl₂) to produce 2 moles of aluminum chloride (AlCl₃).

Molar mass of Al = 26.98 g/mol

Molar mass of Cl = 35.45 g/mol

Molar mass of AlCl₃ = 2 × (26.98 g/mol) + 3 × (35.45 g/mol)

= 133.34 g/mol

moles of AlCl₃ = mass / molar mass

moles of AlCl₃ = 500 g / 133.34 g/mol

= 3.749 moles

In the reaction, 2 moles of Al react to produce 2 moles of AlCl₃.

Therefore, moles of Al = moles of AlCl₃

moles of Al = 3.749 moles

Step 4: Calculate the mass of Al required:

mass of Al = moles of Al × molar mass of Al

mass of Al = 3.749 moles × 26.98 g/mol

= 101.07 g

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What is the outer part (B) of an atom called?

Answers

Answer:

B is the outer part atom .

The outermost regions of the atom are called electron shells and contain the electrons (negatively charged). The atoms have different properties based on the arrangement and number of their basic particles.SO the hydrogen atom (H) contains only one proton, one electron, and no neutrons

Explanation:

Express the answers to these problems in the correct number of
significant figures.
6. 0.042 m. + 1.33 m =
7. 8.90 g - 4.555 g =
8. 60.0 L/5 L =
9.
7.8 cm x 3.5 cm =
10.
5.63 +4.245 - 8.9 =

Answers

Answer:

I solved the questions then counted how many significant figures in each answer

eg,

0.042m+1.33m =1.372m

1.372 has 4 significant figures

that's how you do others

Explanation:

6. 1.372m = 4 significant figures

7. 4.345g = 4 significant figures

8. 12L = 2 significant figures

9. 27.3cm = 3 significant figures

10. 0.975 = 3 significant figures

An experiment requires a solution of 60 % ethanol by volume. What volume of alcohol should be added to make a 200 mL of this solution?​

Answers

Answer: 120 mL of ethanol must be added.

Explanation:

We are given:

60% ethanol by volume

This means that 60 mL of ethanol is present in 100 mL of solution

Given volume of solution = 200 mL

Applying unitary method:

If 100 mL of solution contains 60 mL of ethanol

So, 200 mL of solution will contain = \(\frac{60}{100}\times 200=120mL\) of ethanol

Hence, 120 mL of ethanol must be added.

How many moles of PbCl2 are
produced when 16 moles AlCl3 are
consumed?
3Pb(NO3)2 + 2AICI3 → 3PbCl2 + 2Al(NO3)3
?] mol PbCl₂

Answers

24 moles of \(PbCl_2\) are created when 16 moles of \(AlCl_3\) are used up.

According to the balanced chemical equation, 2 moles of \(AlCl_3\) are required to produce 3 moles of \(PbCl_2\). Therefore, if 16 moles of \(AlCl_3\) are consumed, the amount of \(PbCl_2\) produced would be:
(16 mol \(AlCl_3\)) x (3 mol \(PbCl_2\) / 2 mol \(AlCl_3\)) = 24 mol \(PbCl_2\)

Therefore, 24 moles of \(PbCl_2\) are produced when 16 moles of \(AlCl_3\) are consumed.
Using the balanced chemical equation, we can determine the amount of \(PbCl_2\) produced when 16 moles of \(AlCl_3\) are consumed:

3Pb(NO3)2 + 2 \(AlCl_3\) → 3PbCl2 + 2Al(NO3)3

From the equation, we see that 2 moles of AlCl3 produce 3 moles of \(PbCl_2\). To find the amount of \(PbCl_2\) produced by 16 moles of \(AlCl_3\), set up a proportion:

(3 moles \(PbCl_2\)) / (2 moles \(AlCl_3\)) = (x moles \(PbCl_2\)) / (16 moles \(AlCl_3\))
Cross-multiply and solve for x:

(3 moles \(PbCl_2\))(16 moles \(AlCl_3\)) = (2 moles \(AlCl_3\))(x moles \(PbCl_2\))
48 moles \(PbCl_2\) = 32 moles \(AlCl_3\) = 24 moles PbCl2
So, when 16 moles of \(AlCl_3\) are consumed, 24 moles of \(PbCl_2\) are produced.

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which conditions generally cause the characteristics of a gas deviate most from the ideal gas laws

Answers

Answer: Low temperature high pressure

Explanation: i’m literally doing the same quiz right now

How many moles of gas is contained in 2.21 L at STP?​

Answers

Answer:

its an helium gas are contained in a 4.0L at STP? 0.17

Explanation:

because the elements in column 2.21 is what quantity of gas in holes

110 A common liquid contains 11.19% hydrogen
and 88.81% oxygen by mass.
a) Calculate the number of moles of hydro-
gen atoms and oxygen atoms in 100.0 g of
this liquid.

Answers

Explanation:

number of moles =

\( \frac{given \: mass}{molar \: mass} \)

thus, number of moles of hydrogen= 11.91/1=> 11.91

number of moles of oxygen= 88.81/32 = 2.77

=> 2.77

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hi, pls can someone answerI'll give brainliest

Answers

D is the answer so now we can understand

Answer:

to my understanding D iz da answer

Explanation:

let hope dat it will help u

CAN SOMEONE PLEASE ANSWER THIS FAST PLEASE!
How many moles of ammonia (NH3) can be produced from the reaction of 4.0 liters of hydrogen at 50.0°C and 1.2atm of pressure with excess nitrogen?

Answers

Answer: Therefore, approximately 0.1247 moles of ammonia can be produced from the given reaction.

Explanation:

To determine the number of moles of ammonia (NH3) produced from the given reaction, we need to use the ideal gas law and stoichiometry.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2) to form ammonia (NH3) is:

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

From the equation, we can see that three moles of hydrogen react with one mole of nitrogen to produce two moles of ammonia.

First, let's convert the given conditions of hydrogen to the appropriate units for the ideal gas law:

Volume of hydrogen = 4.0 liters

Temperature of hydrogen = 50.0°C = 50.0 + 273.15 = 323.15 K

Pressure of hydrogen = 1.2 atm

Now, let's calculate the number of moles of hydrogen using the ideal gas law equation:

PV = nRT

where:

P = pressure (in atm)

V = volume (in liters)

n = number of moles

R = gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K))

T = temperature (in Kelvin)

n(H2) = PV / RT

n(H2) = (1.2 atm) * (4.0 L) / (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) * 323.15 K)

≈ 0.187 mol

Since the stoichiometry ratio is 3:2 (H2:NH3), we can conclude that 0.187 moles of hydrogen can produce (0.187/3) * 2 = 0.1247 moles of ammonia.

When sand and water are mixed in a beaker, the sand is mixed into the water. However, if you stop stirring, the sand will settle down to the bottom. This mixture is a

a
solution
b
suspension
c
colloid
d
solute

Answers

the answer is b) suspension

which of the following lists show the elements in order, from those having the least protons to those having the most protons in the atoms?

A. K, Mg, N, O
B. C, Al, P, Cl
C. Li, Be, H, He
D. Na, Ne, He, H​

which of the following lists show the elements in order, from those having the least protons to those

Answers

Answer is b, trust. :)

The elements that have least protons to those having the most protons in the atoms are:

B. C, Al, P, Cl

Protons in an atom:

There is an equal number of protons and electrons in an atom. So when moving across a period in a periodic table the number of electrons increases which also shows the increases in a number of protons. So as the atomic number increases, the number of protons and electrons also increases.

Thus, the order of elements having least to greatest protons are:

C, Al, P, Cl

C has 6 atomic number, Aluminium has 13 atomic number , Phosphorus has 14 atomic number and atomic number of chlorine is 17.

Thus, option B is correct.

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What is the structural formula of 4-methyl pentan-2-ol​

Answers

The 4-methyl pentane-2-ol (\(C_6H_{14}O\)) is an alcohol compound with a methyl group attached to the fourth carbon atom and a hydroxyl group attached to the second carbon atom in a five-carbon chain.

The structural formula of 4-methyl pentane-2-ol is \(C_6H_{14}O\). This is an alcohol compound with six carbon atoms, fourteen hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. The first part of the name, 4-methyl, indicates that there is a methyl group (\(CH_3\)) attached to the fourth carbon atom in the chain. Pentan-2-ol tells us that there are five carbon atoms in the chain and that the hydroxyl group (OH) is attached to the second carbon atom. Therefore, the structural formula of 4-methyl pentane-2-ol can be written as \(CH_3CH(CH_3)CH(CH_2OH)CH_2CH_3\). This can be further simplified as \(CH_3CH(CH_3)CH(CH_2OH)CH_2CH_3\)which represents the complete structural formula of 4-methyl pentan-2-ol.4-methyl pentane-2-oil is an organic compound with a wide range of applications, including as a solvent, in the manufacture of cosmetics and perfumes, and as a flavoring agent in food and beverages. Its unique structure and properties make it a valuable component in various chemical and industrial processes.

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Calculate the number of grams of sulfuric acid in 1 gallon of battery acid if the solution has a density of 1.31 g/ml and is 38.5 % sulfuric acid by mass.

Answers

Using the density, the mass of sulfuric acid is 2292.82 grams.

We need to know about the density to solve this problem. Density is a unit that measures how dense an object is. Density can be measured by dividing mass by volume. It can be written as

ρ = m / V

where ρ is density, m is mass and V is volume

From the question above, we know that

ρ = 1.31 g/mL

V = 1 gallon = 4546.09 mL

% sulfuric acid = 38.5%

By substituting the following parameters, we get total mass

ρ = m / V

m = ρ .V

m = 1.31 . 4546.09

m = 5955.38 grams

Find the sulfuric acid mass

ms = %sulfuric acid x m

ms = 38.5% x 5955.38

ms = 2292.82 grams

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Select six different types of energy. physical light chemical mechanical atomic electrical mental heat

Answers

Answer:

Mechanical energy is energy that results from movement or the location of an object. Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy.

Explanation:

Nuclear energy is energy resulting from changes in the atomic nuclei or from nuclear reactions.

Example: Nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, and nuclear decay are examples of nuclear energy. An atomic detonation or power from a nuclear plant are specific examples of this type of energy.

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Question: Aluminum is an element. Which best describes what makes up a sample of aluminum? one kind of atom two different kinds of atoms all carbon-based atoms a carbon atom and non-carbon atoms

Answers

Answer:

The answer to this is A. One kind of atom

Explanation:

The other options make no sense whatsoever. But enjoy.

I hope this helped.

Answer:

A. One kind of atom

Explanation:

define noble gases ? ​

Answers

Answer:

The noble gases are the chemical elements in group 18 of the periodic table. They are the most stable due to having the maximum number of valence electrons their outer shell can hold. Therefore they rarely react with other elements since they are already stable

propose one chem 212 reaction that may be made more efficient using mw heating

Answers

By utilizing microwave heating in the Fischer esterification reaction, researchers can achieve shorter reaction times, higher yields, and improved reaction efficiency compared to traditional heating methods.

What is heating methods?

Heating” is a traditional technique known to humanity. It has been everchanging the way we live. There are an innumerable ways in which we have been generating heat and using the heat to do work. One of the key applications of “heat” has been the Industrial Process Applications.

One reaction that may be made more efficient using microwave (MW) heating is the synthesis of esters through the Fischer esterification reaction.

In the Fischer esterification, an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst to form an ester. The traditional heating method for this reaction involves refluxing the reaction mixture for several hours to achieve reasonable yields.

Using microwave heating in the Fischer esterification reaction can significantly reduce the reaction time and increase the reaction efficiency. MW heating provides rapid and efficient heating by directly transferring energy to the reactants, resulting in faster reaction rates and higher yields.

The MW heating method allows for more precise temperature control and selective heating of the reaction mixture. It can also promote better mixing and faster mass transfer, which enhances the reaction kinetics and reduces the formation of undesired by-products.

Overall, by utilizing microwave heating in the Fischer esterification reaction, researchers can achieve shorter reaction times, higher yields, and improved reaction efficiency compared to traditional heating methods.

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What ion does sodium (Na) form

Answers

Probably ion with a positive 1 charge.

Explained briefly

will an electron and a proton attract or repel one another? how about two electrons?

Answers

Electron and proton attract each other.

Two electrons will repel each other.

An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle that can be either sure to an atom or free (no longer certain). An electron this is certain to an atom is one of the three primary varieties of particles inside the atom -- the other  are protons and neutrons. collectively, electrons, protons and neutrons shape an atom's nucleus.

A proton is a subatomic particle observed inside the nucleus of each atom. The particle has a positive electric price, same and opposite to that of the electron. If remoted, a single proton could have a mass of best 1.673 ? 10-27 kilogram, simply barely much less than the mass of a neutron.

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Given the equation:
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
How many moles of HCl would be required to
produce a total of 2 moles of H2?

Answers

Answer:

4 moles of HCl will be required to produce 2 moles of H2.

Explanation:

A balanced chemical equation gives the stoichiometric ration of moles of reactants required to produce a certain number of moles of products. The ratio of moles of reactants to moles of products is known as the mole ratio and is constant for a given chemical reaction.

In the given balanced equation of reaction shown below:

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

The mole ratio of HCl and H2 is 2:1. This means that in this reaction between Zinc metal and hydrochoric acid to produc zinc chloride and hydrogen gas, every two moles of hydrochloric acid used in the reaction will result in the production of one mole of hydrogen gas.

Therefore for two moles of H2 to be obtained from the reaction, twice the number of moles of HCl is required.

Moles of HCl required = 2 × 2 moles = 4 moles of HCl.

Use the information from the article to answer the question. why is pluto now called a dwarf planet?

Answers

Answer:

coz it doesn't meet the three criteria the iau uses to define a full sized planet

Explanation:

it meet all other except one :has no cleared its neighboring region of other object

Draw a basic atom (Bohr model showing me where everything is located in the above chart).

Charge
Location
Size/Mass

Protons






Electrons






Neutrons

Answers

Answer:

thhe anwer is d

Explanation:

the answer is d just took the quiz got 100 on edge 2022

You use 50.00 mL of a 12.0 M solution of HCl solution to make a 500.00 mL solution. What is the concentration of the new solution? *

Answers

Answer:

1.2 M

Explanation:

If you use the dilution equation (M1V1=M2V2), you end up with (50)(12)=(500)(M2), and when you solve for M2 you get 1.2 M.

Other Questions
Education is the first and foremost condition of development. Do you agree or disagree?Give as many reasons as you can in support of your answer. Read these sentences from paragraph 8..Hither have they ned, not from the render embraces of the mother out from the cruelty of the monster, and it is so for true of England, that the same tyronny which drove the best emigrants from home pursues their descendants stillThe author uses emotional appeal in these sentences to A inspire spiritual reflectionB curb the passions of extremistsC incite the anger of the colonistsD encourage a critical analysis of the situation A national debt if it is not excessive will be to us a national blessing: it will be a powerful cement of our union. -Alexander Hamilton, 1781 Hamilton's bias in favor of a national debt is shown in the quote above by the following-what did Hamilton mean in his quote?? Intentional discrimination, also called ________, deliberately puts the target person at an unfair disadvantage. express 1 as a percent The Fed Funds rate is important since, among other reasons,A. it is the cost a bank charges a large corporation to insure the corporation against default risk.B. it is what banks charge each other for overnight loans so that banks can meet their reserve requirementC. it is the rate that determines what percentage a company pays in its quarterly dividendD. it is the rate a consumer pays to the bank in order to obtain a loan for personal or business reasons c = a + b. This is the formula for the length of the hypotenuse c of a right triangle. Solve this formula for a. a magnesium ion has 12 protons and a charge of 2 . how many electrons does it contain? i tng nghin cu ca nhn hc vn ho ?(khong 2 trang) Giada is sad and melancholy much of the time, and has felt that way for several years. Her symptoms are milder than major depressive disorder, so she likely has ________. An aircraft has an airspeed of 275 km/h, and flies on a bearing of 295. The wind is blowing at a speed of 225 km/h from West to East. What is the head wind and what is the cross wind? a sphere has a volume of 2304pi mm^. find the diameter of the sphere You are the manager at an amusement park. The park's maximum capacity is 4500 people. You have also worked out that there needs to be 2800 people in the park to make a profit after all the overhead costs and employee pay. If people are entering the park at a rate of 12 people a minute and there are 850 people in the park currently, between how many minutes should the door stay open to let guests in? A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of fibromyalgia. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? How did the articles of confederation structure the new national government? in a typical salmon population, a spawning pair produces 3,000 eggs. how many fish swim to the ocean, survive to maturity, travel back to their native stream and reproduce? Enter the correct answer in the box. Write your answer in the form y - mx + b, using the appropriate inequality symbol in place ofthe equal sign.What inequality is shown in the graph? An investment will pay $20,000 at the end of the first year, $30,000 at the end of the second year, and $50,000 at the end of the third year. Determine the present value of this investment using a 10% annual interest rate. The term "Northern Renaissance" refers to cultural changes that took place in what is todayA)northern Italy, Switzerland, and Austria.B) Belgium, the Netherlands. Luxembourg, and Germany.C) Great Britain, Ireland, and France.D) Norway, Sweden, and Finland. The price on the price sheet of a new car contains the bottom line what is another name for this cost?