Why do enzymes break down substrates?
Answers
Answer:
Enzymes have an activation site that fits a substrate. when the substrate is attached to the enzyme, the enzyme acts as a catalyst and breaks the substrate apart or binds it together. denaturing occurs when the control changes the enzymes shape.
Explanation:
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Related Questions
Which of the following is false regarding viruses?
A) Most viruses are much smaller than bacteria.
B) Viruses do not contain any nucleic acids.
C) Viruses infect all types of life forms on Earth.
D) Viruses multiply several ways but always in a host.
Answers
Answer:
B)Viruses do not contain any nucleic acids
Where should you see the capsule when observing cells stained with a capsule stain? a. Between the cell wall and the cell membrane b. On the very outside of the cell
c. Just under the plasma membrane d. Inside of the nucleus
Answers
The capsule can be seen **on the very outside** of the cell when observing cells stained with a capsule stain.
A capsule stain is a method used to visualize the **capsule layer** surrounding bacterial cells. The capsule, which is a gel-like structure made of polysaccharides or polypeptides, is located on the outermost layer of the cell, providing protection and enhancing the cell's ability to adhere to surfaces. During the staining process, the capsule remains unstained and appears as a clear halo around the stained cell. This helps to differentiate it from the cell wall and cell membrane, which are located closer to the interior of the cell. Therefore, when observing cells using a capsule stain, the capsule should be visible on the very outside of the cell.
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14CO2 was bubbled through a suspension of liver cells that was undergoing gluconeogenesis from lactate to glucose.
Part A Which carbons in the glucose molecule would become radioactive? Check all that apply.
C?1
C?2
C?3
C?4
C?5
C?6
none
Answers
When 14CO₂ is used during gluconeogenesis from lactate to glucose, the carbons that become radioactive in the glucose molecule are C1 and C6.
In the process of gluconeogenesis from lactate to glucose, if 14CO₂ is bubbled through a suspension of liver cells, the following carbons in the glucose molecule would become radioactive:
C1: This carbon would become radioactive because during gluconeogenesis, the lactate molecule is converted into pyruvate, and one carbon from pyruvate is lost as CO₂ during the conversion to oxaloacetate. The oxaloacetate is then converted to glucose, where the radioactive carbon from CO₂ is incorporated at C1 of the glucose molecule.
C6: This carbon would also become radioactive. During gluconeogenesis, one of the steps involves the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate. The carbon at position C6 in fructose-6-phosphate is retained in glucose-6-phosphate, and if 14CO₂is used, this carbon would become radioactive in the resulting glucose molecule. Therefore, the carbons that would become radioactive in the glucose molecule are C1 and C6.
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Which is true about a neuron with a large diameter, myelinated axon as compared to a neuron with a small diameter, unmyelinated axon?
Answers
The true statement about a neuron with a large diameter, myelinated axon is that it conducts faster impulses than the small diameter, unmyelinated axon.
A neuron is the nerve cell that conducts signals from the brain to the whole body and vice versa. The structure of the nerve cell comprises of a cell body with the hair-like dendrites emerging from it. One side of the nerve cell has a long axon that ends at the axon terminal.
Myelinated axon is the one that that is covered by myelin sheath all along its length. The sheath is composed of proteins and lipids. The myelinated axon conducts faster signal because the impulses jump upon the sheath rather than covering the whole length of the axon.
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The deposition of calcium salts in the bones is regulated by
Answers
Answer:
tissue
Explanation:
Our inability to fall asleep is most likely a reflection of
1.insomnia
2.sleep apnea
3.night terrors
4.narcolepsy
Answers
Nope I helped
SOMEONE HELP I HAVE 51 ASSIGMENTS DOU BY WEDNES
How do mutations occur in the genetic code? This represents crossing over during meiosis.
a) During DNA replication, the original DNA strand GTC ACA GGC ATC is copied into complementary strand CAG CCG TAG. This is an example of deletion.
b)Mutations can only occur when passed on thorough reproduction. The majority of mutations are the result of exposure to mutagens.
c)A woman who has sickle cell anemia passes this disease on to her offspring. This means that the mutation for sickle cell anemia MUST occur in the woman’s gametes.
d)Mutations can be silent and not affect the organism that has them.
Answers
Answer:
I think correct answer is not given in the options provided.
Crossing over during meiosis is a process where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. It occurs during prophase I of meiosis and can result in genetic recombination, where the offspring receives a combination of genes from both parents.
Mutations can occur in the genetic code due to errors during DNA replication or exposure to mutagens such as radiation or chemicals. Mutations can be of various types, such as point mutations, deletions, insertions, and chromosomal rearrangements. Some mutations can have harmful effects, while others may have no effect or even be beneficial.
Therefore, the option (a) describes a normal process of DNA replication but does not represent crossing over or a mutation. Option (b) is partially correct but does not describe the specific process of mutation that occurs during crossing over. Option (c) is not necessarily true for all cases of sickle cell anemia as it can also occur due to mutations in the mother's somatic cells, not just the gametes. Option (d) is correct but does not provide any information about the specific process of mutation during crossing over in meiosis.
Glycogen synthase adds glucose units to growing glycogen molecules using:.
Answers
Glycogen synthase adds glucose units to growing glycogen molecules using UDP-glucose as the substrate.
Glycogen synthase adds glucose units to growing glycogen molecules using uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG). Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. Glycogen synthase catalyzes the reaction where a glucose unit from UDPG is added to the non-reducing end of a growing glycogen molecule.
2. This process occurs through the formation of an alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkage, extending the glycogen chain.
3. UDP is released as a byproduct of this reaction.
4. Glycogen synthase continues adding glucose units from UDPG to the glycogen molecule, allowing it to grow in size.
So, the key term in your answer is uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG).
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1. What are the biotic and abiotic factors the scientists monitor which influence this
bat population?
Answers
Answer:
biotic factor = vegetation cover and insect abundance
Explanation:
abiotic factor = ambient temperature, cloud cover, wind strength
Ecosystems are made up of biotic and abiotic forces. Scientists track biotic and abiotic elements that affect the bat population are vegetation, food abundance, temperature, wind strength, etc.
What are essential components needed for the survival of bats?Insectivorous bats require insects to eat, water to drink, roosts to sleep and rear their young, and hibernation sites in order to survive.
Foraging environments are areas where bats search for insects.
Bats prefer warmer temperatures and have a range of strategies for dealing with the cold.
To survive the winter, some bats, such as the large brown bat and the eastern red bat, hibernate in caves and trees. On warm winter days, they can be spotted flying around.
Thus, it can be concluded that the biotic factors needed for the survival of bats are availaibility of insect, vegetation, and water while the abiotic factors include optimum temperature, wind strength, etc.
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people infected with hiv, the virus that causes the disease aids, can become unable to fight off infections by organisms that normally do not harm people. why is this so?
Answers
People infected with HIV, the virus that causes the disease AIDS, can become unable to fight off infections by organisms that normally do not harm people because: HIV weakens the immune system.
The virus does this by attacking and destroying CD4 cells (also known as T-cells), which are a type of white blood cell that is essential for defending the body against infections.
HIV invades CD4 cells and copies itself, which causes the cell to die. This process causes the body to lose CD4 cells, and without them, it is unable to fight off infections by other organisms. Without treatment, HIV can also spread to other organs and tissues in the body, causing further damage to the immune system.
Ultimately, this makes it difficult for people infected with HIV to fight off infections by organisms that usually do not cause any harm.
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Answer the Question Below
Answers
It is crucial to give each organism a scientific name since each scientific name is unique to one species, making it easier for scientists to identify each organism.
Why do scientists favour scientific names over ordinary names?A set of uniform standards form the foundation for scientific names. They can be used to locate an organism anywhere in the world since they are distinctive. Therefore, it is believed that common names for living things are less important than their scientific ones.
when giving an organism a scientific name?The Binomial Naming System is a two-name system used by scientists. The system used by scientists to name plants and animals describes the genus and species of the creature. Genus and species are the first and second words, respectively. While the second word is lowercase, the first is capitalised.
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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
A black rooster mates with a white hen. Based on their genotypes, the chance that the offspring will be checkered is 100 percent. What is the rooster’s genotype? What is the hen’s genotype?
The rooster genotype is
[ Select ]
. The hen’s genotype is
[ Select ]
.
Answers
The rooster genotype is BB
The hen’s genotype is WW
What is incomplete dominance?Incomplete dominance is the situation where the phenotype of the heterozygous phenotype is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homozygous phenotypes.
In incomplete dominance, a third phenotype is produced by the blending of both parents phenotypes. According to this question, a checkered phenotype is created when a black rooster and white hen mates as follows:
BB × WW = BW (checkered phenotype)
This means that the black and white coloration are incompletely dominant to one another. If the probability of producing a checkered offspring is 100%, this means that the genotypes of the rooster and the hen are as follows:
Black rooster = BB
White hen = WW
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Explain why Lamarck made a significant contribution to science even though his explanation of evolution was wrong.
Answers
Answer: He helped Darwin make a connection between the animals and their environment in order to form better ideas about evolutionary processes.
Explanation: See above.
list three reasons why phytoplankton cannot survive at a hydrothermal vent
Answers
Answer:
1. phytoplankton and other organisms harness sunlight , to create photosynthesis , near hydrothermal vent there is no sunlight
2. Phytoplankton need nutrients to grow, so when there's none at the surface they can't thrive, and there's no surface in hydrothermal vent
3. The ocean's increasing acidity will most likely kill them.
Hope that helps
Explanation:
Algae called phytoplankton need sunshine to perform photosynthesis.Additionally, they need particular minerals like nitrates, phosphates, and silicates, which come from the upwelling of nutrient-rich deep waters.The varying of the seasons has an impact on both of these variables.
Why are phytoplankton cells found close to the ocean's surface?
Similar to plants on land, phytoplankton use photosynthesis to absorb energy from the sun's rays, turn it into fuel, and make oxygen from carbon dioxide.Phytoplankton are found close to the water's surface since they require the sun's energy. Similar to terrestrial plants, phytoplankton uses photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy by using chlorophyll to absorb light.They exhale oxygen while consuming carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis, the process of generating energy from chlorophyll and sunlight, is how phytoplankton obtains its energy.Phytoplankton absorb carbon dioxide and expel oxygen, just like other plants. The winter phytoplankton blooms are caused by the northeast monsoon's upwelling of subsurface water rich in nutrients to the surface layer. The phytoplankton is then moved northward by the surface flow, which displaces the center of the bloom from the upwelling centerFor photosynthesis, phytoplankton needs sunshine in addition to nutrients and a suitable environment.Only the topmost ocean layers, known as the epipelagic or euphotic zone, allow light to pass through.Few phytoplankton below this zone receive the requisite sunlight for photosynthesis.To learn more about phytoplankton refer
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What type of scientist would be the best qualified to perform genetic engineering to pro- duce seed that are more productive in agriculture? A. biochemist B. geologist C. molecular biologist D. paleontologist
Answers
The type of scientist best qualified to perform genetic engineering to produce more productive seeds in agriculture would be a molecular biologist, the correct option is C.
Molecular biologists specialize in studying the structure, function, and interactions of molecules within biological systems, including DNA and genes. Genetic engineering involves manipulating the genetic material of organisms, which requires a deep understanding of molecular biology principles.
Molecular biologists have the expertise to identify and isolate specific genes responsible for desired traits in crop plants, such as increased productivity or resistance to pests or diseases. They can then modify or introduce these genes into target plants to achieve the desired outcomes, the correct option is C.
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A protein that interferes with the ability of a virus to replicate inside a host cell is?
Answers
Interferon is the protein which interferes with the ability of a virus to be able to replicate inside a host's cell.
Interferon is a type of a protein which is secreted by the host in response to the viruses which the body encounters. They belong to a class of proteins which are known as cytokines.
When a cell gets infected with virus, it releases interferons. The interferons are able to activate the cells of the immune system like macrophages and the natural killer cells This causes the nearby cells to increase their anti-viral defenses. This helps in the protection of unaffected cells from viral infection.
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Connor listed the steps involved when a Portuguese man of war reproduces
1.sperm and eggs are released into the water
2.eggs are fertilized
3.larvae develop and attach to the surface
4.larvae grow into polyps
5.each polyp from tiny medusae
which described the missing step
Answers
The missing step in the process of Portuguese man-of-war reproduction is; The medusae bud off the polyp after step 5. Option C is correct.
After each polyp forms tiny medusae in the step 5, these medusae bud off the polyp and become free-swimming individuals. These medusae are the reproductive stage of the Portuguese man-of-war and are responsible for producing the sperm as well as eggs that will eventually lead to the development of the new polyps.
There is no mention in the description of the larvae breaking into pieces or the polyps breaking into pieces, and there is no indication that the polyps regenerate before step 5.
Hence, C. is the correct option.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Connor listed the steps involved when a Portuguese man-of-war reproduces. I only have an hour on this test 1. Sperm and eggs are released into the water. 2. Eggs are fertilized. 3. Larvae develop and attach to a surface. 4. Larvae grow into polyps. 5. Each polyp forms tiny medusae. Which describes the missing step? A) The larvae break into pieces after step 3. B) The polyps break into pieces after step 4. C) The medusae bud off the polyp after step 5. D) The polyps regenerate before step 5."--
There are three steps in translation: initiation, elongation, and termination. What is elongated in the second stage
Answers
Given what we know, we can confirm that during the elongation stage of translation, what is elongated is in fact the amino acid chain that is being formed.
What is an amino acid chain?To summarize it very briefly, translation is a process in which cells produce proteins. The proteins in question are produced from chains of amino acids. As more amino acids are added to this chain in order to form the protein, it becomes elongated.
Therefore, we can confirm that during the elongation stage of translation, what is elongated is in fact the amino acid chain that is being formed.
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which group of organisms represents the outgroup in the clade that includes only crocodilians, ornithischian dinosaurs, saurischian dinosaurs, and birds?
Answers
Archosaurs are a group of organisms that belong to the same clade that is Dinosauria.
There is abundant evidence that birds developed within the clade Dinosauria, which is broken down into two groups, dinosaur hips (Saurischia) and bird hips (Ornithischia). Despite the names, it wasn’t bird-hipping dinosaurs that created modern birds. Instead, Saurischia split into two groups: one that included long-necked, herbivorous dinosaurs like Apatosaurus, and the second group that gave rise to birds as bipedal predators known as theropods.
There are many similarities between late (maniraptoran) dinosaur fossils and birds, particularly in the structure of hip and wrist bones and the presence of a wishbone formed by the fusion of clavicles.
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Select the correct statement about the Calvin cycle.
1. The Calvin cycle takes place primarily in the dark.
2. The Calvin cycle has three phases: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of RuBP.
3. The basic function of the Calvin cycle is the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy.
Answers
The Calvin cycle is the only metabolic pathway used by autotrophic organisms to incorporate inorganic matter and generate glucose, it has three phases: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of RuBP.
What is Calvin cycle?It is a process or phase independent of light, during which the carbon dioxide (CO2) extracted from the atmosphere is fixed by incorporating it in the form of glucose, this cycle can be divided into three stages:
The first stage is carbon fixation which comprises the carboxylation reaction and is catalyzed by Rubisco.The second stage is reduction, which involves the phosphorylation of 3-PGA to 1,3 diphosphoglyceric acid (1,3-PGA) by means of a kinase and with expenditure of ATP.The third stage is ribulose diphosphate regeneration, which also requires ATP.Therefore, we can conclude that the Calvin cycle goes through the stages of carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of RuBP.
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Describe the structure of the study independent variables , dependent variables and detail why the researchers would have used random allocation.
Answers
Answer:
To reduce systematic error.
Explanation:
The researchers would have used random allocation in order to decreases systematic error in the experiment. If we don't apply random allocation to the experiment, there is high chances of systematic error in the experiment and the result is not of high quality. Independent variables is a type of variable whose variation does not depend on another factor while on the other hand, dependent variables is a type of variable whose variation depend on another factor.
The most amount of energy is available at what level of an energy pyramid?
Answers
1. fatty acids2. amino acids3. phospholipids4. hydrogen5. peptide6. tertiary7. secondary8. rough endoplasmic reticulum9. ribosome10. Golgi apparatus11. vesicle
Answers
The production of antibodies inside the lymphocytes starts at the ribosome (organelle) by joining amino acids together, creating peptide bonds, and forming the primary level structure polypeptide. The polypeptide bends and folds tertiary in the Golgi apparatus (organelle), to form the next level of structure. For instance, the secondary level of structure is formed by hydrogen bonds to create alpha helix or beta-pleated formations.
In order for an antibody to be released into the blood, a fully formed antibody will move from rough endoplasmic reticulum (organelle) to another organelle named Golgi apparatus to sort and be processed for shipment out of the cell. Antibodies transport from organelle to organelle and to the plasma membrane in a vesicle, which is made out of fatty acids-phospholipids.
1. fatty acids
2. amino acids
3. phospholipids
4. hydrogen
5. peptide
6. tertiary
7. secondary
8. rough endoplasmic reticulum (organelle)
9. ribosome (organelle)
10. Golgi apparatus (organelle)
11. vesicle
1. ______________ is an environmental influence that commonly affects anorganism’s phenotype.A. epistasisB. temperatureC. autosome development
Answers
The environment can greatly affect phenotype. Factors such as diet, temperature, oxygen levels, humidity, and mutagens can affect the genes of an organisms that will be expressed thereby affecting its phenotype. Temperature when in its increased state can increase variability in phenotype. Epistasis is present when the allele of a gene hides from another gene.
Answer - B. temperature
Embryology is the study of the development of an
the mother's uterus.
which is a fertilized egg attached to the wall of
Answers
Answer:
Embryo
Explanation:
It's in the name
Answer:
embryo
Explanation:
Which researchers used radioactive markers in experiments tho show that DNA was the genetic material in cells?
Answers
Answer:
The Hershey–Chase experiments were a series of experiments conducted in 1952 by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase that helped to confirm that DNA is genetic material.
Explanation:
Hope it helps :)
Answer:
C. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
Explanation:
They conducted experiments to test whether protein or DNA was the hereditary material viruses transfer when viruses enter a bacterium. They used radioactive sulfur to mark the protein and radioactive phosphorous to mark the DNA.
Choose the type of relationship that best defines the scenarios below.
Red-tailed hawks and black racer snakes prey
on the same species of rodents in the same
habitat.
One organism benefits, while another is
unharmed
during a long-term relationship between the
two.
A tick becomes lodged on the skin of a hiker.
Coyotes eat mice and rabbits.
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Given that both species consume the same resources, the relationship between red-tailed hawks and black racer snakes is one of competition (rodents).
What is the ecological relationship between predator and prey?Predator-prey relationships are interactions between two species in which one species serves as the other's prey. The term "predator" refers to an organism that feeds, and the term "prey" refers to an organism that is fed upon. There are countless instances of predator-prey relationships.
What does Lotka-Volterra model explained?The Lotka-Volterra model makes the assumption that a predator's rate of prey consumption is inversely related to its abundance. As a result, the only factor affecting predators' ability to feed is the availability of prey.
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Use the number line interactive to evaluate the
following expressions,
8 + 3 =
(-8) + (-5) =
V
(-8) + 2 =
Hi gvjkv2+2478???
Answers
Answer:
11
-13
-6
Explanation:
Answer:
brainly
Explanation:
a gene is a sequence of compounds found within what kind of molecule
Answers
A gene is a sequence of compounds found within a molecule called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule that carries the genetic information in all living organisms. It is made up of smaller units called nucleotides, which consist of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
Genes are specific segments of DNA that contain the instructions for synthesizing proteins or functional RNA molecules. These instructions are encoded in the sequence of the nitrogenous bases along the DNA molecule. Each gene has a unique sequence of bases, and this sequence determines the specific genetic code that directs the synthesis of a particular protein or RNA molecule.
The arrangement and sequence of genes within the DNA molecule are responsible for the inheritance of traits and characteristics from parents to offspring. Genes play a crucial role in determining an organism's traits, development, and overall function.
The discovery of the structure of DNA and the understanding of its role in carrying genetic information have been fundamental to the field of genetics and our understanding of inheritance, evolution, and the mechanisms underlying various genetic disorders.
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if you want to find the best time of year to visit Thailand, which method of forecasting would be the best to use? Explain your answer.
Answers
If you want to find the best time of year to visit Thailand straight line method of forecasting would be the best one to use.
What is forecasting?Forecasting is a technique by it is that uses historically figured data as inputs to the make informed estimated that is predictive in the determining the direction of the future trends. Businesses utilizes of the forecasting to determine the how to allocate theirs budgets or plan for the anticipates expenses foran upcoming period of time.
The straight-line method is the one of the simplest and the it is easy-to-follow by the of forecasting methods. As a financial analysing the touses a historically figured by thetrends to the prediction of future revenue of the growth.
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