How much heat is required to warm 400. g of ethanol from 25.0°c to 40.0°c

Answer:

do you mean DeF?

Explanation:

The molarity of the NaOH(aq) solution is 0.156 M.

The balanced equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide is H₂SO₄(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na₂SO₄(aq) + 2H₂O(l). From the balanced equation, it can be deduced that the mole ratio of NaOH to H₂SO₄ is 2:1. Hence, the moles of H₂SO₄ reacted = Molarity of H₂SO₄ × Volume of H₂SO₄ used in liters = 0.220 M × 0.03230 L = 0.007106 moles.

Using mole ratio, the moles of NaOH reacted = 2 × 0.007106 = 0.01421 moles. Molarity of NaOH = Moles of NaOH / Volume of NaOH used in liters= 0.01421 moles / 0.04630 L = 0.306 M or 0.156 M (rounded off to three significant figures). Thus, the molarity of the NaOH(aq) is 0.156 M.

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The collision frequency and molecular orientation are incorporated in the value of the activation energy (Ea) in the Arrhenius equation.

The Arrhenius equation is a mathematical expression that describes the temperature dependence of reaction rates. It states that the rate constant (k) of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the frequency of successful collisions between reacting molecules, and is given by the equation:

k = Ae^(-Ea/RT),

where A is the pre-exponential factor, Ea is the activation energy, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

This equation predicts that as the temperature increases, the reaction rate will also increase due to the increase in collision frequency and molecular orientation, which are both incorporated in the activation energy (Ea).

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Answer:

1. 1.72 moles of potassium.

2. All of the answers are true

3. Are used up during a reaction

Explanation:

Recall that the number of moles is obtained from;

Number of moles= Mass of potassium/ molar mass of potassium

Mass of potassium= 67 g

Molar mass of potassium= 39 gmol-1

Number of moles of K= 67 g/ 39 gmol-1

Number of moles = 1.72 moles of potassium.

2. When we look at all the options, we will realize that all the options are true. The rate of reaction doubles for each 10°C rise in temperature, increasing reactant concentration increases particle collision and ultimately increases the rate of reaction. Rate of reaction deals with rate of disappearance of reactants or rate of appearance of products.

3. Catalysts remain unchanged in a chemical reaction because they do not actually participate in the reaction. Hence they are not used up in any chemical reaction.

Ethanol, propanol, and methanol are three simple alcohols. They can be grouped together because they all share the same hydroxyl group.

A hydroxyl group is a functional group consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom. The oxygen atom consists of two lone pair of electrons. Hydroxyl group is chemically represented as -OH.

Alcohols, Sugar and carboxylic acids usually contain hydroxyl groups. All the alcohol have the same functional group which is why they are represented by the formula ROH. Here R is an alkyl group and OH is a hydroxyl group.

Alcohols are formed when this group is added to an organic compound.

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Answer:

c.............. ......

According to the context, passive prosthetics came about to meet the need for devices to function without an external power source.

They are a group of prosthetics aimed mainly at promoting postural balance and body image.

These external devices can be used to replace the missing or deficient upper limb segment without an external power source.

Therefore, we can conclude that according to the context, passive prosthetics came about to meet the need for devices to function without an external power source.

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Answer:

What is a Metal ? Metals. Metals are opaque, lustrous elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity. Most metals are malleable and ductile and are, in general, denser than the other elemental substances.

Explanation:

Metalloid, in chemistry, an imprecise term used to describe a chemical element that forms a simple substance having properties intermediate between those of a typical metal and a typical nonmetal. ...

Definition: The non-metals are elements on the right of the periodic table

The empirical formula of ascorbic acid is C6H8O6.

To calculate the empirical mass of a compound from the mass percentage of each element, the value of the molar mass of each element is used, which in this case corresponds to:

                                              \(MM_C= 12g/mol\\MM_H=1g/mol\\MM_O=16g/mol\)

From this, we consider that the compound has 100 grams, so the number of moles of each element will be equal to:

                                                   \(C = \frac{40.92}{12} = 3.41 \\H = \frac{4.58}{1}=4.58\\ O =\frac{54.50}{16}=3.41\)

Now, divide all the values ​​found by the smallest value, to find the amount present in each element:

                                            \(C = \frac{3.41}{3.41} = 1\\ H = \frac{4.58}{3.41} = 1.34\\O = \frac{3.41}{3.41} = 1\)

As you can see, the value of moles of hydrogen resulted in a decimal number, so it is necessary to multiply all values ​​​​by a number in common until the three meet as integers:

                                          \(C = 1 \times 6 = 6\\H = 1.34 \times 6 = 8\\O = 6 \times 6 = 6\)

So, the empirical formula of ascorbic acid is C6H8O6.

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Answer:

26.90 grams of sulfuric acid

Explanation:

2HCl + Na2SO4 → 2NaCl + H2SO4

HCl = 36.46 g/mol

H2SO4 = 98.08 g/mol

Calculating 20 grams in HCI

n(HCl) = mass/molar mass

= 20.0 g/36.46 g/mol

= 0.5487 mol

2 moles of HCl produces 1 mole of H2SO4

n(H2SO4) = 0.5487 mol/2

= 0.2744 mol

Mass of H2SO4

mass(H2SO4) = n(H2SO4) x molar mass

= 0.2744 mol x 98.08 g/mol

= 26.90 g

Answer:

26.9 grams

Explanation:

This is a stoichiometry problem. To solve it, we need to determine the number of moles of hydrochloric acid (HCl) that are present in 20.0 grams of the substance. The molar mass of HCl is 36.46 g/mol, so 20.0 grams of HCl is equivalent to 20.0 g / 36.46 g/mol = 0.549 moles of HCl.

According to the balanced chemical equation you provided, two moles of HCl react with one mole of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) to produce two moles of sodium chloride (NaCl) and one mole of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). This means that for every two moles of HCl that react, one mole of H2SO4 is produced.

Since we have 0.549 moles of HCl, we can expect to produce 0.549 moles / 2 = 0.275 moles of H2SO4.

The molar mass of H2SO4 is 98.08 g/mol, so 0.275 moles of H2SO4 is equivalent to 0.275 mol * 98.08 g/mol = 26.9 grams of sulfuric acid.

The half life of the sample is 14 hours and the time taken is 97 hours.

We know that radioactivity has to do with the fact that there is element decomposed within a given time frame. Let us note that the half life has to do with the time taken for only half of the radioactive material to remain.

We can see that the time that is taken for only half of the sample to remains is about 14 hours.

We now know that;

N/No = (1/2)^t/\(t_{\frac{1}{2} }\)

N = Number of atoms

No = Initial number of atoms

t = time taken

\(t_{\frac{1}{2} }\) = The half life

Then we have;

2.5/320 = (1/2)^ t/14

7.8 * 10^ -3 = (0.5)^t/14

ln(7.8 * 10^ -3 ) = t/14 ln(0.5)

t = ln(7.8 * 10^ -3 ) / ln(0.5) * 14

t = -4.8/-0.693 * 14

t = 97 hours

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Answer:

a

Explanation:

Oxidation cannot occur without e. reduction reaction.

This is because oxidation and reduction reactions are two sides of the same coin and they occur simultaneously. Oxidation involves the loss of electrons, while reduction involves the gain of electrons. Therefore, a reduction reaction must occur in order for oxidation to occur. In the given options, acid, oxygen, water, and air are not necessarily required for oxidation to occur.

However, they may facilitate or enhance the oxidation reaction. For instance, oxygen is necessary for combustion, which is a type of oxidation reaction. Water can participate in oxidation reactions by providing hydrogen ions (H+) or hydroxide ions (OH-) that can accept or donate electrons, respectively.

In summary, oxidation cannot occur without a reduction reaction option e, which involves the gain of electrons.

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Another type of weathering that attacks rocks is chemical weathering, a process that breaks down rock through chemical changes. The causes of chemical weathering include action of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, living organisms, and acid rain. Chemical weathering can produce new minerals as it breaks down rock.

Explanation:

Answer

B. 11.2 grams

Explanation:

Molar mass of CaCl = 110.98 g/mol

Molar mass of KCl = 74.5513 g/mol

From the balanced chemical equation of the reaction given;

1 mole CaCl produced 2 moles KCl.

In grams;

(1 mol x 110.98 g/mol) CaCl produce (2 mol x 74.5513 g/mol) KCl, i.e

110.98 g CaCl produced 149.10236 g KCl,

Therefore, the grams of CaCl needed to produce 15.0 g KCl will be:

Therefore, 11.2 grams of calcium chloride are needed to produce 15.0 g of potassium chloride.

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation allows us to determine the relative concentrations of an acid and its conjugate base based on the pH of the solution and the pKa of the acid. At pH 6.4, the ratio is 0.1.

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is a mathematical relationship that relates the pH of a solution to the ratio of the concentration of an acid and its conjugate base. It is commonly used in chemistry and biochemistry to describe the acid-base equilibrium.

To determine the ratio of \([H-2PO_4-]\) to \([HPO_4^2-]\) at pH 6.4, we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

\(pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])\)

In this case, \(H_2PO_4-\) is the acid (HA) and \(HPO_4^2-\) is its conjugate base (A-).

Given that the pKa of \(H_2PO_4-\) is 7.4, we can substitute the values into the equation:

\(6.4 = 7.4 + log([HPO_4^2-]/[H_2PO_4-])\)

Simplifying the equation:

\(-1 = log([HPO_4^2-]/[H_2PO_4-])\\[HPO_4^2-]/[H_2PO_4-] = 10^{(-1)} = 0.1\)

Therefore, at pH 6.4, the ratio is 0.1.

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The use of the oak tree stem as evidence to support the claim that specialized tissue work together to form organs that perform necessary functions is given below

The oak tree stem is proof that specialized tissues cooperate to form organs that carry out essential functions since the oak tree stem has specialized cells that carry out similar tasks. Water is transported by vascular tissue, the stem's outside is shielded by epidermal tissue, and the ground tissue provide support.

An organ is a physical entity made up of two or more tissues that collaborate to perform a single function. Example: Your heart.

In order to prove that specialized tissues come together to produce organs that carry out essential functions, use the stem of an oak tree as your example.

Therefore, An organ system is a collection of organs that cooperate to carry out bodily activities. The organs of the oak tree's shoot system are the leaves, stems, and flowers.

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A)If 0.863 mole of \(NH_3\) are produced, 0.4315 moles of \(N_2\) must have reacted and B) If 0.863 mol \(NH_3\) are produced, 1.2945 mole of \(H_2\) must have reacted.

A) To determine the moles of \(N_2\) that reacted, we can use the stoichiometric coefficients from the balanced chemical equation: \(N_2 (g) + 3 H_2 (g) --> 2 NH_3 (g)\)
According to the balanced equation, 1 mol of \(N_2\) reacts to produce 2 mol of  \(NH_3\). To find the moles of \(N_2\) that reacted to produce 0.863 mol \(NH_3\), we can set up a proportion:
(1 mol \(N_2\) / 2 mol  \(NH_3\)) = (x mol \(N_2\) / 0.863 mol \(NH_3\))
Solving for x:
x mol \(N_2\) = (1 mol \(N_2\) / 2 mol  \(NH_3\)) * 0.863 mol  \(NH_3\)
x mol \(N_2\) = 0.4315 mol \(N_2\)
So, 0.4315 mol \(N_2\) must have reacted.
B) Now, to determine the moles of \(H_2\) that reacted, we can use the stoichiometric coefficients again:
According to the balanced equation, 3 mol of \(H_2\) reacts to produce 2 mol of  \(NH_3\). To find the moles of \(H_2\) that reacted to produce 0.863 mol  \(NH_3\), we can set up another proportion:
(3 mol \(H_2\) / 2 mol  \(NH_3\)) = (y mol \(H_2\) / 0.863 mol  \(NH_3\))
Solving for y:
y mol \(H_2\) = (3 mol \(H_2\) / 2 mol  \(NH_3\)) * 0.863 mol  \(NH_3\)
y mol \(H_2\) = 1.2945 mol \(H_2\)
So, 1.2945 mol \(H_2\) must have reacted.

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Answer:

-198.15

Explanation:

sorry if wrong form

If the central metal ion is sp² hybridized in the new atom, it means that bond of carbon are formed by hybridization of 2 s orbitals and 1 p orbital.

Hybridization means that there is not a singular orbital, there is a new orbital which is forced by the hybridization of the old orbital.

It also means that the central carbon atom is an alkene. it will have a double bond.

It will have two sigma bonds and one pi bond. The bonding in the sp² orbital will have the electron in the s orbital and the p orbital while the carbon atom is in the excited state. Here, s orbitals will be forming two sigma bond and p orbital will be forming the pi bond.

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The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of electrons only when the atom is in a neutral state.

An atomic number of an atom is the total number of electrons or protons present in that atom.

When an atom is neutral, the amount of positive charges will be equal to the amount of negative charges. Therefore, the atomic number is the number of electrons or the number of protons present in that atom.

For ions, the electrons are gained or lost by that atom. So, in that case, the number of electrons and protons is not equal to each other.

In such cases. the atomic number will be only equal to the number of protons of that atom.

Because, electrons = protons - charge.

For example, Sodium has an atomic number equal to 11, so it contains 11 electrons. But, Sodium ion (Na⁺) has the number of electrons = 11 - 1 = 10

Therefore, for neutral atoms, the atomic number of the atom is the number of electrons in the atom.

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Answer:

Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide -> sodium chloride + water

Sulphuric acid + copper hydroxide -> copper sulphate + water

Nitric acid + sodium hydroxide -> sodium nitrate + water

Hydrochloric acid + calcium hydroxide -> calcium chloride + water

Sulphuric acid + potassium hydroxide -> potassium sulphate + water

Hydrochloric acid + lithium hydroxide -> lithium chloride + water

Nitric acid + magnesium hydroxide -> magnesium nitrate + water

Answer:

when two substances come together to create heat.

Explanation:

there have to be something to create heat.

Answer:

Its food for cannibals.

The correct answer is: D. All of the above.

In the chemical reaction 2Al(s) + 3Pt(NO3)2(aq) -> 3Pt(s) + 2Al(NO3)3(aq), we can determine the role of Al(s) by examining the changes in oxidation states.

The reducing agent: A reducing agent is a substance that undergoes oxidation, meaning it loses electrons, and causes the reduction of another species by donating electrons. In this reaction, Al(s) is oxidized from an oxidation state of 0 to +3 in Al(NO3)3(aq). Therefore, Al(s) is not the reducing agent.

The electron donor: An electron donor is a substance that donates electrons to another species. In this reaction, Al(s) donates electrons to Pt(NO3)2(aq), resulting in the reduction of Pt(II) ions to Pt(s). Therefore, Al(s) acts as the electron donor.

Being oxidized: When a substance undergoes oxidation, it loses electrons and increases its oxidation state. In this reaction, Al(s) is oxidized from an oxidation state of 0 to +3 in Al(NO3)3(aq). Therefore, Al(s) is being oxidized.

From the analysis above, we can conclude that the correct answer is:

D. All of the above

Al(s) is the electron donor, it undergoes oxidation and loses electrons, and therefore acts as the reducing agent in this chemical reaction. It is important to note that in redox reactions, the species that is oxidized is the reducing agent, and the species that is reduced is the oxidizing agent.

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Answer:

4Pb(NO3)2, you can apply these steps:

The chemical formula is 4Pb(NO3)2.

The elements in the compound are Pb, N, and O.

The number of atoms of each element in one molecule of the compound are:

Pb: 1 (no subscript)

N: 2 (subscript after N in the parenthesis)

O: 6 (subscript after O in the parenthesis, multiplied by 2 because of the subscript outside the parenthesis)

The number of atoms of each element in the compound are:

Pb: 1 x 4 = 4 (multiplied by the coefficient 4)

N: 2 x 4 = 8 (multiplied by the coefficient 4)

O: 6 x 4 = 24 (multiplied by the coefficient 4)

Therefore, the total number of atoms in the compound are 4 + 8 + 24 = 36.

Explanation:

Answer:

36 atoms

Explanation:

To determine the number of atoms in 4Pb(NO3)2, you first need to calculate the total number of atoms in one molecule of Pb(NO3)2 and then multiply by the coefficient 4.

The formula Pb(NO3)2 contains 1 lead (Pb) atom, 2 nitrogen (N) atoms, and 6 oxygen (O) atoms.

Therefore, the total number of atoms in one molecule of Pb(NO3)2 is:

1 (Pb atom) + 2 (N atoms) + 6 (O atoms) = 9 atoms

Multiplying by the coefficient 4 gives:

4 x 9 = 36

Therefore, there are 36 atoms in 4Pb(NO3)2.

ALLEN

For a liter of a buffer that is 1. 5 m in acetic acid and 0. 70 m in sodium acetate, and with a  result in a buffer pH of 4.01, the moles of HCl required is mathematically given as x=0.313mol

Generally, the equation for the pH   is mathematically given as

pH=pKa+logsalt/acid

Generally, the equation for the Chemical Reaction   is mathematically given as

HCl+CH3CooNa---->NaCl+CH3OOH

Therefore

4.01=4.74+log\frac{0.8-x}{1.3+x}

-0.52=log\frac{0.8-x}{1.3+x}

x=0.313mol

In conclusion, The moles of HCl required is

x=0.313mol

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Buffer is a solution that prevents pH variation in a solution when base or acid is added. In a liter of buffer 0.313 mol of hydrochloric acid must be added.

pH is the potential of hydrogen and is given as,

\(\rm pH =\rm pKa + log \dfrac{salt}{acid}\)

The chemical reaction is given as,

\(\rm HCl+CH_{3}COONa \rightarrow NaCl+CH_{3}OOH\)

Given,

pH =4.01

pKa = 4.74

Concentration of salt = 0.8 - x

Concentration of acid = 1.3 + x

Substituting values in the pH formula:

\(\begin{aligned} 4.01 &= 4.74 + \rm log \dfrac{(0.8 - x)}{ (1.3 + x)}\\\\-0.52 &= \rm log \dfrac{(0.8 - x)}{ (1.3 + x)}\\\\&= 0.313 \;\rm mol\end{aligned}\)

Therefore, 0.313 moles of HCl are needed.

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Mi inference about a  substance is described as being lipoid, would be that it has a chemical or physical resemblance to fats or lipids, which may come in its chemical structure or in its physical properties.

Lipids are described as a class of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents like ether or chloroform.

Lipids include fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids, among others.

Their importance is seen in for energy storage, cell membrane structure, and signaling pathways in living organisms.

In conclusion,  a substance that is described as being lipoid may have some of the physical or chemical properties of lipids, such as being insoluble in water and soluble in nonpolar solvents, having a greasy or oily appearance or texture, or having a similar chemical structure to lipids.

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