you are designing a membrane filtration plant to produce a permeate volume of 56,000 m3 /day. the pilot system contained two modules of 45 m2 membrane area each, and the flux was of 80 l/m2 -h. the system needs to do a direct integrity test for 15 minutes once a day. chemical clean-in-place occurs every 45 days and requires 4 h of downtime. the membrane modules are backwashed for 1.5 min every 30 min and consumes 270 l of water during backwash. how many membrane modules will be needed to produce the required 56,000 m3 /day?
Answers
We need at least one membrane module to produce the required permeate volume of 56,000 m3/day.
To determine how many membrane modules will be needed to produce the required 56,000 m3/day, we can use the following equation:
Permeate flow rate = Membrane area × Flux rate
First, let's calculate the total membrane area required:
Total membrane area = Permeate flow rate ÷ Flux rate
Total membrane area = 56,000 m3/day ÷ (80 L/m2-h × 24 h/day)
Total membrane area = 29.17 m2
Since the pilot system contained two modules of 45 m2 membrane area each, we can calculate the total number of modules required as:
Total number of modules = Total membrane area ÷ Membrane area per module
Total number of modules = 29.17 m2 ÷ 45 m2/module
Total number of modules = 0.648 or ≈ 1 module
Therefore, we need at least one membrane module to produce the required permeate volume of 56,000 m3/day.
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Related Questions
The index of refraction of a type of glass is 1.50, and the index of refraction of water is 1.33. If light enters water from this glass, the angle of refraction (transmission) will be Group of answer choices greater than the angle of incidence. equal to the angle of incidence. less than the angle of incidence.
Answers
The angle of refraction is less than the angle of incidence.
When light travels from one medium to another, it changes its direction of propagation. This phenomenon is called refraction, and the angle of refraction is determined by the indices of refraction of the two media and the angle of incidence. The law of refraction states that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is equal to the ratio of the indices of refraction of the two media.
In this case, the index of refraction of glass is greater than the index of refraction of water, which means that light will bend away from the normal as it enters the water from the glass. This implies that the angle of refraction will be less than the angle of incidence.
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the pendulum consists of a 4-kg circular plate and a 2-kg slender rod. determine the radius of gyration of the pendulum about an axis perpendicular to the page and passing through point o
Answers
Answer: the radius of gyration of the pendulum about the specified axis is k = √[(4r₁² + 2r₂²) / 6].The radius of gyration of a body is a measure of how its mass is distributed around an axis of rotation. It is defined as the distance from the axis of rotation to a point where the entire mass of the body could be concentrated without changing the rotational behavior of the body.
For a body composed of a number of individual masses, the radius of gyration can be calculated using the formula:k² = Σmr² / Σmwhere k is the radius of gyration, m is the mass of each individual component of the body, r is the distance of each component from the axis of rotation, and Σ signifies a summation of all the components.
Using this formula and the information provided in the student question, we can calculate the radius of gyration of the pendulum about the specified axis as follows:k² = (4 kg x r₁²) + (2 kg x r₂²) / (4 kg + 2 kg)where r₁ is the radius of the circular plate and r₂ is the distance from point O to the center of mass of the slender rod.
Rearranging the equation and substituting the given values, we get:k² = (4r₁² + 2r₂²) / 6We are asked to find k, so we can solve for it by taking the square root of both sides: k = √[(4r₁² + 2r₂²) / 6]Thus, the radius of gyration of the pendulum about the specified axis is k = √[(4r₁² + 2r₂²) / 6].
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A 0.5kg ball falls from a building that Is 50m high. how much kinetic energy will it have when it has fallen half way to the ground?
Answers
vfinal = root 2ad
v = root (2*9.81m/s^2*25)
v = 69.367175234 m/s
Kinetic energy = 1/2mv^2
Kinetic energy = 1/2 * (69.367175234 m/s^s^2
Ek = 2405.9025 Joules
A student has been assigned to measure the density of an irregularly shaped piece of metal.which apparatus would be more appropriate to carry out this task
Answers
Complete Question:
A student has been assigned to measure the density of an irregularly shaped piece of metal.
Which apparatus would be most appropriate to carry out this task?
Group of answer choices
A. ruler, balance
B. beaker, crucible
C. flask, Bunsen burner
D. graduated cylinder, balance
Answer:
D. graduated cylinder, balance
Explanation:
In this scenario, A student has been assigned to measure the density of an irregularly shaped piece of metal.
The apparatus which would be most appropriate to carry out this task is a graduated cylinder and balance.
A graduated cylinder can be defined as a measuring cylinder used for the measurement of the volume of an irregularly shaped piece of metal or liquids. It is typically marked with horizontal lines on its side as units of measurement for volume. The balance is then used to weigh the metals mass.
the distance from new york to los angeles is about 4000 km and should take about 40 h in a car driving at 100 km/h. (a) how much shorter than 4000 km is the distance according to the car travelers? (b) how much less than 40 h do they age during the trip?
Answers
The distance according to the car travelers is 4000 km, because this is the actual distance between New York and Los Angeles.
What is distance ?Distance is a measure of the length or space between two points. It is often used to describe the separation between two physical objects, or the distance traveled by an object or person. Distance can be measured in a variety of units, including kilometers, miles, meters, and feet, depending on the context in which it is being used.
(a) The distance according to the car travelers is 4000 km, because this is the actual distance between New York and Los Angeles.
(b) The car travelers do not age less during the trip, because time passes at the same rate regardless of the speed at which a person is traveling. If a person spends 40 hours traveling from New York to Los Angeles, they will age 40 hours, regardless of the speed at which they are traveling.
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What instrument is used to measure force?
1. Ruler
2. Balance
3. Spring scale
4. Barometer
Answers
Which of the following statements are true (mark all that apply) primordial nucleosynthesis produced all of the elements heavier than helium chemical composition of our solar system matches the chemical composition of the Milky Way some of the stars in the Milky Way may be older than the Milky Way your body contains a lot of helium nearly all atoms of elements heavier then helium were produced through nuclear fusion in stellar interiors and through reactions that occur during explosions that massive stars undergo at the ends of their lives or during mergers of stellar remnants called neutron stars some of the oldest galaxies are about 13.2 billion years old nucleosynthesis is a process through which the atoms of various elements are produced you're mainly made of hydrogen
Answers
Answer:
The correct options are;
1) The chemical composition of our solar system matches the chemical composition of the Milky Way
2) Nearly all atoms of elements heavier than helium were produced through nuclear fusion in stellar interiors and through reactions that occur during explosions that massive stars undergo at the ends of their lives or during mergers of stellar remnants called neutron stars
3) Some of the oldest galaxies are about 13.2 billion years old
4) Nucleosynthesis is a process through which the atoms of various elements are produced
5) You re mainly made of hydrogen
Explanation:
1) There are dependencies between chemical composition of stars and planets and the same distribution of chemicals we have in our Solar system have been observed to be present in varying resemblance through out the Milky Way
2) The formation of heavier elements are believed to have been formed by astrophysical fusion processes
3) The oldest known object (and hence the galaxy where the star resides), is from a distant star known as GRB 090423 which is about 13 billion years old
4) New atomic nuclear are created by the process of protons and neutrons by the process of nucleosynthesis
5) 62%of the atoms in the body are hydrogen atoms.
When you are standing in a subway train and the train suddenly stops but your body continues to move forward. Which one of Newton's laws is this?
1st law
2nd law
3rd law
4th law
Answers
Answer:
A. 1st law.
Explanation:
Newton's first law of motion states that, an object or body will continue to be at rest or experience a uniform motion in a straight line at constant speed provided there's no action of an external force. Thus, unless compelled to change its state by an external force, a body will continue to be at rest or experience a uniform motion in a straight line.
The Newton's first law of motion is also known as the law of inertia; which is the tendency of a body to be at rest unless acted upon by an external force.
In this scenario, you are standing in a subway train and the train suddenly stops but your body continues to move forward. This is in accordance with Newton's first law of motion.
Hence, the sudden stoppage of the train generates a force which acts on the body thereby causing the passenger to tip or move forward.
1) A small squishy ball is thrown against the side of a large cube of concrete. While the objects are in contact with each other, which experiences the larger force? a. The small squishy ball exerts a larger force on the large cube of concrete b. The large cube of concrete exerts a larger force on the small squishy ball C. Neither object exerts a force on the other while they are in contact. d. The small squishy ball and the large cube of concrete exert equal forces on each other.
Answers
The large concrete cube exerts more pressure on the tiny squishy ball.
What exactly is a force?It can be characterized as an interaction that affects an object's motion if there is no opposition. The simple definition of force, on the other hand, is the push or pull that any object receives. Force is a vector quantity, hence it has a magnitude and a direction.
What qualifies it as a force?However, gravity is a force in a more general sense since it symbolizes the interaction that takes place when two masses are close to one another. Gravitational effects are fundamentally caused by the stretching of spacetime and the motion of things through the stretched spacetime. The effect, nevertheless, seems to be the result of using force.
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If an object weighs 140N on the Moon, what will it weigh here on Earth?
Answers
On the moon you weigh 6 times lighter so for this problem you multiply 140n by 6.
What is weight on Moon?Your weight on the Moon is 16.5% what you would experience on Earth. In other words, if you weighed 100 kg on Earth, you would weigh a mere 16.5 kg on the Moon. For you imperial folks, imagine you tipped the scales at 200 pounds.
It’s because of the lower gravity on the Moon. Objects on the surface of the Moon experience only 16.5% of the gravity they would experience on Earth.
The mass of the Moon is only 1.2% the mass of the Earth, so you might expect it to have only 1.2% of the gravity. But it’s only 27% of the size of the Earth, so when you’re standing on the surface of the Moon, you’re much closer to its center of gravity.
Therefore, On the moon you weigh 6 times lighter so for this problem you multiply 140n by 6.
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Which equation correctly relates mechanical energy, thermal energy, and total
energy when there is friction present in the system?
A. Ethermal
Ethermal
=
ME
B. Ethermal = Etotal - ME
C. Ethermal = ME - Etotal
D. Ethermal = Etotal + ME
Answers
Answer:
B
This is because frictional energy is similar to thermal energy in a system. Therefore the thermal energy produced is equal to
A sonar signal of frequency 1 x 10^6 Hz has a wavelength of 1.5 mm in * 30 points
water. a) What is the speed of the signal in water? b) What is its period in
water? c) What is its period in air?
Answers
a) To find the speed of the signal in water, we can use the equation:
Speed = Wavelength x Frequency
Where Wavelength is given as 1.5 mm and Frequency is given as 1 x 10^6 Hz.
Speed = 1.5 x 10^-3 m x 10^6 Hz = 1.5 x 10^3 m/s
So the speed of the signal in water is 1.5 x 10^3 m/s
b) To find the period in water, we can use the equation:
Period = 1 / Frequency
Where Frequency is given as 1 x 10^6 Hz
Period = 1 / (1 x 10^6) s = 1 x 10^-6 s = 1 microsecond
So the period of the signal in water is 1 microsecond
c) The speed of sound in air is approximately 343 m/s. Since the frequency of the signal remains constant and the speed of sound in air is different than the speed of sound in water, the wavelength of the signal will also be different. However, since the period is inversely proportional to the frequency and is independent of the medium, the period of the signal in air will be the same as in water, which is 1 microsecond.
The number of tickets purchased by an individual for Beckham College's holiday music festival is a uniformly distributed random variable ranging from 4 to 10.
Answers
Answer:
The mean is 4.5 and the standard deviation is 1.44. Step-by-step explanation: An uniform probability is a case of probability in which each outcome is equally as likely. For this situation, we have a lower limit of the distribution that we call a and an upper limit that we call b. The mean of the uniform probability distribution is: The standard deviation of the uniform probability distribution is: Uniformly distributed random variable ranging from 2 to 7. This means that . So The mean is 4.5 and the standard deviation is 1.44.
Which two types of waves require matter in order to travel? A. Light waves B. Sound waves C. Electromagnetic waves D. Water waves
Answers
Answer:
b & c
Explanation:
because is my choice
6. The star nearest to our Sun is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.3 light years away. A light
year is the distance that light travels in one year. 1 light year is about
9,500,000,000,000kilometers. Again, use the unit cancelation technique:
How many astronomical units is it to Alpha Centauri? HELP
Answers
Answer:
273,000 Astronomical Units.
Explanation:
4.3 light years = 40,850,000,000,000 kilometeres, 4.3 x 9,500,000,000,000.
Convert kilometers to astronomical unit:
149,597,870 kilometers = 1 AU, convert unit.
40,850,000,000,000 divided by 149,597,870 = 273,065.385222 or approx. 273,000 AU.
Blank is the time rate of change in velocity
Answers
Acceleration is the time rate of change in velocity.
Acceleration = Rate of change of velocity
problem 6: Consider two vectors A and B, expressed in unit vector notations as A = a1i + a2j and b = b1i + b2j.
Answers
The scalar product of two vectors A and B can be expressed as A · B = a1b1 + a2b2.
For the given vectors A = a1i + a2j and B = b1i + b2j, the scalar product is A · B = a1b1 + a2b2.
The scalar product of two vectors is a number that can be calculated by multiplying each of the vectors’ components together and then adding them together.
In the given vectors, A and B, the scalar product is calculated by taking the product of the components of each vector and then adding them together.
The components of vector A are a1i and a2j, and the components of vector B are b1i and b2j. When these components are multiplied together and added, we get A · B = a1b1 + a2b2, which is the scalar product of the two vectors.
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Name the fundamental units used in Physics.
Answers
Answer:
Length - meter (m)
Time - second (s)
Amount of substance - mole (mole)
Electric current - ampere (A)
Temperature - kelvin (K)
Luminous intensity - candela (cd)
Mass - kilogram (kg)
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which lever is human arm
Answers
Answer:
The human arm is a class 3 lever
Explanation:
Answer:
A bent arm is a Class 3 lever. The pivot is at the elbow and the forearm acts as the lever arm. The biceps muscle provides the effort (force) and bends the forearm against the weight of the forearm and any weight that the hand might be holding.
Explanation:
explain the energy and matter coincide into the universe on the basis of principle of conservation of energy
Answers
In natural systems, both energy and matter are conserved. This means that while energy and matter can change forms, neither can they be created nor destroyed. Energy and matter are frequently cycled within a system, and various forms of matter and energy can interact.
Explain conservation of energy?The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation of energy, states that the energy of a closed system must remain constant—it cannot increase or decrease without external interference.There are three fundamental quantities that are conserved in mechanics. There are three of them: energy, momentum, and angular momentum.Limiting your energy consumption reduces your environmental impact. The longer we wait to make significant changes, the more dangerous global warming and climate change become to our daily lives. When we burn fossil fuels, we emit a massive amount of greenhouse gases.To learn more about energy conservation refer to :
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Einstein's theory of general relativity is currently the best explanation of gravity. what is likely to happen to this theory in the future?
a. it will remain the best explanation, because no one has come up with a better one yet.
b. it will remain the best explanation, because einstein's name is so well-known.
c. it will be replaced by a new theory if popular opinion changes.
d. it will be replaced by a new theory if enough evidence is collected.
Answers
Answer:
d. it will be replaced by a new theory if enough evidence is collected.
Explanation:
i think
Definetly not answers C or B. Answer a is shaped oddly
Use this free body diagram to help you find the magnitude of the force F1 needed to keep this block in static equilibrium.
Answers
Static equilibrium means that all forces are equal, so to make this easiest you want to break F1 into it's horizontal and vertical components. As there are no other forces acting in the horizontal, we know the horizontal component of F1 is 40N.
What is static equilibrium ?Dynamic equilibrium is a state in which bodies are moving at a constant speed as opposed to static equilibrium, which is a state in which bodies are at rest (rectilinear motion). The total amount of forces exerted on them in both situations is zero.
When two forces are acting on an object that is in static equilibrium, it indicates that their sum is zero, which makes static equilibrium a useful analytical tool. You may create an equation to figure out the direction and strength of the unknown force if you know the direction and strength of one of the forces.
Thus, Static equilibrium means that all forces are equal, so to make this easiest you want to break F1 into it's horizontal and vertical components.
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Kayaks have been used for thousands of years to hunt and fish in Arctic regions. The total volume of a particular kayak is 285 litres (which is 0.285 m3). It has a mass of 75 kg. The man using it has a volume of 0.066 m3. When sitting in the kayak, half of man’s volume is inside the kayak. The density of the human body is about 1000 kg/m3.Calculate the density of the empty kayak.
Answers
Given,
The volucme of Kayak, V₁=0.285 m³
The mass of the Kayak when the man is sitting in it, m₁=75 kg
The volume of the man, V₂=0.066 m³
The density of the man, d=1000 kg/m³
The mass of the man inside the Kayak is given by,
\(m_2=V_2\times d\)On substituting the known values,
\(\begin{gathered} m_2=0.066\times1000 \\ =66\text{ kg} \end{gathered}\)The mass of the empty Kayak is,
\(\begin{gathered} M=m_1-m_2 \\ =75-66 \\ =9\text{ kg} \end{gathered}\)Given that only half of the volume of the man is inside the Kayak when he is sitting in it. Half of the man's volume which is outside the Kayak will be considered in the total volume of the Kayak when he is sitting in it. Thus we have to subtract half of his volume, which is outside the Kayak, while we calculate the density of the Kayak.
Thus the density of the empty Kayak is
\(\rho=\frac{M}{V_1-\frac{V_2}{2}}\)On substituting the known values,
\(\begin{gathered} \rho=\frac{9}{0.285-\frac{0.066}{2}} \\ =35.71kg/m^3 \end{gathered}\)Thus the density of the Kayak is 35.71 kg/m³
A plumber uses a spanner on a tap. She puts a force of 200N on the spanner 30cm from the tap. What is the size of the moment?
Answers
Answer:
60Nm
Explanation:
Given data
Applied force= 200N
length of spanner= 30cm to meter
= 30/100= 0.3m
We know that the formula for the moment is
P=Fl
that is
P= force * length
P= 200*0.3
P= 60Nm
Hence the moment is 60Nm
What is the magnification of an object that is 4.15 m in front of a camera that has an image position of 5.0 cm?
Answers
Done !!!!!!!!
Estimate the terminal speed of a wooden sphere (density 0.830 g/cm3) falling through air, if its radius is 8.50 cm and its drag coefficient is 0.500. (the density of air is 1.20 kg/m3.)
Answers
Terminal speed of a wooden ball (density 0.830g/cm³) falling through the air, if the radius is 8.50 cm and the drag coefficient is 0.500 = 1.860 m/s
The object in free fall would reach this speed if there were no air resistance at that height = 176 m
We have,
ρ = 0.830 g/cm³ = 830 kg/m³
r = 8.50 cm = 0.08 m
c = 0.500
ρ air = 1.2 kg/m³
Determine mass of the wooden sphere:
m = ρV
= 0.830 { \(\frac{4}{3}\) \(\pi\) (8.5)³}
= 2.13 kg
So, the terminal speed of a wooden sphere:
v = √(2mg/D(ρ air)(A)
= \(\sqrt{\frac{2(2.13)(9.8)}{(0.500)(1.20)(0.0201)} }\)
= 1.860 m/s
The height:
h = v²/2g
= (1.860)² / 2(9.8)
= 176 m
The question is incomplete, it should be:
a. Estimate the terminal speed of a wooden sphere (density 0.830 g/cm³) falling through air, if its radius is 8.50 cm and its drag coefficient is 0.500. (the density of air is 1.20 kg/m³)? b. From what height would a freely falling object reach this speed in the absence of air resistance?
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An alpha particle is made up of __ __and
ions
protons
neutrons
C electrons
Answers
¿Qué trabajo hace una fuerza de 110 N cuando mueve su punto de aplicación 20 mt en su misma dirección? *
Answers
Answer:
W = 2.200 Joules
Explanation:
Datos (data):
Fuerza [force] (F) = 110 NMetros [meters] (m) = 20 mTrabajo [work] (W) = ?Usar la fórmula (use formula):
\(\boxed{\bold{W = F*d}}\)Reemplazar (replace):
\(\boxed{\bold{W = 110\ N*20\ m}}\)Resolver la multiplicación, recuerda que 1 N * 1 m = 1 J (resolve the multiplication, remember that 1 N * 1 m = 1 J:
\(\boxed{\boxed{\bold{W =2.200\ J}}}\)Greetings.
Why Does Elasticity Matter?
Often, a lot of what is covered in courses has little application in the so-called "real world". In this discussion board, you need to post an entry to the discussion board stating why elasticity actually does matter in the everyday lives of businesses and consumers, using an example of a good or service as part of your explanation.
Part I
Using an example of a good or service, you will state why elasticity is applicable in the everyday lives of businesses and consumers. Please be clear in your explanation
Answers
Elasticity is of significant importance in the everyday lives of businesses and consumers as it helps them understand and respond to changes in prices and demand for goods or services. By considering elasticity, businesses can make informed decisions regarding pricing strategies, production levels, and resource allocation. Consumers, on the other hand, can assess the impact of price changes on their purchasing decisions and adjust their consumption patterns accordingly.
Elasticity, specifically price elasticity of demand, measures the responsiveness of consumer demand to changes in price. It indicates the percentage change in quantity demanded resulting from a one percent change in price. Understanding price elasticity allows businesses to determine how sensitive consumers are to changes in price and adjust their pricing strategies accordingly.
For example, let's consider the market for gasoline. Gasoline is a highly price-sensitive good, meaning that changes in its price have a significant impact on consumer demand. If the price of gasoline increases, consumers may reduce their consumption and seek alternatives such as carpooling or using public transportation. In this scenario, businesses need to consider the price elasticity of gasoline to predict and respond to changes in consumer behavior. They might lower prices to stimulate demand or introduce more fuel-efficient options to cater to price-conscious consumers.
In conclusion, elasticity matters because it provides valuable insights into the dynamics of supply and demand, enabling businesses and consumers to make informed decisions in response to price changes. By understanding elasticity, businesses can adapt their strategies to maintain competitiveness, while consumers can optimize their purchasing choices based on price sensitivity.
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An inelastic collision is one in which:
kinetic energy before the collision equals kinetic energy after the collision.
kinetic energy after the collision is zero.
kinetic energy before the collision is less than kinetic energy after the collision.
kinetic energy before the collision is greater than kinetic energy after the collision.
Answers
Answer:
kinetic energy before the collision is greater than kinetic energy after the collision.
Explanation:
An inelastic collision is Kinetic energy before the collision is greater than kinetic energy after the collision.
Kinetic energy before the collision is more than after the collision in an inelastic collision. Some of the initial kinetic energy is lost in an inelastic collision, usually transformed into heat or sound. Colliding objects stick together or deform, decreasing their aggregate kinetic energy. This type of collision commonly loses energy due to internal forces or friction. The system's total kinetic energy is lowered in an inelastic collision, unlike an elastic collision. Many real-world collisions are inelastic due to energy dissipation and deformation.
In an inelastic collision, some kinetic energy is lost, and the objects stick together or deform during the collision. The final kinetic energy is less than the initial kinetic energy, resulting in less total mechanical energy after the collision compared to before the collision.
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